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Unit 6: Sexual Reproduction & Genetics

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is an allele?

a)

Different versions of a gene

b)

When a cell doubles in size

c)

Process of fertilization

d)

A condensed chromatin

2.

What is a body cell called?

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

3.

What is a sex cell called?

a)

Gamete

b)

Diploid

4.

Why do sex cells contain half the number of chromosomes as the organism's body cells?

a)

They are special

b)

When the egg and sperm cell combine, they make a complete set

c)

They don't contain half, they contain 46 chromosomes

d)

Babies have half the normal number of chromosomes, and as you get older, you get more. By the time you are an adult, you have 46 chromosomes

5.

What is a chromatid?

a)

Made up of DNA and proteins

b)

One copy of duplicated chromosomes

c)

Compacted chromatin

d)

A centromere

6.

Sexual reproduction results in

a)

Genetically unique offspring

b)

Genetically identical offspring

7.

Sexual reproduction results in

a)

No variation

b)

Large amounts of variation

8.

Which of the following is the female animal gamete?

a)

Sperm

b)

Egg

c)

Pollen

d)

Teste

9.

Which of the following describes the main advantages of sexual reproduction?

a)

requires lots of time/energy

b)

no new gene combos can arise

c)

genetic diversity

d)

looks identical to the parent

10.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
11.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid gametes
d)
four haploid gametes
12.
If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is
a)
18
b)
9
c)
27
d)
36
13.
A human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.
a)
46
b)
23
c)
92
d)
64
14.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization
15.

Crossing-over is an efficient way to produce _________ ____________which increases genetic diversity

a)

genetic variation

b)

genetic recombination

c)

genetic elements

16.

A zygote is formed by ___________ of a male and female gamete.

a)

fertilization

b)

division

c)

reduction

d)

addition

17.
The female sex cell
a)
sperm cell
b)
egg cell
c)
sex cell
d)
female cell
18.

distinct structures that DNA is divided into in the nucleus

a)

genes

b)

chromosomes

c)

hybrid

d)

mitosis

19.

reproduction that does not involve combining DNA of individuals; offspring are identical to parent

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

c)

heredity

d)

prophase

20.

organism that is a combination of two different alleles of an organism (ie. Long hair + short hair = medium hair)

a)

hybrid

b)

genes

c)

chromosomes

d)

dominant

21.

something that overshadows or covers a lesser version of that thing

a)

hybrid

b)

genes

c)

dominant

d)

mitosis

22.

the process of using the DNA code to produce the physical traits of an organism

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

mitosis

c)

heredity

d)

gene expression

23.

the stage during which chromosomes condense and become visible

a)

mitosis

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

prophase

d)

gene expression

24.

the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

a)

mitosis

b)

chromosomes

c)

gene expression

d)

heredity

25.

Males produce sex cells called ________ cells

a)

sperm

b)

male

c)

egg

d)

sex

26.

Which of the following best explains the difference between the terms “genetics” and “heredity”?

a)

Genetics is the study of recessive traits; heredity is the study of dominant traits.

b)

Genetics is the study of dominant traits; heredity is the study of recessive traits.

c)

Genetics is the study of genes; heredity is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next.

d)

Genetics is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next, heredity is the study of genes.

27.
Segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for protein synthesis and controls a particular inherited trait as well as genetic disorders.
a)
Gene
b)
Pedigree
c)
Punnett Square
d)
Dominant
28.
What determines gender in humans? 
a)
the X and Y chromosome
b)
chromosome 21
c)
codominance
d)
epistasis
29.
Binary fusion is a type of sexual reproduction
a)
True
b)
False - it is a type of asexual reproduction
c)
is the reproduction used in bacteria
d)
it is not a type of reproduction
30.

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

31.

having two different alleles for a particular gene

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

32.

genetic makeup of an organism (Ex. TT)

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

33.

physical characteristics of an organism (appearance)

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

34.

Assuming tall is dominant, how likely is it that these two parents will have a tall child?

a)

100%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

25%

e)

0%

35.

What type of non-mendelian inheritance is this an example of?

a)

codominance

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

complete dominance

d)

polygenetic trait

36.
Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Would Squidward be considered a purebred or hybrid for light blue skin?
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
37.

The circles on this Pedigree represent, __________.

a)

Males

b)

Females

c)

Dogs

d)

Cats

38.

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.

a)

Punnett Square

b)

Pedigree

c)

GMO

d)

Selective Breeding

39.

A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Recessive Trait

40.
Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait (c) carried on the X chromosome. Using the pedigree with the key provided, what is the genotype of person II-4?
a)
XCXc
b)
XCXC or XCXc
c)
XcXc
d)
Not enough information to determine
41.
Some traits involve more than two genes, blood type in humans is an example. What type of inheritance is this?
a)
Codominant
b)
Incomplete dominant
c)
Basic dominant/recessive
d)
Multiple Alleles
42.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
43.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
44.
Which letter(s) in the diagram correspond to cells that are haploid? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A and B
45.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
46.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
47.
What do experts say is the most common form of Down Syndrome?
a)
Trisomy 47
b)
Trisomy 46
c)
Trisomy 21
d)
Trisomy 23
48.
Females have ____ and males have _____ chromosomes.
a)
XX, XY
b)
XY, XX
c)
XX, XX
d)
XY, XY
49.
What is this?
a)
Trisomy 13
b)
Monosomy 21
c)
47, XXY
d)
Trisomy 21
50.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
51.
a)

INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION

b)

TAKES PLACE IN PROPHASE I

c)

CROSSING OVER

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

52.
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization, the probability of producing a female is
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
90%
53.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
54.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
55.
What phase is this?
a)
Interphase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
56.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
Anaphase I
57.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Telophase II
58.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Metaphase II
b)
Telophase I
c)
Telophase II
d)
Metaphase I
59.
What phases is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Anaphase II
d)
Interphase I
60.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase II
b)
Anaphase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Interphase I
61.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase I
b)
Metaphase II
c)
Telophase II
d)
Anaphase I
62.
A single cross such as flower color.
a)
mono hybrid
b)
dihybrid
c)
crossing over
d)
homozygous
63.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Disney

d)

Washington

64.
What type of "square" helps us solve genetic problems?
a)
carpenter square
b)
Mendel square
c)
Punnett square
d)
genetic square
65.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
66.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
67.
Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?
a)
YY,yy
b)
Yy,yy
c)
YY only
d)
YY,Yy
68.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
69.
Females-XX; MalesXY.  A couple has 4 girls.  What is the chance the next child will be a boy?
a)
75%
b)
100%
c)
25%
d)
50%
70.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
71.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
72.
Why are your chromosomes arranged in pairs?
a)
Scientists have no idea
b)
Because you get one from your mom and one from your dad
c)
Because pairs can divide easier
d)
Because DNA is awesome
73.
has more than 2 variations
a)
regulatory genes
b)
multiple alleles
c)
mendelian inheritance
74.
phenotypes that is a blend of the heterozygous gene pair
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
multiple alleles
c)
regulatory genes
75.
trait shows only if both parents pass it on
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
codominan
76.
rule where genes come in only dominant or recessive
a)
Regulatory Genes
b)
Mendelian Inheritance
c)
Incomplete Dominance
77.

A mom with a dominant HOMOZYGOUS gene of a hitchhiker's thumb and a dad with a homozygous recessive gene for a straight thumb. What is the baby's phenotype?

a)

50% straight thumb

b)

100% Hitchhiker's Thumb

c)

25% Hitchhiker's Thumb

78.

A mom with the heterozygous gene for Widows peak and a father with the heterozygous gene for Widows peak: odds their baby HAS a widow's peak?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

75%

d)

100%

79.

If a mother has the homozygous dominant trait FF, what is her phenotype?

a)

Freckles

b)

Tall

c)

No PTC taste

d)

Widow's Peak

80.
What law states that in Tt the person will only show the dominant allele
a)
law of segregation
b)
law of independent assortment
c)
law of dominance
d)
law of punnett squares
81.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
82.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
83.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
84.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
85.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
86.
W=white hair
w= non-white hair
If you cross a horse with WW and a horse with ww what fraction of the offspring would be expected to have white hair?
a)
none
b)
3/4
c)
1/2
d)
all
87.
Term for an organism that display two dominant phenotypes at the same time
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
linked genes
88.
Incomplete dominance means that the traits are
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
89.
Which of the following is homozygous dominant?
a)
Yy
b)
Y
c)
yy
d)
YY
90.
The mathematical chance that something will happen is known as...
a)
chance
b)
luck
c)
probability
91.
What would the ratio for genotypes be for this Punnett Square?
a)
2Bb:2bb
b)
2BB:2Bb
c)
1BB:2Bb:1bb
d)
4Bb
92.
G = dominant green and y = recessive yellow
A fish has a Gy genotype, what will its phenotype be?
a)
yellow
b)
green
c)
greenish-yellow
d)
red
93.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
94.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
95.

What goes in box 3

a)

Aabb

b)

AABB

c)

AAbb

d)

aaBb

96.
What genotype is missing from this Punnett Square?
a)
RrYy
b)
RRYY
c)
rryy
d)
RrYY
97.
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
1/16
d)
16/16
98.
A male beetle has the genotype Ttbb. If this beetle mates with a female with genotype TTBb, what is the chance their offspring will have the genotype TtBb?
a)
3/16
b)
4/16
c)
8/16
d)
12/16
99.
Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r  = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
100.
What proportion of the offspring in Figure 11-4 would be expected to have white, smooth hair?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
4/16
d)
1/16
101.

A white mouse with red eyes is crossed with a black mouse with brown eyes. The white mouse is recessive for both of its traits. The black mouse is dominant for both of its traits.

This cross would be

a)

BBEE x bbee

b)

BBEe x BbEe

c)

BbEE x BbEe

d)

BBee x BBEE

102.

What percent of the parakeets from this cross look like the first parent in P1?

a)

7

b)

8

c)

9

d)

11

103.

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X R X r ?

a)

male with white eyes

b)

female with red eyes

c)

male with red eyes

d)

female with white eyes

104.

H= normal blood clotting

h=hemophilia


XHXh x XHY


What is the probability that any of their offspring will have hemophilia?

a)

4/4

b)

3/4

c)

2/4

d)

1/4

105.
The visual representation of an individual's chromosomes is a 
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
karyotype
d)
stereotype
106.
When we say that a woman is a carrier for a genetic disease or disorder it means that
a)
she has 1 gene, but not the disorder
b)
she has 2 genes for the disorder
c)
she can pass the gene only to male children
d)
she can pass the gene only to female children
107.
Males are more likely to suffer from a sex-linked disease or disorder because
a)
males are the weaker sex
b)
males have less DNA
c)
males have 1 X chromosome, so the disorder is more likely to be expressed
108.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
109.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
110.

If the offsprings have the blood groups O and A the genotype of parents would be

a)

IAIA and IAi

b)

IA i and ii

c)

IAIA and IAIA

d)

IA i and IBi

111.

What are the blood types of the possible children that a woman (type O) and man (type AB) can have?

a)

O and AB

b)

O and A

c)

O and B

d)

A and B

112.

There are multiple alleles for the ABO blood group. Why are only two of these alleles present in any one individual?

a)

Each parent contributes only one allele for the ABO blood group to the offspring.

b)

There are not enough nucleotides in a red blood cell to produce a third allele.

c)

Each allele in the ABO group must be dominant or recessive

d)

Blood group alleles are not segregated during meiosis.

113.

If a person has type B blood, the phenotype is B. What can the genotype be?

a)

IBIB or IBi

b)

IAIA or IAi

c)

IAIB

d)

ii

114.

A personal with type AB blood has which genotype?

a)

type A

b)

AA

c)

IAIA

d)

IAIB

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