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Worksheets

APES Unit 7 COVID Combined

Total questions: 127

Worksheet time: 4hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following are direct products from the use of hydrocarbon fuels (gas and diesel) in automobiles?

a)

O, N and CO

b)

CO, Ar and O3

c)

CO2, H2O and O3

d)

CO2, NOx and VOCs

2.

Which of the following are concerns with Particulate Matter?

a)

Can enter the respiratory system leading to other health concerns

b)

Is a greenhouse gas

c)

Leads to an increase in acid rain

d)

Attaches to blood to prevent oxygenation

3.

Where is the "bad" ozone located?

a)

Stratosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Exosphere

d)

Thermosphere

4.

What is the acronym used to remember most chemical pollutants?

a)

NOSECLIP

b)

NOSCLP

c)

CLEAN AIR

d)

OZONE

5.
What is a primary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
6.

Which of the following are examples of VOC's ? (Select 3)

a)

paint and paint thinners

b)

gasoline

c)

water vapor

d)

formaldehyde

e)

smog

7.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

8.
What is a secondary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
9.

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?

a)

the USGS

b)

the USDA

c)

the EPA

d)

the USDOJ

10.

Which pollutants result from fossil fuel combustion (list all that apply)?

a)

Sulfur Dioxides

b)

Nitrogen Oxides

c)

Carbon Oxides

d)

Stratospheric Ozone

e)

Particulate Matter

11.

What are the 6 “criteria pollutants” monitored by the EPA?

(a)  

12.

Name the legistation passed in 1970 to monitor and control the six most important air pollutants.

(a)  

13.

Criteria pollutant that has been reduced the MOST by actions taken after the Clean Air Act was passed. Removing this from gasoline had the biggest impact.

a)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

b)

Lead Pb

c)

Carbon monoxide CO

d)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

14.

Sizes of this air pollutant of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, is more dangerous, leading to severe respiratory problems and heart disease.

a)

Lead Pb

b)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

c)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

d)

Particulate matter

15.

Sources of this air pollutant include construction sites, forest fires, fields and smoke stacks (from homes and coal burning powerplants).

a)

Particulate matter

b)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

c)

Lead

d)

Carbon monoxide CO

16.

Secondary pollutant created after nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere and interact with sunlight and other chemicals. Only secondary criteria air pollutant.

a)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

b)

Tropospheric or ground level ozone

c)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

d)

Lead Pb

17.

Air pollutant that comes from the combustion of primarily coal in factories and power plants. Major contributor to acid precipitation.

a)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

b)

Lead Pb

c)

Particulate matter

d)

Tropospheric ozone

18.

Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries

Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage

Environmental effects: Can damage nervous system of some animals

a)

SO2

b)

NOx

c)

Pb (Lead)

d)

CO

19.

The principal component of smog

Source: Chemical reaction of VOCs and NOx

Health effects: reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye, nose, and throat irritation,

Environmental effects: can damage plant tissue and lead to decreased productivity

a)

Pb

b)

CO

c)

SO2

d)

O3

20.

Source: burning of fossil fuels (incomplete combustion)

Health effects: Reduces the ability of blood to bring oxygen to the body cells and tissues.

Environmental effects: May interfere with the breathing of animals

a)

Pb

b)

VOCs

c)

CO

d)

SO2

21.

Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry, coal powerplants

Health effects: nose and throat irritation, worsen asthma

Environmental: can irritate respiratory tract of many animals

a)

VOCs

b)

O3

c)

particulate matter (PM)

d)

SO2

22.

The Clean Air Act establishes national standards for the allowable outdoor concentration of _____ criteria air pollutants.

a)

6

b)

4

c)

8

d)

12

23.
 ______________ ______________ is produced when fuels containing sulfur are burned in the presence of oxygen.
a)
Carbon monoxide
b)
Sulfur dioxide
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Greenhouse gas
24.
The chemical formula for ozone?
a)
0
b)
02
c)
03
d)
OZn
25.
The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are
a)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires
b)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production
c)
industry, transportation, and energy production
d)
industry, transportation and agriculture
26.
Which of the following correctly lists the 6 “criteria” air pollutants as specified under the Clean Air Act?
a)
Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3
b)
Tropospheric O3, SO2, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO2
c)
SO4, NOX, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O3
d)
SO2, NOX, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O3
27.
Where is the Ozone layer located?
a)
mesosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
exosphere
d)
troposphere
28.

Formaldehyde, hydrocarbons that evaporate from gasoline at gas stations are examples of:

a)

CO

b)

NOx

c)

VOCs

29.
The 78% of the normal composition of air is...?
a)
Oxygen 
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon dioxide
d)
Argon
30.
Nitrogen oxides in smog mainly come from this source.
a)
burning of coal
b)
car exhaust
c)
factories
d)
cows
31.

the MAIN (not only) source of SO2 and mercury is

a)

gasoline

b)

coal

c)

uranium

32.

Which of the following fossil fuels do not emit SO2, NOx, and PM when used for energy

a)

uranium

b)

natural gas

c)

coal

d)

diesel

e)

gasoline

33.

The main source for photochemical smog (Note: source = WHERE did it come from)

a)

coal powerplants

b)

vehicles that combust gasoline

34.

Which product of incomplete combustion gives photochemical smog its yellowish color?

a)

PANs

b)

Ozone

c)

VOCs

d)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

35.

Common sources of volatile organic compounds include:

a)

Solvents

b)

Paint and Glue

c)

Some Plants

d)

Petroleum

e)

All of the Above

36.

What are 4 characteristics of urban areas with high levels of photochemical smog?

a)

Calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles

b)

High winds, wet weather, cloudy, many industries and vehicles

c)

Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains

d)

Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains, calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles

e)

All of the above

37.

This primary pollutant creates a reddish brown gas creating photochemical smog and tropospheric ozone.

a)

sulfuric acid

b)

VOC

c)

nitrogen dioxide

d)

particulate matter

38.

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?

a)

the USGS

b)

the USDA

c)

the EPA

d)

the USDOJ

39.

The principal component of smog

Source: secondary pollutant that is a Chemical reaction of VOCs and NOx

Health effects: respiratory tract irritant; reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye irritant

Environmental effects: can damage plant tissue and reduce productivity

a)

Pb

b)

CO

c)

SO2

d)

O3

40.

A smog forming chemical

Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source

Health effects: respiratory tract irritant; reduced lung capacity, worsen asthma, eye irritant

Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation which can lower the pH of rivers and lakes

a)

NOx

b)

CO

c)

Pb

d)

VOCs

41.
A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products.  They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
a)
PM (particulate matter)
b)
VOCs
c)
CO
d)
Pb
42.
Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility
a)
VOCs
b)
O3
c)
particulate matter (PM)
d)
SO2
43.

What is the most important thing in Photochemical reaction?

a)

Light

b)

temperature

c)

pressure

d)

catalyst

44.

The amount of primary pollutants in the air increases during ___________.

a)

sunlight

b)

high traffic

c)

night time

d)

low traffic

45.

What does a Catalytic Converter do?

a)

Prevents overheating in a reaction

b)

Speeds the reaction of fuel conversion

c)

Reduces harmful emissions

d)

Prevents production of SO2

46.
Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants 
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition
47.

This atmospheric compound is critical to the planet in its protection against UV radiation, but when found close to the ground is part of photochemical smog that can cause serious health problems.

a)

particulate matter

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

stratospheric ozone

d)

tropospheric ozone

48.

The use of fuel efficient vehicles and increased public transpiration would ______ the rates of photochemical smog

a)

increase

b)

decrease

49.
Radon gas is most harmful to which part of the body?
a)
Eyes
b)
Lungs
c)
Heart
d)
Kidneys
50.
Which is NOT an example of a way to help prevent radon gas in homes?
a)
Sealing cracks
b)
Ventilation
c)
Plastic in crawlspace
d)
Air fresheners
51.
Which of the following substances is an colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive gas?
a)
carbon monoxide
b)
radon
c)
ozone
d)
asbestos
52.
When a building has bad air quality, it has something called
a)
Sick building syndrome
b)
Radon
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Smog
53.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
54.
VOC used in the manufacturing of furniture and building materials
a)
Formaldehyde
b)
Kerosene
c)
Carbon Monoxide
d)
Radon
55.

Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture

a)

Asbestos

b)

Radon

c)

Lead

d)

Carbon Monoxide

e)

Formaldehyde

56.
Carbon monoxide
a)
increases lung cancer rates
b)
leads to the formation of photochemical smog
c)
is most problematic in rural areas
d)
is produced by incomplete combustion
57.
Asbestos
a)
is used for insulation
b)
can be easily removed and treated
c)
can be a problem in new construction
d)
causes skin irritation, nausea, and fatigue
58.
A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.
a)
Water droplets
b)
Allergens
c)
Particulate matter
d)
Combustibles
59.
A colorless, odorless gas that decreases the blood's ability to carry oxygen.  Can cause faintness, death.
a)
Nitrogen oxides
b)
Ground-level ozone
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Sulfur dioxide
60.

Which indoor air pollutant is used in insulation and fire resistant materials?

a)

asbestos

b)

formaldehyde

c)

carbon monoxide

d)

radon

61.

Which indoor air pollutant has such small particles that it must be removed by highly qualified contractors to prevent the concentration from being higher after removal?

a)

asbestos

b)

mold

c)

radon

d)

VOCs

62.

Which indoor air pollutant would be produced from burning wood?

a)

asbestos

b)

formaldehyde

c)

VOCs

d)

particulates

63.

The bottom image represents a _____________.

a)

rain shadow effect

b)

thermal inversion

c)

Coriolis Effect

d)

ozone layer

64.

What effect do temperature inversions have?

a)

traps heat and raises the temperature beneath it

b)

traps cold air and lowers the temperature beneath it

c)

traps emissions and can accumulate beneath it

d)

traps the ozone layer

65.

What is the main source of smog for Los Angeles?

a)

car emissions

b)

factory emissions

66.

Both geography and weather contribute to the formation of smog.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

How do temperature Inversions affect air currents?

a)

A layer of cold, polluted air mixes with the warm air from the surface and creates a smog-like layer

b)

A layer of slightly warmer air prevents the warm, polluted air from rising, causing a build up of pollution near the surface

c)

A layer of smoke causes temperatures to lower near the surface of the earth, causing more pollution in the air.

68.

Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?

a)

burning coal

b)

vehicle emissions

69.
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
70.

The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are

a)

soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires

b)

transportation, soil erosion, and energy production

c)

industry, transportation, and energy production

d)

industry, transportation and agriculture

71.
The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by:
a)
Municipal Waste Incinerators
b)
Coal burning power plants
c)
Medical waste
d)
Runoff from thermometer factories
72.
What three components have to be present to create photochemical smog?
a)
VOCS, PANS, Carbon Dioxide
b)
VOCS, Ozone, Nitrogen Monoxide
c)
Nitrogen Dioxide, Sunlight, and VOCS
d)
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone
73.

Uranium 238 decays to make this carcinogenic gas found in the bedrock

a)

Asbestos

b)

Radon

c)

Lead

d)

Thalidomide

74.

This molecule prevents UV radiation from getting to the troposphere

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

Calcium Carbonate

d)

CFC

75.
One of the six types of air pollution monitored by the EPA.  Is formed from incomplete combustion.
a)
CO2
b)
CO
c)
SO2
d)
O3
76.
Which of the following is NOT a carcinogen?
a)
Arsenic
b)
Radon
c)
Asbestos
d)
Carbon Monoxide
77.

Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?

a)

forest fires

b)

lightning

c)

plant emissions

d)

volcano

78.
High levels of photochemical smog are due to
   I nitrogen dioxide
  II sulfur dioxide
III VOC's
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
II and III only
d)
I and III only
79.

Thermal inversions

a)

increase the rate of smog formation

b)

trap high concentrations of pollution at ground level in cold air

c)

result in increased levels of acid deposition

d)

reduce the negative effects of VOC's

80.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

81.

The effects of acid deposition include

a)

leaching of nutrients from soil

b)

decreased pH of lake water

c)

damage to some man-made structures like statues

d)

decreased aquatic biodiversity

82.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

83.

Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?

a)

gravitational settling

b)

fabric filters

c)

electrostatic precipitators

d)

catalytic converters

84.

Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant?

a)

sulfur dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

ozone

d)

lead

85.

Can be used to raise the pH of water, soil, and used in scrubbers

a)

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

b)

HNO3 Nitric acid

c)

CaCO3 calcium carbonate

86.

CO2 and other pollutants are usually measured in units of

a)

pH

b)

percent

c)

decibels

d)

parts per million

87.

What can you predict about indoor air pollution in India and Sub-Saharan Africa?

a)

Homes have more efficient insulation and increased ventilation decreasing indoor air pollution

b)

Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking increases indoor air pollution

c)

Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation decreases indoor air pollution

d)

Use of chemical pesticides on croplands increases indoor air pollution

88.

What is a geologic source of CO2?

a)

Respiration

b)

Decomposition

c)

Volcanoes

d)

Photosynthesis

89.

Which is NOT a criteria air pollutant?

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

lead

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

particulate matter

90.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
91.

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a)

smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere

b)

a thermal inversion exists in the region

c)

it emits primary pollutants

d)

it emits secondary pollutants

92.

The bottom image represents a _____________.

a)

rain shadow effect

b)

thermal inversion

c)

Coriolis Effect

d)

ozone layer

93.

What is the main source of smog for Los Angeles?

a)

car emissions

b)

factory emissions

94.

What is the source of nitrogen oxides?

a)

Animal and plant processes

b)

Volcanic eruptions and fires

c)

Solvents, glues and paint

d)

Incomplete combustion of gas or diesel fuels in vehicles.

95.

Which of the following is not an example of a volatile organic compound? (VOC)

a)

carbon monoxide

b)

paint thinner

c)

gasoline

d)

air freshener

96.

Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?

a)

burning coal

b)

vehicle emissions

97.

Which of the following is the basis of photochemical smog?

a)

burning coal

b)

vehicle emissions

98.
Which is NOT an example of a way to help prevent radon gas in homes?
a)
Sealing cracks
b)
Ventilation
c)
Plastic in crawlspace
d)
Air fresheners
99.
Which of the following substances is an colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive gas?
a)
carbon monoxide
b)
radon
c)
ozone
d)
asbestos
100.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
101.
VOC used in the manufacturing of furniture and building materials
a)
Formaldehyde
b)
Kerosene
c)
Carbon Monoxide
d)
Radon
102.
High levels of photochemical smog are due to
   I nitrogen dioxide
  II sulfur dioxide
III VOC's
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
II and III only
d)
I and III only
103.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

104.

Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?

a)

wet scrubbers

b)

dry scrubbers

c)

electrostatic precipitators

d)

catalytic converters

105.

In order to reduce the amount of ground-level pollutants (e.g. VOCs, NOX, CO and tropospheric ozone), some municipalities around the globe have instituted all of the following EXCEPT,

a)

installing scrubbers on automobiles

b)

permitting automobiles to be driven only every other day

c)

expanding public transportation networks

d)

carpool/high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on interstates

e)

charging user fees to use certain roads at certain times

106.
______ coal has the highest carbon content and a metallic luster in appearance.
a)
anthracite
b)
lignite
c)
sub-bituminous
d)
bituminous
107.

Scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators help industries meet the requirements of this

a)

Air Pollution Act

b)

Temperature Inversion Act

c)

Clean Air Act

108.

Which device helps clean car exhausts?

a)

electrostatic precipitator

b)

catalytic converter

c)

scrubber

109.

Which is not part of correcting sick-building syndrome?

a)

removing sources of indoor air pollution

b)

sealing cracks where air leaks into the building

c)

cleaning air ducts

d)

improving ventilation

110.

Wet scrubbers in coal powerplants are used to remove

a)

CO2

b)

SO2

c)

calcium carbonate

d)

NO

e)

particulate matter

111.

Wet scrubbers remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides using a ______solution, they can also remove some PM.

a)

acidic

b)

basic

112.

Dry scrubbers are cheaper and less effective than wet scrubbers. Dry scrubbers remove

a)

SO2

b)

NO

c)

PM

d)

CO2

113.

Electrostatic precipitator--removes _______ like dust at coal power plants; it does not use a filter--it charges the particulate matter then a magnetic plate attracts the dust/particulates.

a)

all pollution

b)

SO2

c)

NO

d)

particulate matter

114.

NOx levels will peak in the __________

a)

AM because of morning traffic

b)

PM because of the sunlight

115.

Tropospheric ozone from photochemical smog will peak in the

a)

am because of morning traffic

b)

pm because of the sunlight

116.

ALMOST all indoor air pollutants will

a)

irritate eye, nose, throat

b)

cause cancer

117.

The indoor air pollutant, _________, grows in response to poor ventilation and increased humidity (water leaks)

a)

radon

b)

mold and mildew

c)

VOCs

d)

formaldehyde

118.

One way to decrease the levels of indoor PM is to

a)

regularly change the air filters

b)

not use a HVAC system

c)

keep the windows closed

d)

seal the cracks in the foundation of your home

119.
How is acid rain formed?
a)
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide mix with water in the ocean.
b)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen mix with water in the air.
c)
Sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide mix with lake water.
d)
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mix with water in the air.
120.

Which two primary pollutants most often result in acid rain?

a)

sulfuric dioxide and nitrogen oxide

b)

carbon monoxide and VOCs

c)

ZEVs and VOCs

d)

carbonic acid and citric acid

121.
Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants 
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition
122.

Electrostatic precipitators can be used to remove this type of air pollutant.

a)

volatile organic compounds

b)

sulfur dioxide

c)

particulate matter

d)

ground level ozone

123.

______________ ______________ is produced when fuels containing sulfur are burned in the presence of oxygen.

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Sulfur dioxide

c)

Carbon monoxide

d)

Greenhouse gas

124.

The main source of SO2 and NO when leads to acid deposition is

a)

transportation

b)

nuclear powerplants

c)

coal burning powerplants

125.

Which of the following can be used to decrease SO2 emissions from coal power plants?

a)

using high sulfur coal (lignite)

b)

using electrostatic precipitators

c)

wet scrubbers

d)

dry scrubbers

e)

using low sulfur content coal

126.

Two secondary pollutants that are found in dry acid deposition are

a)

sulfate salts

b)

nitrate salts

c)

sulfuric acid

d)

nitric acid

127.

two secondary pollutants found in acid rain are

a)

sulfuric and nitric acid

b)

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

c)

sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxide