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Nucleic Acids and Proteins (Structure and Functions)

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Organisms are made up of atoms, ions, and _ that react and interact to allow for survival and reproduction

(a)  

2.

Which molecules that 1) Make up organisms and 2) Allow them to function are the focus of this unit (select 2)?

a)

Water

b)

Carbs

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic acids

e)

Proteins

3.

A molecule's structure impacts its _

a)

Function

b)

Properties

c)

Interactions with other molecules

d)

All answers are correct

4.

Besides C, H, and O, which elements are present in nucleic acids (select 2)?

a)

N

b)

P

c)

S

d)

K

e)

W

5.

What are the two types of nucleic acids (select 2)?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Proteins

d)

Carbohydrates

e)

Lipids

6.

DNA monomers are called _

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Amino acids

d)

Deoxyribose

e)

Nitrogenous bases

7.

Which of the following are components of DNA nucleotides (select 3)?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Phosphate group (PO43-)

d)

Nitrogenous base

e)

Side chain/R group

8.

What are the different nitrogenous bases found in DNA nucleotides (select 4)?

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

e)

U

9.

Purine bases have _ ring structures

a)

Single

b)

Double

c)

Triple

d)

Quadruple

10.

_ are the purine bases found in DNA nucleotides (select 2)

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

e)

U

11.

Pyrimidine bases have _ ring structures

a)

Single

b)

Double

c)

Triple

d)

Quadruple

12.

_ are the pyrimidine bases found in DNA nucleotides (select 2)

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

e)

U

13.

How many strands are present in a typical DNA molecule?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

Many

14.

DNA molecules have a _ structure

a)

Double helix

b)

Alpha helix

c)

Beta pleated sheet

d)

Folded

e)

Linear

15.

_ bonds connect nucleotides lengthwise in a DNA strand

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Metallic

16.

Nucleotides are connected lengthwise in a DNA strand via covalent bonds between _

a)

The phosphate group of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose sugar of the next

b)

The phosphate group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next

c)

The deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose sugar of the next

d)

The nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose sugar of the next

e)

The nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the nitrogenous base of the next

17.

The sugar-phoshate backbones are located on the _ of a DNA double helix

a)

Outer portions

b)

Inner portion

18.

The 2 strands of nucleotides in a DNA double helix run in _ directions

a)

Opposite (antiparallel)

b)

The same (parallel)

19.

Which numbers denote the opposite ends of a nucleotide strand in a DNA molecule?

a)

5' and 3'

b)

1' and 2'

c)

1' and 3'

d)

2' and 5'

20.

5' and 3' refer to _

a)

Numbered carbon atoms in deoxyribose

b)

The orientation of phosphate groups

c)

The number of nitrogenous bases

d)

The number of nucleotides

21.

In the polymerization of DNA, new nucleotides are added to the _ ends of the double helix

a)

3'

b)

5'

22.

_ reactions allow for the addition of new nucleotides to the 3' ends of a double helix (this occurs during DNA replication)

a)

Dehydration synthesis

b)

Hydrolysis

23.

_ bonds at the center of a DNA molecule connect its two strands together

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Metallic

24.

Which nucleotide components interact via hydrogen bonding at the center of a DNA double helix (molecule)?

a)

Nitrogenous bases

b)

Deoxyribose sugars

c)

Phosphate groups

d)

Ribose sugars

e)

Side chains/R groups

25.

A pairs with _ in DNA via _ hydrogen bonds

a)

T, 2

b)

T, 3

c)

G, 2

d)

G, 3

26.

C pairs with _ in DNA via _ hydrogen bonds

a)

T, 2

b)

T, 3

c)

G, 2

d)

G, 3

27.

DNA molecules are _

a)

Positively charged

b)

Negatively charged

c)

Polar (positively and negatively charged ends)

d)

Nonpolar (no charged ends)

28.

DNA molecules are negatively charged due to its _

a)

Nitrogenous bases

b)

Deoxyribose sugars

c)

Phosphate groups

d)

Ribose sugars

e)

Side chains/R groups

29.

How many chromosomes are found in prokaryotic (bacterial) cells?

a)

One

b)

Multiple

c)

Thousands

d)

None

30.

How many chromosomes are found in eukaryotic (animal, plant, fungal, and protist) cells?

a)

One

b)

Multiple

c)

Thousands

d)

None

31.

Prokaryotic chromosomes are _ in structure

a)

Circular

b)

Linear

c)

Helical

32.

Eukaryotic chromosomes are _ in structure

a)

Circular

b)

Linear

c)

Helical

33.

Where are prokaryotic chromosomes located?

a)

Freely floating in the cytosol

b)

In the nucleus

c)

In the cell membrane

d)

Within ribosomes

e)

In the Golgi apparatus

34.

Where are eukaryotic chromosomes located?

a)

Freely floating in the cytosol

b)

In the nucleus

c)

In the cell membrane

d)

Within ribosomes

e)

In the Golgi apparatus

35.

In a chromatin/chromosomes, DNA wraps around _ called histones

(a)  

36.

Plasmids are small, _ DNA molecules found in cells in addition to chromosomes

a)

circular, double-stranded

b)

circular, single-stranded

c)

linear, double-stranded

d)

linear, single-stranded

37.

DNA allows for the synthesis of _ in cells

a)

Polypeptides

b)

Nucleic acids

c)

Polysaccharides

d)

Amino acids

e)

Nucleotides

38.

DNA is always passed from parents to offspring in all forms of reproduction. This allows for the passing of _ through generations, the basis for heredity

(a)  

39.

RNA monomers are called _

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Amino acids

d)

Deoxyribose

e)

Nitrogenous bases

40.

Which of the following are components of RNA nucleotides (select 3)?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Phosphate group (PO43-)

d)

Nitrogenous base

e)

Side chain/R group

41.

What are the different nitrogenous bases found in RNA nucleotides (select 4)?

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

e)

U

42.

Uracil (U) is a _ base (single ring)

a)

Pyrimidine

b)

Purine

43.

_ are the pyrimidine bases found in RNA nucleotides (select 2)

a)

A

b)

T

c)

C

d)

G

e)

U

44.

How many strands are present in a typical RNA molecule?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

Many

45.

RNA molecules have a(n) _ structure (select 2)

a)

Double helix

b)

Alpha helix

c)

Beta pleated sheet

d)

Folded

e)

Linear

46.

In the polymerization of RNA, new nucleotides are added to the _ ends of the strand

a)

3'

b)

5'

47.

_ reactions allow for the addition of new nucleotides to the 3' ends of an RNA molecule (this occurs during transcription)

a)

Dehydration synthesis

b)

Hydrolysis

48.

RNA molecules exhibit base pairing during _ (select 2)

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Folding

e)

Mitosis

49.

Different types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, etc.) impact how and when DNA is able to synthesize polypeptides in cells

a)

T

b)

F

50.

Besides C, H, and O, which elements are present in proteins (select 2)?

a)

N

b)

P

c)

S

d)

K

e)

W

51.

Sulfur (S) is present in all proteins

a)

T

b)

F

52.

Protein monomers are called _

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Amino acids

d)

Deoxyribose

e)

Nitrogenous bases

53.

Which of the following are components of amino acids (select 3)?

a)

Carboxylic acid

b)

Amino group

c)

Phosphate group (PO43-)

d)

Nitrogenous base

e)

Side chain/R group

54.

Which amino acid component is different for each type?

a)

Carboxylic acid

b)

Amino group

c)

Phosphate group (PO43-)

d)

Nitrogenous base

e)

Side chain/R group

55.

An animo acid side chain/R group determines its _, which influences how it reacts and interacts with other molecules

(a)  

56.

Nonpolar amino acid side chains are also _

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

c)

Negatively charged

d)

Positively charged

57.

Polar amino acid side chains are also _

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

c)

Negatively charged

d)

Positively charged

58.

Acidic amino acid side chains are also _

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

c)

Negatively charged

d)

Positively charged

59.

Basic amino acid side chains are also _

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

c)

Negatively charged

d)

Positively charged

60.

Protein polymers are called _

a)

Polypeptides

b)

Polysaccharides

c)

Nucleic acids

d)

Amino acids

e)

Nucleotides

61.

What are the structural components of a polysaccharide (before folding) (select 2)?

a)

Backbone

b)

Side chains/R groups

c)

Sugar-phosphate backbones

d)

Alpha helices

e)

Beta pleated sheets

62.

Which amino acid components are present in the backbone of a polypeptide (select 2)?

a)

Amino groups

b)

Carboxyl groups

c)

Side chains/R groups

d)

Nitrogenous bases

e)

Phosphate groups

63.

Amino acids are bonded by _ bonds in a polypeptide

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Metallic

64.

_ bonds are the specific type of covalent bonds found between amino acids in a polypeptide

a)

Peptide

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Phosphodiester

d)

Glycosidic

65.

Which of the following describes a peptide bond in a polypeptide?

a)

The amino group of one amino acid is bonded to the amino group of the next

b)

The carboxyl group of one amino acid is bonded to the amino group of the next

c)

The carboxyl group of one amino acid is bonded to the carboxyl group of the next

d)

The side chain/R group of one amino acid is bonded to the amino group of the next

e)

The side chain/R group of one amino acid is bonded to the side chain/R group of the next

66.

In the polymerization of a polypeptide, new amino acids are added to the _ end of the growing strand

a)

Carboxyl

b)

Amino

c)

Side chain/R group

67.

_ reactions allow for the addition of new amino acids to the carboxyl end of a polypeptide (this occurs during translation)

a)

Dehydration synthesis

b)

Hydrolysis

68.

The _ of amino acids influence a polypeptide's primary structure (list answers alphabetically with commas)

(a)  

69.

_ allows polypeptides to have secondary and tertiary levels of structure

(a)  

70.

Secondary polypeptide structure is made possible by interactions between amino acid _

a)

Side chains/R groups

b)

Carboxyl and amino groups

c)

Carboxyl groups

d)

Amino groups

71.

_ between carboxyl and amino groups are the specific interactions that allow for polypeptide secondary structure

a)

Hydrogen bonds

b)

Covalent bonds

c)

Ionic bonds

d)

Hydrophobic interactions

72.

What are the different forms of polypeptide secondary structure (end results of hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxyl groups in the backbone) (select 2)?

a)

Alpha helices

b)

Beta pleated sheets

c)

Double helices

d)

Globular

e)

Fibrous

73.

Tertiary polypeptide structure is made possible by interactions between amino acid _

a)

Side chains/R groups

b)

Carboxyl and amino groups

c)

Carboxyl groups

d)

Amino groups

74.

_ between side chains/R groups are the specific bonds or interactions that allow for polypeptide tertiary structure

a)

Hydrogen bonds

b)

Covalent bonds

c)

Ionic bonds

d)

Hydrophobic interactions

e)

All answers are correct

75.

Interactions or bonds in a polypeptide's tertiary structure are dependent upon the _ of the side chains/R groups

(a)  

76.

What are the different forms of polypeptide tertiary structure (end results of bonds and interactions between amino acid side chains/R groups) (select 2)?

a)

Alpha helices

b)

Beta pleated sheets

c)

Double helices

d)

Globular (overall shape)

e)

Fibrous (overall shape)

77.

What allows proteins to have quaternary structure?

a)

The presence of a single polypeptide

b)

Folding

c)

The presence of multiple, interacting polypeptides

78.

_ are proteins that regulate chemical reactions (metabolism)

(a)  

79.

_ and _ are proteins that allow cells to communicate (signaling) (list answers alphabetically with a comma)

(a)  

80.

_ proteins (ex. antibodies) protect against bacteria and viruses (defense)

(a)  

81.

Proteins can store their own amino acids OR other substances (ex. ions) are future resources

a)

T

b)

F

82.

Proteins allow for structure at microscopic AND macroscopic levels of biological organization

a)

T

b)

F

83.

Proteins allow for movement at microscopic AND macroscopic levels of biological organization

a)

T

b)

F

84.

Proteins transport substance _ cells

a)

Into

b)

Out of

c)

Around

d)

All answers are correct

85.

Amino acids can be utilized for _ synthesis (energy release)

(a)  

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