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Griffith, Avery, Mendel and Heredity Study Guide

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This scientist(s) found a "transforming principle" that changed harmless bacteria into harmful bacteria
a)
Mendel
b)
Avery
c)
Chargraff
d)
Griffith
2.
The scientist(s) who discovered dominant and recessive traits
a)
Mendel
b)
Avery
c)
Griffith
d)
Watson & Crick
3.
Scientist(s) who used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria was DNA
a)
Griffith
b)
Hershey & Chase
c)
Mendel
d)
Avery
4.
In the early 1900s, most scientists thought it was _____________ that carried traits form parent to offspring. 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
DNA
5.
This scientist(s) conducted experiments that involved injecting mice with S bacteria and R bacteria.
a)
Avery
b)
Griffith
c)
Watson & Crick
d)
Hershey & Chase
6.
The first scientist to perform multiple tests on the transforming principle, to determine if it was DNA or protein
a)
Griffith
b)
Chargraff
c)
Avery
d)
Hershey
7.
Avery added an enzyme known to break down proteins to his extract, and saw that the bacteria were ____________________
a)
still transformed
b)
not transformed
c)
all killed
d)
all sick
8.
Avery added an enzyme known to break down DNA to his extract, and saw that the bacteria were __________________
a)
still transformed 
b)
not transformed
c)
all sick
d)
all killed
9.
From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffin coined the term
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Transformation
d)
Translation
10.
The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase and Franklin helped us to determine the __ are responsible for carrying genetic material.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
11.
What organism was Griffith using when he discovered that a harmless strain of bacteria could transform into a lethal strain of bacteria?
a)
pea plants
b)
fruit flies
c)
bacteriophages
d)
mice
12.
Griffith discovered that
a)
DNA is different than RNA.
b)
adenine = thymine.
c)
bacteria can transfer DNA.
d)
DNA is the genetic molecule.
13.
Who discovered the process of transformation while trying to create a vaccine against bacterial pneumonia?
a)
Griffith
b)
Avery
c)
Hershey and Chase
d)
Watson and Crick
14.

Who FIRST showed that DNA was the transforming factor?

a)

Griffith

b)

Avery

c)

Chargaff

d)

Franklin

15.
What did Avery use to destroy proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to show that DNA was the transforming factor?
a)
Bacteriophages
b)
X-ray diffraction
c)
Enzymes
d)
Radioactive isotopes
16.

The offspring of a cross between parents that have contrasting traits:

a)

purebred

b)

hybrid

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

17.

The likelihood that a specific event will occur:

a)

accountability

b)

dominant

c)

probability

d)

recessive

18.

When the two alleles of a particular gene are different:

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

19.

The set of alleles that an individual has:

a)

heterozygous

b)

phenotype

c)

homozygous

d)

genotype

20.

The allele that is fully expressed by itself:

a)

recessive

b)

homozygous

c)

dominant

d)

heterozygous

21.

A diagram used to predict the outcomes of a genetic cross:

a)

karyotype

b)

Punnett Square

c)

Pedigree

d)

Venn diagram

22.

The allele that is not expressed when the dominant corresponding allele is present:

a)

dominant

b)

heterozygous

c)

recessive

d)

homozygous

23.

A version of a gene:

a)

allele

b)

trait

c)

character

d)

generation

24.

When the two alleles of a particular gene are the same:

a)

homozygous

b)

genotype

c)

heterozygous

d)

phenotype

25.

Known as the father of modern genetics:

a)

Watson

b)

Crick

c)

Darwin

d)

Mendel

26.

Dominant alleles are represented with a:

a)

capital letter

b)

lower case letter

c)

shape

d)

symbol

27.

A detectable trait or traits that result from the genotype such as color, shape, etc:

a)

genotype

b)

homozygous

c)

heterozygous

d)

phenotype

28.

Group of offspring produced by a given set of parents:

a)

generation

b)

family

c)

characters

d)

partners

29.

The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring:

a)

geneology

b)

heredity

c)

cellology

d)

physiology

30.

Gregor Mendel did experimented on what kind of plants?

a)

Lilacs

b)

Peas

c)

Apples

d)

Sunflowers

31.

The passing of physical characteristics from parent to young is called...

a)

Traits

b)

Alleles

c)

Heredity

d)

Hybrid

32.

What is the scientific study of heredity?

a)

Genetics

b)

Epistemology

c)

Pathology

d)

Podiatry

33.

Organisms with 2 different alleles for a trait is known as...

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Homozygous

d)

Hybrid

34.

A ___________ is the genetic makeup or allele combination.

a)

Phenotype

b)

Gene

c)

Genotype

d)

Homozygous

35.

When the genotype has 2 identical alleles it is known as...

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Co-dominance

c)

Homozygous

d)

Recessive

36.

A __________ is the visible trait or physical appearance.

a)

Genotype

b)

Dominant

c)

Co-dominance

d)

Phenotype

37.

What allele will always show up when present in the genetic combination?

a)

Recessive

b)

Purebred

c)

Traits

d)

Dominant

38.

Dominant alleles are represented as lowercase letters on a Punnett Square.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Probability is the number that describes how likely an event will occur.

a)

True

b)

False

40.
If green is dominant over purple, then what is the genotype for this individual?
a)
Purple
b)
Green
c)
GG
d)
gg
41.
What is the genotype for this organism?
(E= 3 eyes, e= 1 eye)
a)
EE
b)
Ee
c)
ee
d)
EE or Ee
42.
Which of the following terms refers to the different possibilities of a gene?
a)
chromosome
b)
DNA
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
allele
43.
If something is heterozygous, it is also...
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
44.
A phenotype is the...
a)
letter combination
b)
dominant gene
c)
recessive gene
d)
physical appearance
45.
Another word for homozygous is...
a)
purebred
b)
hybrid
c)
heterozygous
d)
dominant
46.
 Dominant alleles are-
a)
capital
b)
lowercase
c)
both
d)
neither
47.
Tt is-
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
none of these
48.
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
a)
TT
b)
Tt
c)
tt
d)
tT
49.
One reason for Mendel's success with genetic studies of peas was that he
a)
used only hybrid pea plants
b)
used peas with large chromosomes
c)
studied large numbers of offspring
d)
discovered the sources of variation in peas
50.
An organism's genetic make-up:
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
dominant
d)
recessive
51.
What is the cause of some traits "skipping" a generation?
a)
dominant traits
b)
recessive traits
c)
hybrid alleles
d)
homologous chromosomes
52.
When is a recessive allele expressed in offspring?
a)
when two copies are present
b)
when parents have no dominant alleles
c)
when the offspring is heterozygous
d)
when one copy is present
53.
Recessive alleles are represented by:
a)
a ratio
b)
a percentage
c)
capital letters
d)
lower-case letters
54.
Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, the alleles that control each trait separate, and only _________________ from each pair is/are passed to the offspring
a)
one allele
b)
the dominant trait
c)
two alleles
d)
the recessive trait
55.
The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring is called
a)
cross-pollination
b)
cross-breeding
c)
heredity
d)
genetics
56.
Which of the following is NOT a trait you can inherit?
a)
your athletic ability
b)
your eye color
c)
your hairstyle
d)
your height
57.
___________________________ is the study of how traits are passed on, or inherited.
a)
dominant traits
b)
ratio
c)
phenotype
d)
genetics
58.
A couple has two children, both of whom are girls. What is the likelihood that their 3rd child will be a girl?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
59.
A single piece of coiled DNA found in the cells; contains genes that encode traits.
a)
gene
b)
chromosome
c)
trait
d)
DNA
60.
This is a part of the chromosome that carries information and controls a trait
a)
trait
b)
gene 
c)
chromosome
d)
offspring
61.
One gene from a pair is called an
a)
Trait
b)
Allele
c)
Genotype
d)
Phenotype
62.

The possible colors for a bug are green (G) and yellow (g). If a bugs genotype is Gg, and is green, which is the dominant trait?

a)

Green

b)

Yellow

63.

If a beetle's genotype is Gg, is it heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive.

a)

Homozygous dominant

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Homozygous recessive

64.

For a recessive trait to be expressed, an individual must be what?

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

65.

Purple (P) is dominant to white (p), what is the phenotype of the flower?

a)

White

b)

Pp

c)

pp

d)

Purple

66.

Spotted (S) is dominant to plain (s). What is the genotype of the ladybug?

a)

Spotted

b)

Plain

c)

Ss

d)

ss

67.
Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Mitochondria
68.
What is a gene?
a)
An entire chromosome that  codes for a trait
b)
a piece of clothing
c)
a piece of a DNA on chromosome that codes for a trait
d)
Chemical messengers in your brain that code for a trait
69.
What is a recessive allele?
a)
A trait that is always shown (capital letter)
b)
A trait that can be hidden (lower case letter)
c)
Alleles that are the same
d)
Alleles that are different
70.
Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
23
d)
46
71.
What are the two genotypes that show the DOMINANT Phenotype
a)
GG, gg
b)
GG, Gg
c)
Gg, gg
72.
Which of the following pairs is homozygous dominant?
a)
Hh
b)
pp
c)
HH
d)
aa
73.
Gregor Mendel was born in what country
a)
Austraila
b)
Austria
c)
Africa
d)
Alaska
74.
What is cross pollination?
a)
When pollen from a flower fertilizes itself or another flower on the same plant
b)
When pollen from one flower fertilizes a flower on a different plant
c)
A plant whose offspring share the same traits as the parent
d)
A plant whose offspring is genetically different from the parent.
75.
What is self-fertilization?
a)
When pollen from a flower fertilizes itself or another flower on the same plant
b)
When pollen from one flower fertilizes a flower on a different plant
c)
A plant whose offspring share the same traits as the parent
d)
A plant whose offspring is genetically different from the parent.
76.
What is true-breeding?
a)
When pollen from a flower fertilizes itself or another flower on the same plant
b)
When pollen from one flower fertilizes a flower on a different plant
c)
A plant whose offspring share the same traits as the parent
d)
A plant whose offspring is genetically different from the parent.
77.
What did Gregor Mendel do in his first experiment?
a)
Self-Pollinated two pea plants
b)
Self-Pollinated two true-breeding pea plants
c)
Cross-pollinated two pea plants
d)
Cross pollinated two true-breeding pea plants

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