Area of stem where leaves are attached; Alternate or spiral

(a)  

A woody twig consists of what?

(a)  

Leaves spiral around the stem

(a)  

Leaves Attached in pairs

(a)  

leave in groups of three or more

(a)  

Stem region between nodes

(a)  

flattened part of the leaf is called?

(a)  

leaf is attached to the twig by what?

(a)  

arrangement of leaves on stem

(a)  

Angle between petiole and stem

(a)  

the bud located in the axil

(a)  

what protects buds?

(a)  

where are terminal buds are located where?

(a)  

meristems within them produce tissues that make the twig grow longer during the growing season

(a)  

Paired, often leaflike appendages at base of a leaf

(a)  

Axillary buds may become what?

(a)  

Deciduous trees and shrubs lose all leaves (a)  

After leaves fall, have dormant axillary buds with leaf scars below

(a)  

Bundle scars mark what within leaf scars?

(a)  

apical meristems are at the tip of every what?

(a)  

Dormant before growing season begins; increases the length of the stem

(a)  

(a)   is Protected by bud scales and by leaf primordia

Tiny embryonic leaves that develop into mature leaves

(a)  

Apical meristem cells form 3 primary meristems what are they?

(a)  

Gives rise to epidermis

(a)  

Produces primary xylem and phloem

(a)  

Produces pith and cortex, both composed of parenchyma cells

(a)  

what are the primary tissues produced by apical meristems?

(a)  

Leaf primordia and bud primordia develop into what as the primary tisues are produced?

(a)  

As each leaf and bud develop a strand of xylem and phloem called (a)   that branched off from the cylinder of xylem and phloem extending up and down the stem and enter the leaf or bud

filled with parenchyma in the cylinder of vascular tissue, forming leaf gap or bud gap

(a)  

Narrow band of cells between the primary xylem and primary phloem

(a)  

what cells produced by the vascular cambium

(a)  

Cells produced by the vascular cambium become components of what?

(a)  

cork cambium is also what?

(a)  

In many plants (a)   produces cork cells with suberin and phelloderm cells

a waxy substance that makes the cells impervious to moisture

(a)  

Function to reduce water loss and to protect stem against injury

(a)  

Parenchyma cells in cork for exchange of gases

(a)  

Central cylinder of primary xylem, primary phloem, and pith (if present

(a)  

Solid core, phloem surrounds xylem; In primitive seed plants, whisk ferns, club mosses and ferns; found in roots of flowering plants and dicots, simplest form of stele

(a)  

Tubular with pith in center; Common in ferns

(a)  

Discrete vascular bundles; In flowering plants and conifers (only found in the stem)

(a)  

Seed leaves attached to embryonic stems; Store food needed by young seedling

(a)  

Flowering plants that develop from seeds having two cotyledons

(a)  

Flowering plants that develop from seeds with a single cotyledon

(a)  

Plants that die after going from seed to maturity within one growing season; Usually green, herbaceous plants

(a)  

Most monocots are what?

(a)  

Herbaceous dicots have discrete (a)   arranged in a cylinder

(a)   arises between primary xylem and primary phloem

Vascular cambium adds what?

(a)  

Wood =

(a)  

Vascular cambium and cork cambium that is active all year makes what kind of wood?

(a)  

If wood produced seasonally it makes what kind of wood?

(a)  

Relatively large vessel elements of secondary xylem produced

(a)  

Fewer, smaller vessel elements in proportion to tracheids and fibers

(a)  

what is absent In conifers?

(a)  

One year’s growth of xylem =

(a)  

Vascular cambium produces more _____________ then ____________?

(a)  

Bulk of tree trunk consists of what?

(a)  

annual rings can indicate what its lifetime?

(a)  

Vascular Rays consist of (a)   that function in lateral conduction of nutrients and water.

Part of ray within xylem

(a)  

Part of ray through phloem

(a)  

Prevent conduction of water

(a)  

Resins, gums, and tannins accumulate, and darken wood, forming what?

(a)  

Older, darker wood in center

(a)  

Lighter, still-functioning xylem closest to cambium

(a)  

Wood of conifers; No fibers or vessel elements

(a)  

Wood of dicot trees

(a)  

Tube-like canals scattered throughout xylem and other tissues

(a)  

these cells are most common in the phloem; they form extensive branched networks of latex-secreting cells originating from rows of meristematic cells

(a)  

Tissues outside the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem

(a)  

Mature bark may consist of alternating layers of crushed what?

(a)  

Monocots stems have neither a ______________ nor a ______________

(a)  

(a)   produce no secondary vascular tissues or cork;

Primary xylem and phloem in discrete vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem

In a typical monocot vascular bundle there are two large ________ with several small _______

(a)  

Phloem consists of what?

(a)  

A vascular bundle is surrounded by a sheath of (a)   cells

Horizontal stems that grow below-ground and have long to short internodes

(a)  

Irises, some grasses, ferns have what kind of stems?

(a)  

Strawberries have what kind of stems?

(a)  

potato have what kind of stems?

(a)  

Horizontal stems that grow above ground and have long internodes

(a)  

Produced beneath the surface of the ground and tend to grow in different directions

(a)  

Swollen, fleshy, underground stem; Store food

(a)  

Eyes of potato are what?

(a)  

Large buds surrounded by numerous fleshy leaves, with a small stem at lower end; Store food

(a)  

Potatoes also have what other kind of specialized stem?

(a)  

Onions, lilies, hyacinths, tulips have what kind of specialized stems?

(a)  

Resemble bulbs, but composed almost entirely of stem tissue, with papery leaves; Store food

(a)  

Flattened, leaf-life stems

(a)  

Crocus and gladiolus have what kind of specialized stems?

(a)  

Greenbriars, some orchids, prickly pear cactus have what kind of specialized stems?

(a)  

In a living tree, (a)   % of the wood weight comes from water content

Dry part of wood composed of about 60-75% _________ and about 15-25% ________

(a)  

Weight per unit volume

(a)  

Ability to withstand decay

(a)  

Tannins and oils repel what?

(a)  

Radially cut boards show annual rings in side view.

(a)  

Tangentially cut boards are cut perpendicular to rays; Shows annual rings as irregular bands of light and dark streaks

(a)  

Bases of lost branches covered by new annual rings produced by the cambium

(a)  

About (a)   % of U.S. and Canadian wood production is used as lumber, primarily for construction

Sawdust and waste used for what?

(a)  

Thin sheet of desirable wood glued to cheaper lumber

(a)  

(a)   is second most widespread use of wood

pulp make what

(a)