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WorksheetsUnit 1&2 Revision
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 52mins
Identify the difference between active and passive transport.
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases
Active uses hormones and passive does not
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
True
False
When you are hot, your body sweats to cool you down. This means your temperature went above normal and your body sweats to counteract that change to bring you back to normal. What kind of feedback loop would this be?
Linear Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
Neutral Feedback Loop
Negative Feedback Loop
Identify the responder to messages from the CNS.
Receptor
Effector
CNS
Nerves
A hormone is
A chemical
A chemical messenger that relays messages
A nervous signal
A chemically balanced substrate that stimulates growth
An organism that has a stable body temperature should be classed as:
Poikilotherm
Endotherm
Ectotherm
Exotherm
What is the reason why smaller mammals have higher metabolic rates?
Higher SA:V ratios
Lower Lifespans
Lower SA:V ratios
More Frequent Exposure to Predators
Identify which response is considered a structural adaptation in maintaining body heat.
Insulin production
Hibernation
Insulation
Thermogenesis
Identify which organism is an osmoconformer.
Lobster
Humans
Giraffes
Whale
Endocytosis is a form of active transport that moves what type of molecule across the cell membrane?
Water soluble
Large and polar
Fat soluble
Large and non-polar
Phagocytosis is the transport of...
Large molecules
Liquid particles
Small insoluble molecules
Solid particles
The process depicted in the image is:
Endocytosis
Active transport
Exocytosis
Osmosis
Draw a conclusion about the movement that would occur across the semipermeable membrane.
The water will move right and the solutes will move left.
The water will move left and the solutes will move right.
The water will move right and the solutes will move right.
The water will move right and the solutes will remain.
The endosymbiotic theory is related to:
Plants and animals
Cell differentiation
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Symbiotic relationships
Recall the 4 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Ribosomes, genetic material cytoplasm and cellular respiration.
Ribosomes, cellular respiration, genetic material and cytoplasm.
Genetic material, cytoplasm, cellular respiration and cell membrane.
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, genetic material and ribosomes.
The things that prokaryotes lack that eukaryotes have are:
Membrane bound organelles, a nucleus, large size and DNA.
Membrane bound organelles, plastids, a nucleus and large size.
Membrane bound organelles and a nucleus.
Membrane bound organelles, large size and a nucleus.
The organelle responsible for removal of waste from cells is:
The nephron
The mitochondria
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
The lysosome
Name the inner folds of the mitochondria membrane.
(a)
Identify how the enzyme-substrate complex was formed.
Lock and key model
Induced fit model
By lowering the activation energy required
By lowering the energy given off from the reaction
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
Identify the reactants of cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6C6H12O6 + 6O2
6C6H12O6 + O2
In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration takes place in two stages. They are:
glycolysis, then fermentation
electron transport chain, then fermentation
glycolysis, then aerobic respiration
glycolysis, then the Calvin cycle
Plants need carbon dioxide from their environment to produce glucose during which stage of photosynthesis?
The light-dependent stage
The light-independent stage
The electron transport chain
ATP formation
What molecule absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Grana
Thylakoid
Chlorophyll
Which of the following cells has the ability to form any tissue in the body?
blastoycst
multipotent
pluripotent
totipotent
The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.
Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell
Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types
Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization
Sincce all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function
Which of the following are features of the alveoli that have adapted to help them with gas exchange?
large surface area
thick
dry
low blood flow
Identify the features of villi that increase absorption in the digestive system.
Small, thin, moist, large SA:V
Thin, moist, large SA:V, a concentration gradient
Thin, small, a concentration gradient, large SA:V
Small, moist, large SA:V, a concentration gradient
The end product of the digestive enzyme amylase is:
Glucose
Amino acids
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
The different types of toxic nitrogenous waste are:
ammonia and nitric acid
ammonia, nitric acid and urea
ammonia and urea
urea and nitric acid
Which hormone regulates water levels for osmoregulation?
Adrenaline
ADH
HGH
Serotonin
Structures B and C are responsible for what process?
Selective reabsorption
Secretion
Filtration
Reabsorption
When is O2 released into the atomsphere from a plant?
During transpiration
When the guard cells are flacid
During the day
When the temperature is high
The purpose of the spongy mesophyll layer in a leaf is
Photosynthesis
Water retention
Gas exchange
Light absorption
Identify the 2 types cells in the xylem.
tracheids and sieve plates
tube cells and vessel elements
sieve plates, tube cells and companion cells
tracheids and vessel elements
In the phloem, space is required for the transport of sugars and nutrients. The sieve tube cells have what special structure to aid this process?
Become woody and strong to prevent bending
Share cytoplasm
Have a nucleus pushed to the side to allow for more space
Have large vacuoles to store the sugars
Water and dissolved minerals enter the root hairs of a plant via what process?
Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Adhesion is____________________________ while cohesion is ______________________
the force of attraction between water molecules
the force of attraction between water and the sides of the tube
the force of attraction between water and the sides of the tube
the force of attraction between water molecules
You can increase the transpiration rate of a plant by:
Increasing the humidity of the environment
Increase the light availability
Remove the wind
Decrease the temperature
Translocation is the movement of what through the phloem?
Water
Gulcose
Starch
Sucrose
According to the feedback loop, what does high blood sugar promote?
Insulin Uptake
Insulin Release
Glucagon Release
Glycogen Uptake
The "cause" for something to happen is the
Effect
Response
Homeostasis
Stimulus
When someone is shivering, this is an example of what type of thermoregulatory response?
Structural
Behavioural
Physiological
Homeostatic Mechanism
Which side of the diagram shows an anabolic reaction?
Left side
Right side
Both sides
Neither side
An example of an effector would be:
The brain
The skin
The skeleton
The hypothalamus
Upregulation can be defined as:
inhibiting cells from producing any hormones until a downregulation trigger is received.
when a cell is prompted to produce less of a particular cellular component, such as enzymes or receptors.
prompting cells to produce all possible hormones in a hormone flush.
when a cell is prompted to produce more of a particular cellular component, such as enzymes or receptors.
When a hormonal signal molecule binds to its receptor protein, the receptor becomes activated. The next step in signal transduction is..
the signal is passed onto the molecule beside it, which then stimulates the next molecule etc.
a response is elicited.
sets of an intracellular signalling cascade.
an effector protein receives the message.
A xerophyte is typically found is what ecosystem?
A reef ecosystem.
A desert ecosystem.
A rainforest ecosystem.
A dry sclerophyll forest ecosystem.
A halophyte is typically found in what type of ecosystem?
A river ecosystem.
A desert ecosystem.
A rainforest ecosystem.
A mangrove ecosystem.
Antibodies are only effective against a specific pathogen because:
The shape of the antibody is the same as the shape of the antigen on the pathogen
Antibodies cause a primary immune response
Antibodies cause the innate immune response
The shape of the antibody is complementary to the shape of the antigen on the pathogen
A person produces antibodies to influenza after vaccination. This is an example of:
Natural (passive) immunity
Artificial (passive) immunity
Natural (active) immunity
Artificial (active) immunity
A pathogen that secretes enzymes into their host is:
Bacteria
Fungi
Protist
Virus
An example of a non-infectious disease would be
Multiple sclerosis
Malaria
A cold
Tuberculosis
The measure of the pathogenicity of an organism is:
Infectivity
Virulence
Pathogenesis
Toxicity
The body recognises a disease by its
pathogen
antibodies
antigens
DNA
Chemical secretions from the skin give protection against pathogens by
preventing pathogens from attaching to the skin.
creating an acidic environment preventing the pathogen from colonising.
causing a pathogen to ingest them leading to lysis.
creating an environment that doesn't allow pathogens to produce offspring.
A role of macrophages is to
create antibodies.
stimulate B lymphocytes.
produce natural t killer cells.
identify the pathogen.
The molecule that signals for the inflammatory response to begin is:
cytokines
chemotaxis
macrophages
chemokines
Vasodilation is caused by
Chemotaxis
Neutrophils
Inflammation
Prostaglandins
The complement system is apart of which section of the immune response?
Innate immune response
Adapative immune response
The key characteristic of a lymphocyte is
that they are a stronger response.
that they are a faster response.
that they have a capacity to remember.
all of the above.
Antigens are produced by
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Pathogens
Memory cells
Identify which is not one of the four ways antibodies can lead to the destruction of pathogens
stimulates inflammation
activate the complement system
opsonisation
agglutination
Identify the cell responsible for killing infected cells in cell-mediated immunity.
B lymphocytes
Prostaglandins
Macrophages
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
A key characteristic of a primary response to an invading pathogen would be
rapid start
slow start
memory cells activated
high production of antibodies
Active immunity is
immunity formed from antibodies being passed on from mother to foetus via the placenta
immunity formed from the immune system being stimulated by a pathogen
immunity formed from antibodies being passed from mothers to baby via breast milk
immunity formed from antibody serum injection
Vaccines are considered
active immunity
passive immunity
Transmission of disease is not facilitated by
global travel
mass gatherings
good personal hygiene
slums
An endemic is considered
a disease that is uncommon and irregular
a disease that spreads to multiple continents or throughout the world
a increase in number of cases that is above what is considered normal
a disease at a relatively constant rate
Mechanisms of transmission
affect the pathogens ability to attach to it's host
affect the pathogens ability to persist in a host
affect the pathogens ability to spread
affect the hosts ability to move around
Herd immunity is when
a small population isolate and never get the disease
half of the community is immune and the other half are susceptible to the disease
some of the population are immunised and some are not against the disease
a large portion of the population is immune to the disease and too few are susceptible.
Which of the following is not a strategy to prevent the transmission of disease?
Festivals for personal hygiene
Contact tracing
Quarantine
Temperature screening
