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WorksheetsAPES Unit 7 COVID Combined
Total questions: 127
Worksheet time: 4hrs 18mins
Which of the following are direct products from the use of hydrocarbon fuels (gas and diesel) in automobiles?
O, N and CO
CO, Ar and O3
CO2, H2O and O3
CO2, NOx and VOCs
Which of the following are concerns with Particulate Matter?
Can enter the respiratory system leading to other health concerns
Is a greenhouse gas
Leads to an increase in acid rain
Attaches to blood to prevent oxygenation
Where is the "bad" ozone located?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Exosphere
Thermosphere
What is the acronym used to remember most chemical pollutants?
NOSECLIP
NOSCLP
CLEAN AIR
OZONE
Which of the following are examples of VOC's ? (Select 3)
paint and paint thinners
gasoline
water vapor
formaldehyde
smog
Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?
nitric oxides
smog
sulfur dioxide
volatile organic compounds
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?
the USGS
the USDA
the EPA
the USDOJ
Which pollutants result from fossil fuel combustion (list all that apply)?
Sulfur Dioxides
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Oxides
Stratospheric Ozone
Particulate Matter
What are the 6 “criteria pollutants” monitored by the EPA?
(a)
Name the legistation passed in 1970 to monitor and control the six most important air pollutants.
(a)
Criteria pollutant that has been reduced the MOST by actions taken after the Clean Air Act was passed. Removing this from gasoline had the biggest impact.
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Lead Pb
Carbon monoxide CO
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
Sizes of this air pollutant of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, is more dangerous, leading to severe respiratory problems and heart disease.
Lead Pb
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
Particulate matter
Sources of this air pollutant include construction sites, forest fires, fields and smoke stacks (from homes and coal burning powerplants).
Particulate matter
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Lead
Carbon monoxide CO
Secondary pollutant created after nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere and interact with sunlight and other chemicals. Only secondary criteria air pollutant.
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Tropospheric or ground level ozone
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
Lead Pb
Air pollutant that comes from the combustion of primarily coal in factories and power plants. Major contributor to acid precipitation.
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Lead Pb
Particulate matter
Tropospheric ozone
Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can damage nervous system of some animals
SO2
NOx
Pb (Lead)
CO
The principal component of smog
Source: Chemical reaction of VOCs and NOx
Health effects: reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye, nose, and throat irritation,
Environmental effects: can damage plant tissue and lead to decreased productivity
Pb
CO
SO2
O3
Source: burning of fossil fuels (incomplete combustion)
Health effects: Reduces the ability of blood to bring oxygen to the body cells and tissues.
Environmental effects: May interfere with the breathing of animals
Pb
VOCs
CO
SO2
Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry, coal powerplants
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, worsen asthma
Environmental: can irritate respiratory tract of many animals
VOCs
O3
particulate matter (PM)
SO2
The Clean Air Act establishes national standards for the allowable outdoor concentration of _____ criteria air pollutants.
6
4
8
12
Formaldehyde, hydrocarbons that evaporate from gasoline at gas stations are examples of:
CO
NOx
VOCs
the MAIN (not only) source of SO2 and mercury is
gasoline
coal
uranium
Which of the following fossil fuels do not emit SO2, NOx, and PM when used for energy
uranium
natural gas
coal
diesel
gasoline
The main source for photochemical smog (Note: source = WHERE did it come from)
coal powerplants
vehicles that combust gasoline
Which product of incomplete combustion gives photochemical smog its yellowish color?
PANs
Ozone
VOCs
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Common sources of volatile organic compounds include:
Solvents
Paint and Glue
Some Plants
Petroleum
All of the Above
What are 4 characteristics of urban areas with high levels of photochemical smog?
Calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles
High winds, wet weather, cloudy, many industries and vehicles
Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains
Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains, calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles
All of the above
This primary pollutant creates a reddish brown gas creating photochemical smog and tropospheric ozone.
sulfuric acid
VOC
nitrogen dioxide
particulate matter
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?
the USGS
the USDA
the EPA
the USDOJ
The principal component of smog
Source: secondary pollutant that is a Chemical reaction of VOCs and NOx
Health effects: respiratory tract irritant; reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye irritant
Environmental effects: can damage plant tissue and reduce productivity
Pb
CO
SO2
O3
A smog forming chemical
Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source
Health effects: respiratory tract irritant; reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye irritant
Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation which can lower the pH of rivers and lakes
NOx
CO
Pb
VOCs
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products. They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility
What is the most important thing in Photochemical reaction?
Light
temperature
pressure
catalyst
The amount of primary pollutants in the air increases during ___________.
sunlight
high traffic
night time
low traffic
What does a Catalytic Converter do?
Prevents overheating in a reaction
Speeds the reaction of fuel conversion
Reduces harmful emissions
Prevents production of SO2
This atmospheric compound is critical to the planet in its protection against UV radiation, but when found close to the ground is part of photochemical smog that can cause serious health problems.
particulate matter
carbon monoxide
stratospheric ozone
tropospheric ozone
The use of fuel efficient vehicles and increased public transpiration would ______ the rates of photochemical smog
increase
decrease
Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture
Asbestos
Radon
Lead
Carbon Monoxide
Formaldehyde
Which indoor air pollutant is used in insulation and fire resistant materials?
asbestos
formaldehyde
carbon monoxide
radon
Which indoor air pollutant has such small particles that it must be removed by highly qualified contractors to prevent the concentration from being higher after removal?
asbestos
mold
radon
VOCs
Which indoor air pollutant would be produced from burning wood?
asbestos
formaldehyde
VOCs
particulates
The bottom image represents a _____________.
rain shadow effect
thermal inversion
Coriolis Effect
ozone layer
What effect do temperature inversions have?
traps heat and raises the temperature beneath it
traps cold air and lowers the temperature beneath it
traps emissions and can accumulate beneath it
traps the ozone layer
What is the main source of smog for Los Angeles?
car emissions
factory emissions
Both geography and weather contribute to the formation of smog.
True
False
How do temperature Inversions affect air currents?
A layer of cold, polluted air mixes with the warm air from the surface and creates a smog-like layer
A layer of slightly warmer air prevents the warm, polluted air from rising, causing a build up of pollution near the surface
A layer of smoke causes temperatures to lower near the surface of the earth, causing more pollution in the air.
Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?
burning coal
vehicle emissions
The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are
soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires
transportation, soil erosion, and energy production
industry, transportation, and energy production
industry, transportation and agriculture
Uranium 238 decays to make this carcinogenic gas found in the bedrock
Asbestos
Radon
Lead
Thalidomide
This molecule prevents UV radiation from getting to the troposphere
stratospheric ozone
tropospheric ozone
Calcium Carbonate
CFC
Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?
forest fires
lightning
plant emissions
volcano
I nitrogen dioxide
II sulfur dioxide
III VOC's
Thermal inversions
increase the rate of smog formation
trap high concentrations of pollution at ground level in cold air
result in increased levels of acid deposition
reduce the negative effects of VOC's
Acid deposition forms as a result of
nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog
carbon monoxide and VOC's
sulfur dioxide and VOC's
nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides
The effects of acid deposition include
leaching of nutrients from soil
decreased pH of lake water
damage to some man-made structures like statues
decreased aquatic biodiversity
Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions
installation of catalytic converters
increased temperature of combustion
the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions
the use of fluidized bed combustion
Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?
gravitational settling
fabric filters
electrostatic precipitators
catalytic converters
Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant?
sulfur dioxide
carbon monoxide
ozone
lead
Can be used to raise the pH of water, soil, and used in scrubbers
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
HNO3 Nitric acid
CaCO3 calcium carbonate
CO2 and other pollutants are usually measured in units of
pH
percent
decibels
parts per million
What can you predict about indoor air pollution in India and Sub-Saharan Africa?
Homes have more efficient insulation and increased ventilation decreasing indoor air pollution
Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking increases indoor air pollution
Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation decreases indoor air pollution
Use of chemical pesticides on croplands increases indoor air pollution
What is a geologic source of CO2?
Respiration
Decomposition
Volcanoes
Photosynthesis
Which is NOT a criteria air pollutant?
Sulfur dioxide
lead
carbon dioxide
particulate matter
Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when
smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere
a thermal inversion exists in the region
it emits primary pollutants
it emits secondary pollutants
The bottom image represents a _____________.
rain shadow effect
thermal inversion
Coriolis Effect
ozone layer
What is the main source of smog for Los Angeles?
car emissions
factory emissions
What is the source of nitrogen oxides?
Animal and plant processes
Volcanic eruptions and fires
Solvents, glues and paint
Incomplete combustion of gas or diesel fuels in vehicles.
Which of the following is not an example of a volatile organic compound? (VOC)
carbon monoxide
paint thinner
gasoline
air freshener
Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?
burning coal
vehicle emissions
Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?
burning coal
vehicle emissions
I nitrogen dioxide
II sulfur dioxide
III VOC's
Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions
installation of catalytic converters
increased temperature of combustion
the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions
the use of fluidized bed combustion
Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?
wet scrubbers
dry scrubbers
electrostatic precipitators
catalytic converters
In order to reduce the amount of ground-level pollutants (e.g. VOCs, NOX, CO and tropospheric ozone), some municipalities around the globe have instituted all of the following EXCEPT,
installing scrubbers on automobiles
permitting automobiles to be driven only every other day
expanding public transportation networks
carpool/high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on interstates
charging user fees to use certain roads at certain times
Scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators help industries meet the requirements of this
Air Pollution Act
Temperature Inversion Act
Clean Air Act
Which device helps clean car exhausts?
electrostatic precipitator
catalytic converter
scrubber
Which is not part of correcting sick-building syndrome?
removing sources of indoor air pollution
sealing cracks where air leaks into the building
cleaning air ducts
improving ventilation
Wet scrubbers in coal powerplants are used to remove
CO2
SO2
calcium carbonate
NO
particulate matter
Wet scrubbers remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides using a ______solution, they can also remove some PM.
acidic
basic
Dry scrubbers are cheaper and less effective than wet scrubbers. Dry scrubbers remove
SO2
NO
PM
CO2
Electrostatic precipitator--removes _______ like dust at coal power plants; it does not use a filter--it charges the particulate matter then a magnetic plate attracts the dust/particulates.
all pollution
SO2
NO
particulate matter
NOx levels will peak in the __________
AM because of morning traffic
PM because of the sunlight
Tropospheric ozone from photochemical smog will peak in the
am because of morning traffic
pm because of the sunlight
ALMOST all indoor air pollutants will
irritate eye, nose, throat
cause cancer
The indoor air pollutant, _________, grows in response to poor ventilation and increased humidity (water leaks)
radon
mold and mildew
VOCs
formaldehyde
One way to decrease the levels of indoor PM is to
regularly change the air filters
not use a HVAC system
keep the windows closed
seal the cracks in the foundation of your home
Which two primary pollutants most often result in acid rain?
sulfuric dioxide and nitrogen oxide
carbon monoxide and VOCs
ZEVs and VOCs
carbonic acid and citric acid
Electrostatic precipitators can be used to remove this type of air pollutant.
volatile organic compounds
sulfur dioxide
particulate matter
ground level ozone
______________ ______________ is produced when fuels containing sulfur are burned in the presence of oxygen.
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Greenhouse gas
The main source of SO2 and NO when leads to acid deposition is
transportation
nuclear powerplants
coal burning powerplants
Which of the following can be used to decrease SO2 emissions from coal power plants?
using high sulfur coal (lignite)
using electrostatic precipitators
wet scrubbers
dry scrubbers
using low sulfur content coal
Two secondary pollutants that are found in dry acid deposition are
sulfate salts
nitrate salts
sulfuric acid
nitric acid
two secondary pollutants found in acid rain are
sulfuric and nitric acid
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxide
