WorksheetsBio Exam 1 Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 49mins
Which of the following is NOT related to the five fundamental characteristics of life?
A bacterial cell divides to produce two cells.
Sugars are broken down inside cells to produce energy.
Giraffes have longer necks so that they can reach food sources unavailable to other animals
Pasteur's experiments proved that ________.
spontaneous generation can only occur if nutrient broth is left open to the environment
preexisting cells present in the air can grow in sterilized nutrient broth
sterilizing nutrient broth prevents spontaneous generation
Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. If he had just warmed the nutrient rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment? Cells would ________.
have appeared in both flasks
not have appeared in either flask
have appeared in the swan-neck but not the straight-neck flask
Spontaneous generation ________.
was demonstrated to occur under normal laboratory conditions by Pasteur
apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began
occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species
Cells are ________.
limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameter
characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organisms
The cell theory states that all cells come from preexisting cells. If this is the case, why are the cells in a multicellular organism so different from one another?
Cells in a multicellular organism are exposed to different energy sources allowing them to develop different features.
The genetic information of each cell is copied and passed on to the daughter cells and the molecular machinery makes copies of particular genes in different cells to generate different features in those cells.
During cell division, the genetic information that is replicated and passed onto the daughter cells is different from the original cell.
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.
lack a nucleus, as do archaea, while eukaryotes have a nucleus
have chromosomes composed of single-stranded DNA, while eukaryotes have chromosomes composed of double-stranded DNA
are more closely related to archaea than eukaryotes
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because ________.
protists eat bacteria
bacteria cannot generate their own ATP, protists can
protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses.
Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues.
Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues.
Louis Pasteur's experiment was designed well because ________.
the possible outcomes led to distinct, unambiguous conclusions
simple equipment was used
a major question, spontaneous generation, was tested
A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You say that you think the battery must be dead. If so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery will solve the problem. In doing so, you are ________.
making observations to inspire a theory for why the car will not start
stating a hypothesis and using that hypothesis to make a testable prediction
testing a theory for why the car will not start
In the process of science, which of these is NOT used to test a hypothesis?
A theory
A result
An observation
A controlled experiment ________.
includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment
includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables
includes one group for which the scientist controls all variables
Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?
I. It is testable.
II. It is falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV.It produces results that can be replicated.
III only
I and II
III and IV
Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?
The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.
The control group is matched with the experimental group, except for one experimental variable.
The control group is left alone by the experimenters.
A controlled experiment is one that ________.
proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results
tests experimental and control groups in parallel
is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate
Which of the following statements best distinguishes scientific hypotheses from scientific theories?
Hypotheses describe and theories explain.
Hypotheses are usually narrower in scope; theories have broader explanatory power.
Hypotheses explain and theories describe.
About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
Oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
Why is each element unique with respect to its chemical properties? Each element has a distinctive ________.
number of protons
number of electrons
atomic mass
Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?
The number of neutrons in the element
The number of protons plus neutrons in the element
The number of protons in the element
Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon and has a mass number of 12. However, the average atomic mass of carbon found on a periodic table is slightly more than 12 daltons. Why?
Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons.
Some carbon atoms in nature have an extra proton.
The atomic mass does not include the mass of electrons.
From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has ________.
15 neutrons and 15 protons
8 electrons in its outermost electron shell
15 protons and 15 electrons
A covalent chemical bond is one in which ________.
electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged
protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms
outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals
Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
Ammonia has an overall positive charge.
Ammonia has an overall negative charge.
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.
polar covalent bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
ionic bonds
A covalent bond is likely to be polar when ________.
the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons
one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of single electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds require carbon whereas ionic bonds do not.
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?
1
2
4
Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.
almost empty; anions
almost empty; cations
almost full; cations
When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?
A nonpolar covalent bond
A hydrogen bond
An ionic bond
You need to write down information about a molecule, but you only need to indicate the type and number of atoms it contains. Which representation would work best?
Ball-and-stick model
Structural formula
Molecular formula
Water has a high specific heat because of the ________.
hydrogen bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
covalent bond formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
ionic bonds formed between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
Which of the following is a property of liquid water? Liquid water ________.
has a specific heat that is lower than that for most other substances
has a heat of vaporization that is higher than that for most other substances
is less dense than ice
A scientific theory is:
a concept that is supported by experimental evidence that explains the facts in an area of study.
a way to understand a complex system by reducing it to its working parts.
a way to organize how we think about a problem.
After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle, he proposed that the process of natural selection was a mechanism for:
overpopulation of finches on the Galapagos Islands.
speciation.
evolution.
It is known that many trees lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length. As a result, you think that Gingko trees may also lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length. This statement is an example of:
an experiment
A theory
A hypothesis
Darwin's book in which he described his views on evolution
On the Origin of Species
Survival of the Fittest
Principles of Geology
Multiple independent experiments have demonstrated that phytochrome helps trigger seasonal change responses in the plant such as changing color and loosening of leaves. Plants have the ability adapt to seasonal changes in their surroundings. This statement is an example of:
A theory
An experiment
Inductive reasoning
The term that Darwin used to describe the concept that those with superior physical, behavior or other attributes are more likely to survive than those that are not so well endowed, and thus are more likely to pass their traits to the next generation, is called:
Geometric progression
Superior beings
Natural selection
The area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is the:
orbital
polar space
energy level
Which element's isotope is commonly used to determine when biological samples such as fossils, were formed?
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons are known as:
Ions
Valences
Isotopes
Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of
molecules
isotopes
isomers
Two carbon atoms joined to each other by the sharing of two pairs of electrons, form a(n):
single bond
ionic bond
double covalent bond
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
a covalent bond
a hydrogen bond
an ionic bond
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between charged atoms
Covalent bonds require carbon whereas ionic bonds do not.
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between charged atoms; ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
An atom has 20 electrons and 20 neutrons. What is the mass of this atom?
10
20
40
To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?
pH
specific heat
heat of vaporization
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.
hydrogen bonds
polar covalent bonds
ionic bonds
The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ________.
the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus
the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms
one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom
Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?
Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures.
A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond.
Organisms can resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions.
Why does ice float in liquid water?
The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking.
Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat.
Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
Sue was monitoring the oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico from an oil tanker. From her observations, she noted that the oil was moving as large patches in the water. It did not appear as though the oil was dissolving into the water. Why did the oil not dissolve into the water?
surface tension
Sea water acts as a solvent
hydrophobic interactions
A solution contains 0.0000001 (10−7) moles of hydroxyl ions [OH−] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?
acidic: H+ donor
basic: H+ donor
neutral
All atoms tend to fill their outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons, usually eight. Depending on whether atoms satisfy the octet rule will predict:
the chemical behavior of atoms
whether they will be found in nature
their radioactive energy
In the chemical reaction CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O, there are reactants on the left of the equation and products on the right. If you count the atoms in the reactants, there are
1 carbon atom, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 4 oxygen atoms
4 carbon atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.
1 carbon atom, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.
The two nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas (N2) share six electrons forming a _____.
double covalent bond
hydrogen bond
triple covalent bond
If two substances react and the temperature of the mixture increases, the reaction is
Exothermic
Endothermic
One that needs a catalyst
Consider the following electronegativity values:
Boron (B) = 1.8
Carbon (C) = 2.5
Chlorine (Cl) = 3.2
Selenium (Se) = 2.6
Which of the following bonds is the most polar?
Se-Cl
cannot determine from the info provided
B-Cl
If a reaction is endothermic
The temperature increases
It takes more energy to break the bonds of the reactants than is released when the bonds in the products are formed.
The same amount of energy is used to break the bonds of the reactants as is released when the bonds in the products are formed.
As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign that states: DANGER— RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE. Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet. She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly with:
emit energy in a process called radioactive decay.
Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are stable and as a result emit energy in a process called radioactive decay.
Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are stable and as a result only emit energy if they are exposed to higher temperatures.
In any sample of water, there are always some water molecules which have become ions. These ions are produced by transferring a ________ from one water molecule to another.
Neutron
Proton
Electron
In any sample of water, there are always some water molecules which have become ions. These ions are
H2O + and OH
HO+ and H2O -
H3O + and OH
Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels. In order to become stable, sodium form an ion with:
no charge
-1 charge
+1 charge
Life is thought to have evolved from complex molecules formed by the interaction of smaller molecules in oceans and the atmosphere. The substance which brought these molecules together to interact is
hydrogen
water
salts
