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Fusion

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Nuclear power uses ____ for fuel.
a)
steel
b)
coal
c)
uranium
d)
hydrogen
2.
_________ happens naturally due to an unstable nucleus.
a)
fission
b)
fusion
c)
radioactive decay
d)
K-capture
3.
_________ happens naturally due to an unstable nucleus.
a)
fission
b)
fusion
c)
radioactive decay
d)
K-capture
4.
One disadvantage of nuclear energy is ___.
a)
it is a fossil fuel
b)
it leaves behind radioactive waste
c)
it emits large amounts of pollution into the atmosphere
d)
there are no disadvantages
5.
The splitting of a nucleus into smaller nuclei is
a)
fusion
b)
fission
c)
decay
d)
gamma radiation
6.
Isotopes of the same element have different ____________. 
a)
 numbers of protons  
b)
numbers of electrons
c)
 symbols 
d)
numbers of neutrons
7.
When does radioactive decay occur?
a)
When the nucleus of an isotope is unstable
b)
When the nucleus of an isotope is stable
c)
When the electrons of an isotope are spinning
d)
When the electrons of an isotope are shared with another isotope
8.
This is an example of...
a)
Fission  reaction
b)
Fusion reaction
c)
Decomposition reaction
d)
Decay
9.
The product of nuclear fission includes
a)
neutrons and electrons
b)
several nuclei and neutrons
c)
several nuclei and electrons
d)
several nuclei and protons
10.

Is radioactive decay 'spontaneous' ?

a)

yes

b)

no

c)

sometimes

11.

Is radioactive decay 'random' ?

a)

yes

b)

no

c)

sometimes

12.

Which best describes what happens during radioactive decay?

a)

the emission of radioactivity

b)

the build up of radioactivity

c)

the splitting of radioactivity

d)

the expansion of radioactivity

13.

During radioactive decay, the element can change?

a)

true

b)

false

14.

During radioactive decay ....?

a)

another element might be made

b)

another element is always made

c)

another element is never made

15.
What is the half-life of iodine-131?
a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
16.
If the half-life of uranium-232 is 70 years, how many half-lives will it take for 10 g of it to be reduced to 1.25 g?
a)
1 half-life
b)
2 half-lives
c)
3 half-lives
d)
4 half-lives
17.
146C has a half life of 5730 years, how many years would it take the 4.0 g sample to decay to 0.25 g?
a)
4 years
b)
5730 years
c)
22,920 years
d)
28,650 years
18.
What type of decay is being illustrated in following picture? 
a)
beta decay
b)
alpha decay 
19.

In the early twentieth century the apparatus shown in the diagram was used to investigate atomic structure. When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, most of the particles were detected at point P. What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point P?

a)

Gold atoms contain electrons.

b)

Gold atoms contain protons.

c)

Gold atoms contain neutrons.

d)

Gold atoms are mainly empty space.

20.

When He2+ particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold, about 1 in 8000 of the particles were detected at point Q. What conclusion can be drawn from the detection of He2+ particles at point Q?

a)

Gold atoms have a small, positive nucleus.

b)

Gold atoms have electrons in orbitals.

c)

Gold consists of ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.

d)

Gold atoms have more protons than He2+ particles.

21.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 41K+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 19, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 20

b)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 21

c)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 22

d)

Number of electrons: 19, Number of protons: 18, Number of neutrons: 23

22.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 21Na+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 11, Number of protons: 11, Number of neutrons: 10

b)

Number of electrons: 10, Number of protons: 12, Number of neutrons: 9

c)

Number of electrons: 10, Number of protons: 11, Number of neutrons: 10

d)

Number of electrons: 11, Number of protons: 10, Number of neutrons: 11

23.

Which of these correctly shows the numbers of sub-atomic particles in a 42Ca2+ ion?

a)

Number of electrons: 20, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 22

b)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 21, Number of neutrons: 21

c)

Number of electrons: 18, Number of protons: 20, Number of neutrons: 22

d)

Number of electrons: 20, Number of protons: 19, Number of neutrons: 23

24.

Which model of the atom is denoted as the "plum pudding" model?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

25.
This model this model was the first to show a nucleus, consisting of protons and neutron.  Electrons surround the nucleus but are not shown in distinct energy levels. 
a)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
b)
The "Plum Pudding Model" of the atom
c)
The "Quantum Mechanical Modell" of the atom
d)
Democritus's model of the atom
26.
This model added on to previous models by showing electrons existed at certain "energy levels". However it does not accurately show what those levels look like.
a)
The "Bohr Model" of the atom
b)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
c)
The "Plumb Pudding Model" of the atom
d)
The "Quantum Mechanical Model" of the atom
27.
This model was developed after J.J. Thompson discovered electrons, a particle smaller than an atom. Is shows electrons floating freely in a positive space.
a)
The "Plum Pudding Model" of the atom
b)
The "Rutherford Model" of the atom
c)
Democritus's model of the atom
d)
The "Quantum Mechanical Model" of the atom
28.
Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms were mostly _________________. 
a)
negatively charged
b)
positively charged
c)
electrons
d)
empty space. 
29.

An atom in which the number of protons is greater than the number of neutrons is:

a)

234U

b)

6Li

c)

3He

d)

2H

30.

Which of these atoms has the smallest number of neutrons?

a)

3H

b)

4He

c)

5He

d)

4Li

31.

Americium-241 (24195Am) is an isotope of americium. Which of the isotopes given in the table below is not an isotope of americium?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

32.

The graph shows how the number of americium-241 nuclei in a sample changes with time. How many years does it take for the number of americium-241 nuclei to decrease from 10,000 to 5,000?

a)

430 years

b)

500 years

c)

400 years

d)

800 years

33.

A householder is worried about the radiation emitted by the granite worktop in his kitchen. 1 kg of granite has an activity of 1250 Bq. The kitchen worktop has a mass of 180 kg. Calculate the activity of the kitchen worktop in Bq.

a)

225,000 Bq

b)

6.94 Bq

c)

0.144 Bq

d)

25,000 Bq

34.

A teacher used a Geiger-Muller tube and counter to measure the number of counts in 2 minutes for a radioactive rock. The counter recorded 980 counts in two minutes. The background radiation count rate was 0.25 counts per second. Calculate the count rate for the rock.

a)

7.92 per second

b)

8.16 per second

c)

490 per second

d)

489.75 per second

35.

In an experiment, a teacher put a 2 mm thick lead sheet in front of a radioactive source. She used a detector and counter to measure the radiation passing through the lead sheet in one minute. She then put different numbers of lead sheets, each 2 mm thick, in front of the radioactive source and measured the radiation passing through in one minute. The readings taken by the teacher are plotted in the graph. How does the amount of radiation transmitted by the lead change as the total thickness of the lead is increased?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it stays constant

36.

An atom that loses an electron is called an _____________________and has an overall _________________________ charge.

a)

ion ; positive

b)

ion ; negative

c)

isotope ; positive

d)

ion ; neutral

37.

Carbon-14 and carbon-12 are two of the isotopes of carbon. The nucleus of a carbon-12 atom has the same number of ________________ as the nucleus of a carbon-14 atom.

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

38.

State the number of neutrons in an atom of iodine-135 (13553I)

a)

78

b)

82

c)

131

d)

53

39.

The graph shows how the number of americium-241 nuclei in a sample changes with time. What is the half-life of americium-241?

a)

430 years

b)

500 years

c)

400 years

d)

800 years

40.

The half-life of As-81 is 33s. How long does it take for a 100g sample of As-81 to decay to 6.25g?

a)

33 seconds

b)

66 seconds

c)

2.2 minutes

d)

5.5 minutes

41.

How old is a bone if it presently contains 0.3125g of carbon-14 and it was estimated to originally contain 80g? The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.

a)

5730 years old

b)

11460 years old

c)

45840 years old

d)

22920 years old

42.

Sodium-25 was to be used in an experiment, but it took 3 minutes to get the sodium from the reactor to the laboratory. If 5 mg of sodium-25 was removed from the reactor, how many mg of sodium-25 would be available to use in the laboratory? The half-life of Na-25 is 60 seconds.

a)

5 mg

b)

0.625 mg

c)

2.5 mg

d)

1.25 mg

43.

Use the graph to determine the half-life of the radioactive sample. The x-axis label is time in seconds

a)

1 minute

b)

20 seconds

c)

40 seconds

d)

80 seconds

44.

State the likely count rate after 180 seconds

a)

20 counts per minute

b)

10 counts per minute

c)

5 counts per minute

d)

2 counts per minute

45.

The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of technetium-99 changes with time. State the half-life of technetium-99.

a)

6 hours

b)

4 hours

c)

12 hours

d)

18 hours

46.

The graph shows how the count rate of a sample of iodine-131 changed over 24 days. What is the half-life of iodine-131?

a)

8 days

b)

4 days

c)

16 days

d)

24 days

47.

The graph shows how the count rate from a sample of technetium-99 changes with time. What would the count rate be after 24 hours?

a)

9.38 counts per minute

b)

75 counts per minute

c)

37.5 counts per minute

d)

18.75 counts per minute

48.

U‐238 has a half‐life of 4.46 billion years. How much U‐238 was present initially if 2 grams remains after 13.38 billion years?

a)

0.5 g

b)

1 g

c)

8 g

d)

4 g

49.
Takes two small nuclei and combines them into a larger nucleus
a)
fission
b)
fusion
50.
How do nuclear power-plants work?
a)
Fusion
b)
Half-life
c)
Fission
d)
Fusion or fission
51.

Where does fusion occur naturally?

a)

Underwater

b)

All around us

c)

In the radioactive waste

d)

In the centre of stars, like the Sun

52.

Which atoms combine together during fusion reaction in the Sun?

a)

Helium and Hydrogen atoms

b)

Hydrogen atoms

c)

Hydrogen and Lithium atoms

d)

Hydrogen and Carbon atoms

53.

Do all stars release energy through fusion?

a)

Yes

b)

No

c)

Just our sun

d)

Only large stars

54.
The product of nuclear fission includes
a)
neutrons and electrons
b)
several nuclei and neutrons
c)
several nuclei and electrons
d)
several nuclei and protons
55.
Which of the following is true about nuclear fission?
a)
The mass of the product is greater than the mass of the original nucleus
b)
The mass of the product is less than that of the original nucleus
c)
The mass of the product is the same as the mass of the original nucleus
d)
The mass of the product is 100 times greater than the original nucleus
56.
What is a chain reaction?
a)
When electrons travel are emitted causing electricity
b)
When a nuclear fission reaction occurs, the protons emitted can strike other nuclei in the sample, and cause them to split
c)
When a nuclear fission reaction occurs, the neutrons emitted can strike other nuclei in the sample, and cause them to split
d)
When a nuclear fission reaction occurs, the electrons emitted can strike other nuclei in the sample, and cause them to split
57.

Two nuclei with low masses are combined to form one nucleus of larger mass is called what?

a)

Nuclear fission

b)

Nuclear fusion

c)

Nuclear half-life

d)

Half-life

58.
Which of the following is true about nuclear fusion?
a)
It is easy to implement.
b)
It produces less energy than nuclear fission.
c)
It produces more energy than nuclear fission.
d)
It has the ability to occur easily in everyday life.
59.
What is true about nuclear fusion? 
a)
The mass of the product is less than that of the original nucleus
b)
The mass of the product is 100 times less than that of the original nucleus
c)
The mass of the product is the same as that of the original nucleus
d)
The mass of the product is greater than that of the original nucleus
60.
What is a beneficial aspect of nuclear fission?
a)
The ability to absorb energy
b)
The ability to release tremendous amounts of energy
c)
The ability to produce more energy than nuclear fusion
d)
There are no beneficial aspects of nuclear fission

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