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Unit 3: Genetics Vocabulary

Total questions: 135

Worksheet time: 11hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

the science that studies how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles

a)

heredity

b)

genetics

c)

biology

2.

the passing of traits from parent to offsprint

a)

heredity

b)

genetics

c)

botany

3.

the genetic make-up; the actual gene pair

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

4.

the physical or visible appearance of an organism; a trait we can see

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

5.

blue eyes, curly hair

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

6.

Tt, BB, rr

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

7.

controls the trait; you only need one gene for the trait to show up in an organism

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

8.

the weaker trait; you need 2 genes for the trait to show up in an organism

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

9.

the different forms of a trait that make up a gene, R OR r

a)

allele

b)

dominant

c)

recessive

10.

purebred; the same gene pair

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

11.

hybrid; a different gene pair

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

12.

TT, tt

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

13.

Rr, Ff

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

14.

BB, RR, TT

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

15.

nn, ww, gg

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

16.

Tt, Bb, Ww

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

17.

the father of genetics

a)

James Watson

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Gregor Mendel

d)

Reginald Punnett

18.

CC, DD, EE

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

19.

aa, bb

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

20.

a tool used to predict the results from crossing 2 sets of allelles

a)

microscope

b)

Punnett square

c)

Jawsome trapezoid

21.

The passing of genetic material from parents to offspring (children)

a)

traits

b)

characteristics

c)

heredity

d)

phenotype

22.

He is known as the "Father of Genetics" and used pea plants because they reproduce quickly.

a)

Robert Hooke

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Theodor Swann

d)

Matthias Schleiden

23.

The trait represented by a capital letter

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

c)

Phenotype

d)

Incomplete dominance

24.

The trait represented by a lower case letter

a)

Recessive

b)

Dominant

c)

Phenotype

d)

Incomplete Dominance

25.

The different versions of a gene or one of a pair of genes

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Allele

d)

Phenotype

26.

A feature that has different forms in a population ( CATEGORIES) Examples: Seed color, Eye color

a)

Trait

b)

Characteristic

c)

Allele

d)

Dominant

27.

The different forms within a characteristic (blue eyes, brown eyes)

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Characteristic

d)

Trait

28.

The actual gene makeup of an organism ( Tt)

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Trait

d)

Characteristic

29.

The physical appearance or the visible characteristic "What you see"

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Allele

d)

Dominant

30.

An organism that has alleles that are different for a trait (Tt)

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Allele

d)

Trait

31.

Organism with two alleles that are the same (TT or tt)

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Allele

d)

Trait

32.

An organism with two alleles that are the same (TT or tt)

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Trait

d)

Allele

33.

An organism that has alleles that are different for a trait (Tt)

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Allele

d)

Trait

34.

Segment of DNA found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristic

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Gene

d)

Phenotype

35.

Chance or possibility that an event will take place

a)

Probability

b)

Genotype

c)

Phenotype

d)

Allele

36.

A special chart used to show possible gene combinations

a)

Line graph

b)

Circle Graph

c)

Punnett Square

d)

Pie Graph

37.
Two Alleles make a 
a)
Gene
b)
Chromosome
c)
DNA
d)
Phenotype
38.
Coiled up DNA forms X shaped structures called
a)
DNA Coils
b)
Chargraffs
c)
Chromosomes
d)
Alleles
39.
An Organism's physical appearance is its
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Chromosome
d)
Allele
40.
The particular mix of alleles (letter combination) is an organism's 
a)
Phenotype
b)
Chromosome
c)
Punnett Square
d)
Genotype
41.
A gene with a mix of alleles (Bb) is considered a _________ gene.
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
c)
Homozygous
d)
Punnett
42.
You have two alleles on each gene.  Where do you alleles come from?
a)
From the grandparent you most resemble
b)
Your parents
c)
Your siblings
d)
You make them by yourself
43.
Watson and Crick....
a)
Took an x-ray picture of DNA
b)
Grew peas and discovered that alleles could be dominant and recessive.
c)
Discovered the Shape of DNA
d)
Invented Genetics
44.
DNA is shaped like...
a)
A Double Helix
b)
A Helix
c)
A Triple Helix
d)
A Double Stack
45.
Mendel....
a)
Took an x-ray picture of DNA
b)
Grew peas and discovered that alleles could be dominant and recessive.
c)
Discovered the Shape of DNA
d)
Invented Genetics
46.
Meiosis is 
a)
The particular alleles or letter combination
b)
a form of cell division that results in 4 different daughter cells
c)
a form of cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells
d)
just like mitosis
47.
The Nucleus is 
a)
an organelle that protects the DNA
b)
an organelle that makes ATP (Energy)
c)
The outer edge of the cell
d)
the "X" shape structure that is made of DNA
48.
Select the answer that shows only Genotypes
a)
Gg, Green
b)
DD, Ff
c)
Tall, Blue
d)
Ss, Square
49.
Select the answer that shows only Phenotypes.
a)
Gg, Green
b)
DD, Ff
c)
Tall, Blue
d)
Ss, Square
50.
Meiosis results in ____ Daughter cells
a)
1/2 the number of
b)
23 
c)
2
d)
4
51.
Human Sex Cells (Eggs and Sperm) have ____ number of chromosomes.
a)
46
b)
92
c)
23
d)
4
52.
Most human cells have ____ Chromosomes.
a)
46
b)
92
c)
23
d)
4
53.

a comparison between two quantities often written with a colon as 3:4

a)

probability

b)

percentage

c)

ratio

d)

equation

54.

A term that describes the allele that determines the phenotype of an individual when two different copies are present in the genotype

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

c)

homozygous

d)

probability

55.

The basic unit of heredity that consists of a segment of DNA on a chromosome

a)

chromosome

b)

double helix

c)

homozygous

d)

gene

56.

An organism that inherits two of the same alleles from its parents

a)

dominant

b)

phenotype

c)

heterozygous

d)

homozygous

57.

A term that describes an allele that is not expressed when combined with a dominant form of the allele

a)

gene

b)

recessive

c)

homozygous

d)

phenotype

58.

The likelihood or chance that a specific outcome will occur out of a total number of outcomes

a)

heredity

b)

probability

c)

percentage

d)

ratio

59.

The trait expressed if you inherit Ff is the

a)

genotype

b)

dominant trait

c)

recessive trait

d)

homozygous

60.

An individual that shows the recessive trait for red hair would have which genotype?

a)

RR

b)

Rr

c)

rr

d)

rR

61.

Which of these would express the dominant trait?

a)

rR

b)

RR

c)

Rr

d)

All of the above

62.

How many different genotypes for the dominant trait exist?

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

none

63.

If pink grapefruit is dominant over yellow grapefruit, which are the possible genotypes for the pink grapefruit?

a)

pp and Pp

b)

PP and pp

c)

PP and Pp

d)

only pp

64.

In order for a recessive trait to be expressed,

a)

both alleles have to be recessive

b)

one allele has to be recessive

c)

one allele has to be recessive while the other is dominant

d)

both alleles have to be expressed with capital letters

65.

Features such as height, color, shape

a)

trait

b)

charateristic

c)

alleles

d)

genetics

66.

Specific colors or features (ex: BLUE eyes)

a)

charactertistic

b)

trait

c)

genes

d)

alleles

67.
Which characteristic did Malek most likely inherit from his parents?
a)
his ability to read fast
b)
his need to wear glasses
c)
his ability to speak English
d)
his need to count using his fingers
68.
Which characteristic would most likely be inherited by a baby?
a)
brown hair
b)
crying a lot
c)
ability to jump high
d)
his ability to talk
69.
A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of...
a)
learned behavior
b)
adaptive behavior
c)
inherited behavior
d)
instinctive behavior
70.
Katie observes three birds sitting on a tree branch in her yard. All three birds are red with brown on their chests. Which best explains why the three birds have similar appearances?
a)
The birds have similar diets.
b)
The birds live in the same habitat.
c)
The birds are sitting in the same tree.
d)
The birds are members of the same population.
71.
Which is an example of a learned characteristic?
a)
color of a dog's fur
b)
color blindness of a person
c)
the ability of a mouse to run a maze
d)
a person's ability to roll their tongue
72.

An organism's reproductive cells, or sex cells, are called _____.

a)

bacteria

b)

prokaryotes

c)

gametes

d)

pathogens

73.

A _______ is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule.

a)

gene

b)

gamete

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatid

74.

A _________ is DNA tightly coiled around proteins.

a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

trait

d)

mutation

75.

The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.

a)

chromatids

b)

genes

c)

mutations

d)

pathogens

76.

How many chromosomes does a human body cell have, total?

a)

48

b)

46

c)

23

d)

47

77.

Cells that contain 2 sets of chromosomes are called _________ (2n).

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

c)

triploid

d)

polyploid

78.

Cells that contain only ONE set of chromosomes are called ________ (n).

a)

diploid

b)

polyploid

c)

triploid

d)

haploid

79.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
80.
A mutation is?
a)
Any change in DNA
b)
Any change in RNA
c)
Any change in the genetic code
81.
Which shows a mutated segment of DNA? 
ATTCGC
a)
UAAGCG
b)
TAAGCG
c)
TAGGCG
82.

Mutations that effect gametes and that will be passed on

to the next generation

a)

Genetic change

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Apoptosis

d)

Cell membrane

83.

A change in a gene, group of genes or chromosome that results in a change in the proteins

a)

Replication

b)

Mutations

c)

Translation

d)

Transcription

84.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

which can affect a single gene or group of genes

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Somatic Cell

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Gene Mutation

85.

Students construct an obstacle course and watch a hamster successfully navigate through it. This is an example of-

a)

an inherited trait

b)

a learned behavior

c)

a structure

d)

a function

86.

which is an inherited trait?

a)

speaking spanish

b)

bird saying hello

c)

cat using a litter box

d)

spines on a cactus

87.

What is the difference between learned behavior and inherited trait?

a)

Learned behaviors are taught, and inherited traits are passed down from parent to child.

b)

Learned behaviors take years to acquire, and inherited traits take only a short time.

c)

Learned behavior are difficult to accomplish, and inherited traits are easy to accomplish.

d)

Learned behaviors are passed down from parent to child, and inherited traits are taught to children.

88.

What trait does a parent cactus pass down to its offspring?

a)

weather conditions

b)

needle shape

c)

location

d)

age

89.
What is an adaptation?
a)
A feature or behavior that helps an animal survive.
b)
The food that an animal eats.
c)
How energy moves in a food web.
d)
How animals evolve throughout time.
90.
How do adaptations help animals?
a)
to hide from predators
b)
to hunt for food
c)
to survive in their habitats
d)
All of these are correct
91.
An animal's color or pattern that helps it blend into its surroundings
a)
Environment 
b)
Mimicry
c)
Camouflage
d)
Habitat
92.
The ears of this fox are an example of...
a)
A behavioral adaptation
b)
Poor breeding
c)
A physical adaptation
d)
Plastic surgery gone horribly wrong
93.

The variety of genes and alleles that exist in organisms

a)

independent assortment

b)

chromosomal abnormalities

c)

genetic diversity

d)

mutations

94.

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic diversity?

a)

mutation

b)

segregation of homologs

c)

independent assortment of homologous pairs

d)

mitosis

95.

Any change in the sequence of DNA is a

a)

recombination

b)

mutation

c)

chromatin

d)

independent assortment

96.

Process used to make more of its own kind, but with only one parent

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

development

d)

growth

97.

Joining of an egg cell and sperm cell from two different organisms

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

growth

d)

development

98.

Type of asexual reproduction that produces two identical cells

a)

vegetative propagation

b)

binary fission

c)

budding

d)

regeneration

99.

Type of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows out of the parent organism

a)

vegetative propagation

b)

binary fission

c)

budding

d)

regeneration

100.

Type of asexual reproduction that helps an organism regrow a damaged body part

a)

binary fission

b)

vegetative propagation

c)

budding

d)

regeneration

101.

Male widow birds (Euplectus progne) have very long tail feathers. What evidence would support the claim that these tails are used by the birds to attract mates and lead to reproductive success?

a)

In every generation, the small number of males with the longest tail feathers produce the greatest number of offspring.

b)

Even though the wingspan of males does not exceed 15 centimeters, some males have tail feathers 50 centimeters long.

c)

Only the males of the species have long tail feathers, and the females always have much shorter tail feathers.

d)

The males with the longest tail feathers are the easier to locate in their habitat than those with shorter tail feathers.

102.

Which of the following plant adaptations allows plants to use animals to transport their seeds to new locations?

a)

strong stems

b)

sweet fruit

c)

deep roots

d)

large leaves

103.

Two brown-eyed parents can produce a child with blue eyes. Which of the following best explains how this is possible?

a)

Blue eyes are an adaptation that can help the survival of humans.

b)

Eye color is always a mixture of the traits of both parents.

c)

Over many generations some characteristics become more frequent.

d)

The genes passed on by the parents can combine in a new way in the child.

104.

The offspring of sexually reproducing organisms can be distinguished from the offspring of asexually reproducing organisms by studying which of the following?

a)

The extent of variety in the genetic information in the population of offspring

b)

The diet and habitat requirements for each individual organism

c)

The average amount of time involved between fertilization and birth of the offspring

d)

The relative sizes in height of the organisms when they reach adulthood

105.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
106.
In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
107.

Meiosis produces daughter cells that are:

a)

genetically identical

b)

genetically different

c)

zygotes

d)

germ cells

108.

An organism has 36 chromosomes in its genome (all the chromosomes it has). What would be the correct diploid number?

a)

36

b)

72

c)

18

d)

2

109.

An organism has 36 chromosomes in its genome (all the chromosomes it has). What would be the correct haploid number?

a)

36

b)

72

c)

18

d)

2

110.

All of the following create genetic variation EXCEPT..

a)

Mutations

b)

DNA Replication

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

Crossing Over

111.

Fertilization...

a)

happens randomly

b)

is controlled by the sperm cells

c)

is controlled by the egg cells

d)

results in individuals have identical traits to their parents

112.

The products of meiosis are (select all that apply)

a)

genetically different daughter cells

b)

haploid cells

c)

diploid cells

d)

identical cells

113.

Meiosis is different from mitosis in that..

a)

it creates identical daughter cells and mitosis does not.

b)

it reduces the number of chromosomes by half whereas mitosis keeps the same number

c)

meiosis and mitosis are not different at all

d)

meiosis creates two daughter cells and mitosis creates four

114.
What is the cause for all variation within a population?
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Adaptation
c)
Mutation
d)
Environmental Changes
115.
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment refers to its
a)
Fitness
b)
Variation
c)
Selection
d)
Mutation
116.
Ten brown mice and ten white mice are placed in a desert environment. What will happen to the white population over time?
a)
It will increase
b)
It will decrease
c)
It will stay the same
d)
There is no way to tell
117.

What is genetic variation?

a)

the similarities between organisms in their DNA

b)

the difference in organisms because of their unique DNA

c)

the variation of giraffes

d)

the way we are born

118.

You get exactly ________ of your genetic material from each parent?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

119.
Why do peppered moths tend to be the same color as the trees on which they live?
a)
The coloring goes along with tasting like the tree. 
b)
It keeps the moth the same temperature as the tree. 
c)
It makes the moths faster than the birds
d)
It makes the moths harder to see.
120.
Which of these is an example of natural selection?
a)
The largest animal in a population will have more opportunities for reproduction.
b)
Several species of organisms work together so that they all succeed.
c)
One species takes all the resources in an environment leaving none for others.
d)
Organism that are best suited to an environment tend to survive and reproduce more often.
121.
Humans have been a very successful species on earth.  They have very large, very diverse populations spread all around the world. As a result,
a)
Human have very limited ability to adapt to changes in the environment.
b)
Young humans have lower survival rates as compared to other species.
c)
Humans have a potential to adapt to various environmental changes.
d)
All humans are more disease resistant.
122.

What is natural selection?

a)

process in which helpful traits become more common over time

b)

a trait that helps an organism survive better

123.

Adaptations can be:

a)

camouflage

b)

ability to survive cold weather

c)

hunting skills

d)

all of the above

124.

Differences in traits are called:

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic variations

c)

artificial selection

d)

adaptations

125.

Selective breeding is...

a)

a process to create an organism with desired traits from parents with those desired traits

b)

natural method of producing offspring with desired traits

c)

creating a new species

d)

making organisms reproduce during times of stress

126.

One problem with selective breeding is

a)

creating a new species

b)

gene variety is lost

c)

extinction of a species

127.

Which of these is the first step in selective breeding flowers.

a)

Repeat the process only with the offspring with the desired traits

b)

watch the seeds grow

c)

Choose plants that have the desired trait to pollinate

d)

chose which trait is desirable

128.

Which of these is the second step in selective breeding flowers.

a)

Choose which trait is desirable

b)

Watch the seeds grow

c)

Choose plants that have the desired trait to pollinate

d)

Repeat the process only with the offspring with the desired traits.

129.

Which of these is the third step in selective breeding flowers.

a)

Choose which trait is desirable

b)

Watch the seeds grow

c)

Choose plants that have the desired trait to pollinate

d)

Repeat the process only with the offspring with the desired traits.

130.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

131.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
132.

Selective breeding is where ___________ decides which traits should be passed on

a)

Nature

b)

A human

c)

Mrs. Yezak

d)

The illuminati

133.

When farmers breed specific plants to produce fruits with specific traits

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

134.

a photograph or picture of chromosomes grouped in ordered pairs is a ______________

a)

pedigree

b)

Punnett Square

c)

Venn Diagram

d)

Karyotype

135.
Which sex chromosomes would indicate a typical human male?
a)
XX
b)
X
c)
XY
d)
XXY

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