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ES.9 Historical Geology Review

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which layer is the oldest?

a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
2.

In the figure, "T" is _______?

a)

an intrusion

b)

a splitting spike

c)

a contusion

d)

an inclusion

3.

A fossil found over a large area that only existed within a short time period:

a)
a specimen interval
b)
an index fossil
c)
a time differential
d)
an indicator marker
4.
Carbon dating is used on:
a)
organic samples
b)
minerals
c)
metamorphic rocks
d)
igneous rocks
5.
In what order do these appear in the geologic record (oldest to youngest)?
a)
Bacteria, fish, birds, humans
b)
Bacteria, birds, fish, humans
c)
Humans, birds, fish, bacteria
d)
Humans, fish, birds, bacteria
6.

All VA provinces have abundant fossils (and sedimentary rocks) EXCEPT ___________. 

a)
Coastal Plain
b)
Appalachian Plateau
c)
Valley and Ridge
d)
Blue Ridge
7.

Absolute dating uses the ________ to determine the numerical ages of rocks & fossils.

a)
the radioactive decay of material
b)
the depth of the fossil relative to sea level
c)
climate CO concentration
d)
the movement of tectonic plates
8.
The method used when determining if a layer is older or younger from another is:
a)
index dating
b)
relative dating
c)
absolute dating
d)
fossil fractionization
9.

The law of ________ states that older rocks are at the bottom, and younger rocks are at the top.

a)

cross-cutting

b)

intrusive relationships

c)

superposition

d)

original horizontality

10.

The Earth is ______ years old.

a)

4.6 million

b)

4.6 billion

c)

11.3 billion

d)

3.5 billion

11.

Dinosaurs, reptiles, and birds are the dominant life forms of this era:

"middle life"

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

12.

The end of an Era, and the end of life for most of organisms, is often caused by a:

a)

Death

b)

Mass extinction

c)

Transition

d)

Turning point

13.

The end of the Mesozoic Era was most likely caused by?

a)

A meteorite/asteroid

b)

Too much oxygen

c)

Lowering sea levels

d)

An ice age

14.

Which era best represents when humans first appeared on Earth?

"recent life"

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

15.

Use relative age dating to put the rock layers in correct order from oldest to youngest.

a)

B, C, A, D, E

b)

B, C, D, A, E

c)

A, B, C, D, E

d)

E, D, C, B, A

16.

What is the half-life of iodine-131? (read the graph)

a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
17.

The period when huge land plants were dominant and eventually became the coal and oil we use today.

a)

Cambrian

b)

Carboniferous

c)

Jurassic

d)

Miocene

18.

As ____ evolved, they changed Earth’s atmosphere by producing oxygen.

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

reptiles

c)

trilobites

d)

dinosaurs

19.

What type of rock do almost all fossils form in?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Classic

20.

An insect encased in amber is an example of what type of fossil?

a)

carbonaceous film

b)

permineralized replaced remains

c)

trace

d)

preserved original remains

21.

What type of fossil is evidence such as a footprint, burrow, or teeth marks left behind by an animal?

a)

trace fossil

b)

carbon film

c)

petrified fossil

d)

compression & impression

22.

Which of the following environments would NOT

contain fossils?

a)

a thick deposit of dried mud

b)

sediments deposited in a riverbed

c)

layers of sand that become sandstone

d)

intrusive rock formed from cooled magma

23.

Identify the type of fossil that you see here; these are also known as impressions and copies

a)

trace fossil

b)

mold and cast

c)

petrified fossil

d)

unaltered remains

e)

carbon film

24.

Identify the type of fossil that you see here; it is a dark silhouette outline of the plant

a)

mold and cast

b)

petrified fossil

c)

unaltered remains

d)

carbon film

25.

_______is the amount of time for one-half of a radioactive element to decay into a stable isotope

a)

half-life

b)

radiocarbon dating

c)

radiometric dating

d)

radioactivity

26.

a law of relative dating: a magma intrusion or fault is younger than any rock layer it cuts through

a)

inclusions

b)

original horizontality

c)

cross-cutting relationships

d)

angular unconformity

27.

In which environment would you be LEAST likely to find a fossil?

a)

Amber

b)

Tar

c)

Ice

d)

Volcanic ash

e)

Metamorphic rock

28.

The body of an animal will likely become fossilized if:

a)

There is little oxygen present

b)

It has hard parts like bones and teeth

c)

Is rapidly buried in sediment

d)

All choices are correct

29.

Carbon-14 dating can be used to date 65 myo permineralized dinosaur bones (replaced remains):

a)

True

b)

False

30.

If a section of rocks are missing because of erosion, it is called a/an:

a)

Inclusion

b)

Unconformity

c)

Fault

d)

Intrusion

31.

What are the divisions of geologic time based upon?

a)

Dominant life forms present

b)

Fossil records

c)

Major geologic events

d)

All of these

32.

What evidence supports a meteorite impact 65mya caused the dinosaur extinction?

a)

65myo iridium from the meteorite

b)

65myo crater found

c)

No dinosaur fossils younger than 65my

d)

These are all evidence

33.

What is the fossil fuel found and mined in the Appalachian Plateau Province?

a)

Coal

b)

Oil

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Uranium

34.

Going in order from EAST to WEST what are the five Virginia Provinces?

a)

Piedmont, Coastal Plain, Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge

b)

Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont

c)

Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Coastal Plain

d)

Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau

35.

Most of the gravel and sand deposits in Virginia are found in which region?

a)

Coastal Plain

b)

Piedmont

c)

Valley & Ridge

d)

Blue Ridge

36.

Contains deep narrow valleys and steep rugged mountain sides through sedimentary rocks.

Contains sandstone as old as 320 million years old

Coal beds can be found here

a)

Blue Ridge

b)

Piedmont

c)

Appalachian plateau

d)

Valley and Ridge

37.

This region is best known for its rolling hills and valuable resources like kyanite and high quality slate:

a)

Piedmont

b)

Appalachian Plateau

c)

Coastal Plain

d)

Blue Ridge

38.

What is the oldest province?

a)

Coastal Plain

b)

Piedmont

c)

Blue Ridge

d)

Appalachian Plateau

39.

Which province is known for its karst topography?

a)

Piedmont

b)

Coastal Plain

c)

Valley & Ridge

d)

Blue Ridge

40.
The Fall Line is the natural border between the Piedmont and the __________ regions.
a)
Valley and Ridge
b)
Blue Ridge Mountains
c)
Appalachian Plateau
d)
Coastal Plain