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Biology EOC Review 3

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Widow's peak is dominant to straight hair line. Cross a heterozygous widow's peak female with a heterozygous widow's peak male. What is the genotype ratio?
a)
1:2:1
b)
3:1
c)
1:1
d)
1:0
2.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
3.
The diagram below represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins? 
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
4.

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

a)

It will be unable to carry out respiration.

b)

It will lose water through osmosis.

c)

It will break down the ribosomes in the cell.

d)

It will be unable to photosynthesize

5.

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

a)

differentiation

b)

natural selection

c)

selective breeding

d)

genetic engineering

6.

Which two species are the most closely related?

a)

I and II

b)

II and IV

c)

I and V

d)

V and VI

7.

These diagrams represent a Euglena and a Paramecium. Which function do structures X and Y have in common?

a)

digestion

b)

gathering food

c)

movement

d)

reproduction

8.

Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States?

a)

increase in dissolved oxygen levels

b)

global warming

c)

ozone destruction

d)

acid rain

9.

Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

a)

Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

b)

More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

c)

More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

d)

Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.

10.
Name B.
a)
phosophate
b)
glucose
c)
deoxyribose
d)
nitrogen base
11.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
12.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
Mixed
13.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
14.

Sperm and egg combine during fertilization. What type of cells are these and what type of cell do they create together?

a)

haploid; diploid

b)

diploid; haploid

c)

haploid; haploid

d)

diploid; diploid

15.

What is the base pair rule for DNA replication? (DNA to DNA)

a)

A - T, C - G

b)

A - U, C - G

c)

A - C, T - G

d)

A - C, U - G

16.

The DNA strand is "ATCGAT". What mRNA strand will be made during transcription?

a)

TAGCTA

b)

UAGCUA

c)

AUCGAU

d)

ATCGAT

17.

What organism is the most primitive?

a)

bear

b)

fish

c)

lamprey

d)

lizard

18.
A population of elephants has reached its carrying capacity. Which best describes the population?
a)
The population has become to dense for the ecosystem to support
b)
The population will remain stable, even if the ecosystem undergoes severe changes
c)
The population has grown to the largest size the ecsystem can support
d)
The population has decreased so much it is in danger of not surviving. 
19.
In an ecosystem, each trophic level receives energy from the level below it. What is the source of energy for the first trophic level? 
a)
Energy is recycled from higher levels
b)
The first level receives continuous radiant energy from the sun
c)
The first level produces energy without any outside input
d)
The first level converts nutrients from the soil into energy
20.
Which is an advantage of vegetative propagation in plants?
a)
Offspring are genetically unique
b)
Diversity increases within a population
c)
New varietys can be produced by crossing plants with different characteristics
d)
New plants can be produced from a single parent 
21.
In the past, diabetics relied on insulin from pigs of cows. Now, laboratory bacteria can synthesize large quantities of human insulin How do scientists engineer transgenic bacteria to produce insulin? 
a)
The gene for producing insulin is inserted in to the DNA of a bacterium.
b)
An entire bacterial plasmid is replaced with the human insulin gene
c)
Bacteria with the naturally occurring ability to produce insulin are cultivated.
d)
Bacteria with the naturally occuring ability to produce insulin are bred together and their offspring are cultivated 
22.
What is the carrying capacity of the following graph?
a)
10
b)
30
c)
40
d)
45
23.

The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked, recessive trait.

Which would most likely result if a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male?

a)

All offspring will be short-winged.

b)

All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged.

c)

All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged.

d)

Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will belong-winged.

24.

Identical twin girls are separated at birth and cared for by two different families.

After twenty years, the twins have different heights and weights. What is most likely the cause of these differences?

a)

The proteins made by one twin were different than the proteins made by the other twin.

b)

Each twin was provided a different diet and physical activities.

c)

The DNA of one twin was different from the DNA of the other twin.

d)

One twin had a genetic condition that prevented her from growing tall.

25.

Having freckles is dominant over not having freckles. If two individuals heterozygous for freckles have a child, what is the probability the child will have freckles?

a)

75%

b)

50%

c)

25%

d)

0%

26.

Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?

a)

The flower-color gene is codominant.

b)

Mutations alter the flower-color gene.

c)

The flower-color gene is sex-linked.

d)

Environmental factors affect flower color.

27.

Which substance do biochemists often search for in fossils to help better understand the evolutionary relationships of the organism that formed the fossil?

a)

ATP

b)

DNA

c)

iron

d)

oxygen

28.

Scientists believe that the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this evolutionary change?

a)

artificial selection

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

sexual competition

d)

geographic isolation

29.

An antibiotic which was effective 20 years ago against a specific type of bacterial infection no longer works against the same kind of infection today. Which best explains why the antibiotic is no longer as effective as it was 20 years ago?

a)

Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic have killed off nonresistant bacteria.

b)

Viruses have changed the structure of the bacteria that causes the infection.

c)

Resistant bacteria have survived and reproduced at a greater rate than nonresistant bacteria.

d)

The human body has developed an immunity to the antibiotics.

30.

An insecticide kills most of the ants on a plant. Over time, it is determined that the insecticide is not as effective for killing ants.

Which statement best explains this observation?

a)

The ants killed initially by the insecticide were genetically the same as the surviving ants.

b)

The ants killed initially by the insecticide had thinner cell membranes than the surviving ants.

c)

The ants that survived were younger than those that died as a result of the insecticide.

d)

The ants killed by the insecticide and the surviving ants were genetically different.

31.

Some marine worms and mollusks go through similar larval stages during development. Which can be inferred about their relationship?

a)

They share a common ancestor.

b)

They mate with each other.

c)

They compete for a habitat.

d)

They share the same food source

32.

Which statement best describes natural selection?

a)

As the weather changes, organisms that are able to find shelter need less energy to live.

b)

Organisms that eat only plants need less food than organisms that eat animals.

c)

Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.

d)

Small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organisms.

33.

A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. A few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant

to this spray. What can best be inferred from this example?

a)

Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.

b)

Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation.

c)

The environment has no effect on the survival of an organism.

d)

A species will adapt no matter what the environment.

34.

Which will most likely cause variations to occur within a species?

a)

competition

b)

mutation

c)

mutualism

d)

predation

35.

Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell can divide by mitosis?

a)

to maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cell

b)

to cause one of the cells produced to have double the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

c)

to allow crossing over to occur in each of the cells produced

d)

to cause all of the cells produced to have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

36.

During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?

a)

mitosis

b)

prophase

c)

interphase

d)

cytokinesis

37.

Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

a)

It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism.

b)

It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

c)

It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

d)

It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

38.

Which would most likely produce a mutation that is passed on to offspring?

a)

radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells

b)

a gamete with an extra chromosome forming

c)

tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells

d)

exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function

39.

Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?

a)

increased exposure to mold spores in the air

b)

increased exposure to the rising levels of atmospheric CO2

c)

increased exposure to bacteria in drinking water

d)

increased exposure to X-rays

40.

This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations of mRNA nucleotides.

Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA segment that reads CAG GUG?

a)

arginine and valine

b)

isoleucine and arginine

c)

glutamine and valine

d)

valine and isoleucine

41.

Waxes create a waterproof layer on the outside of some living organisms. To which group of organic molecules do waxes belong?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

42.

Scientists believe that the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this evolutionary change?

a)

artificial selection

b)

asexual reproduction

c)

sexual competition

d)

geographic isolation

43.

In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem?

a)

It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources.

b)

It can eliminate the most fit animals among the prey population, which will cause an increase in birthrates of the prey.

c)

It can cause the prey population to migrate to other areas, resulting in more fit prey.

d)

It can cause the prey population to better blend in with their environment.

44.
Cell membranes are selectively permeable. Some solutes move freely across cell membranes, while other solutes require assistance from special gates. Passive transport and active transport are methods of moving solutes across cell membranes. Which of the following accurately describes the difference between passive transport and active transport?  
a)
Passive transport can move molecules both in and out of a cell, but active transport cannot.
b)
Passive transport works against a concentration gradient, but active transport does not.
c)
Passive transport does not require energy, but active transport does. 
d)
Passive transport requires carrier proteins, but active transport does not. 
45.
Scientists have discovered a single-celled organism, and need to classify it as either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. Which of the following structures, if present, would indicate that the organism is a eukaryote? 
a)
mitochondria
b)
DNA
c)
plasma membrane 
d)
cytoplasm
46.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control released this 3-D graphical representation of the H1N1 influenza virus. Approximately five million Americans were infected with this virus during a four-month period in 2009.                     Which of the following is NOT true of the H1N1 virus?
a)
It cannot reproduce on its own.
b)
It lacks ribosomes.
c)
It lacks both DNA and RNA. 
d)
It does not grow or undergo division.
47.
During human fertilization, a single-celled zygote is formed. This cell divides, and the daughter cells continue to divide until an embryo is formed.                               Which of the following BEST describes this process of cell division?   Ⓐ  Ⓑ Ⓒ  Ⓓ  I
a)
It produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. 
b)
It takes place during the S phase of interphase. 
c)
It takes place during the G1 phase of interphase. 
d)
It produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
48.
Most of the cells in the human body continually undergo mitosis so that dead or damaged cells can be replaced. The diagram below shows the phases of mitosis. Which of the following lists the four basic phases of mitosis in the order in which they occur? 
a)
 prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 
b)
 interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase 
c)
 interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase 
d)
metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase 
49.
 The nervous system of an adult human consists of more than one billion nerve cells. The diagram below shows a typical neuron. Which of the following BEST describes the functions of the neuron’s structures?  
a)
Dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body, and axons carry impulses away from the cell body. 
b)
Axons carry impulses toward the cell body, and dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body. 
c)
Both dendrites and axons carry impulses toward the cell body. 
d)
Both dendrites and axons carry impulses away from the cell body. 
50.
Which of the following is NOT a difference between normal cell division and cancer cell division?
a)
Normal cells recognize signals that tell them to stop and start the cell cycle, but cancer cells do not. 
b)
Normal cells can invade other tissues, but cancer cells cannot. 
c)
In normal cells DNA is replicated correctly, but in cancer cells DNA is mutated. 
d)
Normal cells communicate with each other, but cancer cells do not.