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Worksheets2020-2021 Spring Semester Exam Study Set
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Historical Geologists study the origin of the earth.
True
fALSE
Mid-ocean ridges are locations for subduction.
True
False
The way someone interprets the facts depends on their worldview.
True
False
Scientists believe the deeper into the Earth _____.
temperature and pressure both decrease, and density increases
temperature and pressure increases as density decreases
temperature, pressure, and density all increase
temperature decreases as pressure and density increases
Which layer of Earth is the most dense?
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
What do scientists use to map the Earth’s interior?
They dig deep wells into all the layers.
They use special X-Rays.
They use seismic waves from earthquakes.
They use satellite images.
Which is true about Earth’s Crust?
The Continental Crust is thicker and less dense than the Oceanic Crust.
The Continental Crust is thinner and less dense than the Oceanic Crust.
The Continental Crust is thicker and more dense than the Oceanic Crust.
The Continental Crust is thinner and more dense than the Oceanic Crust.
The Nebular hypothesis _________.
has been developed by Biblical scientists to describe how our solar system came into existence.
has been developed by secular scientists to describe how our solar system came into existence.
has been developed by Biblical scientists to describe how our universe came into existence.
has been developed by secular scientists to describe how our universe came into existence.
Who first proposed the hypothesis of continental drift, and gave a name to the last supercontinent?
Antonio Snider
Alfred Wegener
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
Giant moving sections of the earth's crust are called _____________________.
athenosphere
tectonic plates
uppermost mantle
crust
The order of events in the Genesis Creation account is _______ the order in which secular scientists believe the earth was formed.
somewhat similar to
the exact opposite of
different from
identical to
Evidence that the Earth’s magnetic field has reversed itself several times in the past is shown in ______________
the alignment of iron minerals in rocks when they are formed on the continental crust.
the alignment of iron minerals in rocks when they are formed on the ocean floor.
the subduction of the oceanic crust under the continental crust.
the subduction of the continental crust under the oceanic crust.
GPS data shows ________________.
magnetic reversal
mid-ocean ridges
the speed and direction of tectonic plates
the layers of the earth
The layer of the earth that makes up the tectonic plates is called the ____________.
asthenosphere
crust
inner core
lithosphere
mantle
The layer of the earth that creates the Earth’s magnetic field is called the _______.
inner core
outer core
mantle
upper mantle
asthenosphere
The layer of the earth that tectonic plates “float” on is called the ____________.
asthenosphere
mantle
crust
lithosphere
uppermost mantle
A resource like oil, coal, and natural gas that cannot be replenished is called _________.
natural resource
unnatural resource
renewable resource
nonrenewable resource
The effort to oversee and control the use of natural resources is called _____________.
resource management
nature management
recycling
Creation Mandate
Earth’s continents were once joined as a single landmass called ____________________.
Pangaea
Earth
Geomass
Eden
Biblical scientists believe that, after creation, the surface of the earth was dramatically changed by ___________________.
asteroids and meteoroids.
droughts.
the great flood.
a series of local floods.
Proof that a supercontinent existed, and that the continents are drifting includes ____________________.
Continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
Fossils found on different continents.
Similar mountain formations (rocks and minerals) on different continents
Evidence of glaciers on tropical continents
ALL of the other answers combined.
The smallest type of volcano is a shield volcano.
True
False
Seismologists are scientists who study earthquakes.
True
False
Volcanoes are both a type of tectonic landform, and a type of non-tectonic landform
True
False
Molten rock that is underground is called lava.
True
False
What do scientists believe causes seafloor spreading and subduction?
divergence
earthquakes and volcanoes
convection
convergence
Earthquakes are caused by what type of force?
Shear
Compression
Tension
none of the other answers
The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a _____.
mid-ocean ridge
divergent boundary
convergent boundary
transform boundary
_____ are formed when two continental plates collide.
Volcanoes
Strike-slip faults
Mountain ranges
valleys
“We all got scared and ran outside when we felt the earth shake. The house was ok, but our old shed fell over.” This quote would help a researcher to place an earthquake on which scale?
Modified Mercalli Scale
Richter Scale
moment magnitude scale
all of the other answers combined
When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____.
faults
earthquakes
strains
stresses
At least ____ seismometers are needed to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.
two
three
four
five
A break in Earth’s lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another is called a(n) ____.
fault
earthquake
strain
stress
Scientists discovered changes in Earth's interior by studying ____.
tsunamis
tides
changes in seismic waves
all of the other answers combined
The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the _______.
focus
epicenter
fault
inner core
The amount of ground motion caused by an earthquake is measured by the _________.
Richter scale
moment magnitude scale
modified Mercalli scale
none of the other answers
______________ (the equilibrium between continental crust and the denser mantle below it) explains how the entire surface of the earth was covered by water during the Great Flood. It also explains why coastal cities haven’t been flooded due to global warming.
Subsidence
Uplift
Isostasy
Topography
Which of the following is true?
Both earthquakes and volcanoes can be predicted.
Neither earthquakes, nor volcanoes can be predicted.
Earthquakes can be predicted, but volcanoes cannot be predicted.
Volcanoes can be predicted, but earthquakes cannot be predicted.
Glaciers form ________________________.
moraines, eskers, and kames.
sand dunes and sand stone.
mesas, buttes, and pinnacles.
plateaus and domes.
A mountain, like Panola Mountain, that was created when molten rock formed a dome chamber, and later the softer sedimentary rock around it eroded, leaving the rock mountain is called a ____________________.
dome
fault-block mountain.
pinnacle
monadnock
Sally accidentally stepped on a piece of soft candy on the floor, squishing it flat. This type of force or stress is called _______________.
tension
shear
compression
erosion
Records show that ________________________________.
earthquakes usually occur along tectonic plate boundaries, but volcanoes usually occur in the middle of tectonic plates.
volcanoes usually occur along tectonic plate boundaries, but earthquakes usually occur in the middle of tectonic plates.
both earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur in the middle of tectonic plates.
both earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur along tectonic plates boundaries.
_______________ is/are made up of particles of pulverized rock and glass.
Magma
Volcanic ash
Lava
Cinders
Which of these structure types is the most common for volcanoes?
seamounts
shield volcano
composite volcano or stratovolcano
cinder cone
What are “hot spots”?
A “Hot Spot” is any hole in a volcano where lava is coming out.
“Hot Spots” are a term used for any volcano.
“Hot Spots” are volcanoes not associated with tectonic plate boundaries.
“Hot Spots” are magma chambers or domes under volcanoes.
Which of the following IS a hydrothermal land feature that we discussed in class?
epicenter
lava pool
Cinder cone
geyser
Geothermal power plants __________.
can be used for heating homes and businesses, and for generating electricity.
are very common, producing most of the electricity in the United States.
can be built just about anywhere.
are very new because geothermal power has only recently been discovered.
What are broad regions of relatively undisturbed sedimentary deposits lifted up by some tectonic process?
folded mountain
rift valley
fault-blocked mountain
plateau
monadnock
What are small columns of rock left in place when water and/or wind erodes the dirt around them?
plateau
monadnock
pinnacle
folded mountain
fault-blocked mountain
What are formed when large regions fall vertically due to lack of support underground?
folded mountain
basin
volcano
monadnock
plateau
When an object is being pulled apart, what type of force is created?
No stress
compression
tension
shear
When an object is being pushed together, what type of force is created?
No stress
compression
tension
shear
The height of a landform measured from sea level (the surface of the ocean) to the top of the landform is called ____.
Relief
Range
Length
Elevation
The height of a landform measured from the land around it to the top of the landform is called ____.
Relief
Range
Length
Elevation
One of the types of diaphaneity is metallic.
True
False
Rocks that have a desired substance which can be mined for a profit are called sediments.
True
False
All minerals form through ____________.
erosion
crystallization
cementation
deposition
Which of the following scientists would most likely study minerals professionally?
an anthropologist
a mineralogist
a paleontologist
a petrologist
Minerals are composed of one or more ____.
rocks
colors
atomic elements
structures
A native mineral is one that ___________________.
is one that is in the group of most common minerals.
is a mineral that makes up most rocks.
is made of only one type of atom/element.
is one that never combines with other minerals.
The hardest mineral on the Mohs scale is ____.
topaz
quartz
diamond
talc
What can cause a given mineral to be different colors (ex. Quartz)?
whether it is a mineral or not
a different rate of cooling
whether it is intrusive or extrusive
chemical impurities
Gemstones are prized for their _______________________.
hardness for use in cutting tools.
rarity and beauty.
use in electrical connections.
use in medicines.
A mineral’s crystal shape is dictated by _________.
how fast the mineral cooled.
the mineral’s hardness.
the arrangement of the mineral’s atoms.
the amount of pressure from the rocks around it.
All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT that of ____.
being man-made
having an orderly arrangement of atoms or ions
being solids
having a crystalline pattern
Mica breaks into thin, flat pieces. This is an example of the physical characteristic called ____.
hardness
streak
fracture
cleavage
Topaz will scratch quartz and quartz will scratch calcite. Which of these gives the only possible hardness values for topaz, quartz, and calcite in the correct order?
topaz = 8 , quartz = 7, calcite = 3
topaz = 3 , quartz = 8, calcite = 7
topaz = 8 , quartz = 3, calcite = 7
topaz = 3 , quartz = 7, calcite = 8
The individual rock particles, crystals, and sometimes fossils that combine to give a rock its texture are known as __________.
grains
nuggets
sediments
parent rocks
Rocks formed strictly from minerals precipitated from water are __________.
non-clastic sedimentary rocks
clastic sedimentary rocks
contact metamorphic rocks
extrusive igneous
Which statement is NOT correct regarding igneous rock formation?
The rock minerals were once molten (melted) rock.
The processes to become igneous include weathering and erosion.
Igneous rocks can be made from Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic rock.
Rock melts, then cools and crystalizes.
Foliated or non-foliated are classifications of ______________________.
clastic sedimentary rocks
non-clastic sedimentary rocks
igneous rocks
metamorphic rocks
A rock that has melted, hardened, and crystalized above ground is a(n) ___________________.
clastic sedimentary rock.
intrusive igneous rock.
extrusive igneous rock.
non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once-living things, like coal, are ____.
Inorganic
Organic
Clastic
Chemical
What type of sedimentary rock has a mixture of large, medium, and small clasts?
shale
sandstone
conglomerates
breccias
Which of the following best describes what dynamic metamorphism is?
a rock at a tectonic plate boundary which is exposed to high heat and pressure
using magma to turn existing rock, close to the magma, into metamorphic rock
rock put under pressure and frictional heat inside a fault during an earthquake
rock that forms quickly from magma erupting from a volcano
Most fossils are found in __________.
sedimentary rock.
intrusive igneous rock.
extrusive igneous rock.
metamorphic rock.
What is the name for the study of fossils?
paleontology
mineralogy
petrology
archaeology
Biblical scientists believe the layers of the fossil record occur __________.
from the largest to the smallest organisms.
in the order in which they evolved.
in the order in which they were buried at a given location.
in an order that is based on where they lived.
Secular scientists believe the layers of the fossil record occur __________.
in the order in which they evolved.
in the order in which they were buried at a given location.
from the largest to the smallest organisms.
in an order that is based on where they lived.
Soil is a mixture of decayed organic matter, weathered rock, mineral fragments, water and ____.
sand
moss
air
clay
All of the following cause mechanical weathering EXCEPT ____.
air pollution
water
wind
animals walking on rocks
Chemical weathering ____.
only occurs with acid rain.
breaks apart rocks by physical processes.
occurs when chemical reactions dissolve or change the materials in rocks into new materials.
none of other answers.
The process where once living material is broken down into dark colored organic material is called ______________.
decomposition.
the rock cycle.
subduction.
weathering.
Any fertile soil must contain __________.
clay
sand
silt
organic material
Why are fossils not being formed today when so many organisms continue to die?
When animals and plants die, they decompose and the pieces move into the soil.
Dead animals and plants do not get buried quick enough to remain intact and fossilize.
It takes thousands of years for animals and plants to become fossils.
Both A & B
A, B, & C
Minerals can be identified based on their ____________ & ___________ properties.
appearance & feel
look & feel
appearance & physical
physical & chemical
_________ are a natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains.
Minerals
Rocks
Atoms
Elements
When light passes through a mineral, but it is distorted it is called _____________.
luster
diaphaneity
opaque
translucent
The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is called __________.
hardness
density
specific gravity
streak
_____________________ is equal to the mass divided by the volume.
specific gravity
density
hardness
diaphaneity
The color of a mineral in powder form is called _________________.
luster
diaphaneity
streak
opaque
About what percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water?
30%
35%
50%
71%
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
ocean trench
mid-ocean ridge
waves
continental shelf
How much of the earth’s water is salt water?
1%
97.5%
30%
2.5%
In general, the ocean’s temperature _____ from the surface to the bottom.
alternately decreases and then increases
increases
decreases
stays the same
The moon’s and the sun’s gravity is the biggest influence on __________.
the Coriolis effect
tides
weather
the wind
The periodic rise and fall of the ocean’s surface is called _______.
currents
sea level
tides
elevation
Most ocean waves are caused by __________.
the current
changes in tides
the earth’s rotation
the wind
God’s provision of water on the Earth is unique because ____________.
The Earth has liquid water and other planets do not.
Water exists naturally on the Earth in all three states; solid, liquid, and gas.
Water is soluble.
All of the other answers combined.
The best thing to do when caught in a rip current is to ______________.
swim directly to shore.
swim to the side of the current AS SOON AS YOU CAN.
bob up and down in the water.
Let the current take you away from the shore, and when the current becomes weak, swim parallel to the shore, and then back to shore; letting the waves carry you back to shore.
What are the shallow, submerged edges of a continent extending beyond the beach called?
shore
continental shelf
reef
seamount
A stream and all its tributaries make up a __________.
waterway
drainage basin
river
stream system
The region from which water empties into a stream and its tributaries is called which of the following?
drainage basin
valley
stream system
runoff area
Ultimately, streams east of the North American Great Continental Divide drain into the __________.
Southern Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Which of these contain the greatest amount of the earth's fresh surface water?
marshes
lakes and ponds
streams
swamps
What are the two main factors that drive the water cycle?
The sun and gravity.
The weather and gravity.
The gravitational pull of the sun and moon.
plants and animals.
Irrigation is ______________________________________.
water that is damaging to plants.
God’s way of naturally watering plants.
artificially supplying water to crops.
a form of permeability.
The _________ __________ tells us that we should have dominion over God’s creation.
Golden Rule
story of the Good Samaritan
Creation Mandate
Rule of Law
Where is groundwater located? _______________
runoffs
drainage basins
underground
oceans
What process in the water cycle creates clouds?
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
transpiration
What process in the water cycle creates water vapor?
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
runoff
What process in the water cycle includes rain, snow, sleet and hail?
condensation
evaporation
precipitation
runoff
High blood pressure is the result of too much exposure to ultraviolet light.
True
False
The total amount of energy reaching Earth from the Sun is less than the amount of energy leaving Earth.
True
False
In general, atmospheric pressure is greatest near Earth's surface and ____ as you move upward away from sea level.
doubles
increases
stays the same
decreases
The two gas cycles that move gases from living things to the soil and oceans, into the atmosphere, and back to living things are the ____________________________ cycles.
ions and ozone.
water and oxygen.
oxygen and nitrogen.
carbon and nitrogen.
Reflection and absorption by the atmosphere prevent ____ of the sun’s radiation from reaching Earth's surface.
20%
30%
50%
78%
If the ozone layer disappeared, life on Earth would be exposed to ____ concentrations of ultraviolet radiation.
lower
higher
no change in
none of the other answers
The most common gas in the atmosphere is _____________.
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
ozone
hydrogen
As you go higher in the troposphere, the temperature ____________________.
increases
decreases
stays constent
increases and then decreases
decreases and then increases
Gases in the atmosphere that allow sunlight to pass through but prevent some of the Earth’s IR energy from escaping are called _____________________ gases.
carbon and nitrogen
ozone
homosphere
greenhouse
The energy that causes the movement of air called wind originates at the sun.
True
False
As air cools down ____________________________.
it falls because it becomes less dense.
it falls because it becomes more dense.
it rises because it becomes less dense.
it rises because it becomes more dense.
The global winds that drive most weather in the United States are the __________.
polar easterlies
prevailing westerlies
southeasterlies
trade winds
Air at the top of the troposphere that moves cold air from the poles towards the tropics is called _________________________.
the jet stream.
the trade winds.
the polar easterlies.
the Coriolis effect.
Which of the following statements is true?
the land heats and cools more slowly than the water
the land heats and cools more quickly than the water
air moves more easily over water than over land
air moves more easily over land than over water
Which of the following statements is true?
The Coriolis Effect causes wind and water to turn to the right in the Northern hemisphere.
The Coriolis Effect is caused by the Earth’s rotation.
The Coriolis Effect caused the Trade winds to flow from the east to the west.
The other statements are ALL true.
A severe weather watch means which of the following?
It is the season during which the type of severe weather concerned occurs.
The conditions are right for severe weather, but it is not occurring yet.
Severe weather is occurring.
Severe weather has passed through and it is now safe to go outside.
Climate is referred to as ______________________.
the average atmospheric conditions for an area over a long period of time.
the day to day weather conditions.
the change in weather from week to week.
the change in weather from year to year.
What instrument measures atmospheric pressure?
hygrometer
wind vane
thermometer
anemometer
barometer
Wind always moves from areas of ____________ pressure to areas of ___________ pressure
high pressure to low pressure
low pressure to high pressure
Which of the following statements is not correct about the sun's electromagnetic energy?
It forms a continuous spectrum that includes radio waves and gamma rays.
Some animals can see all wavelengths of electromagnetic energy.
The visible spectrum contains only those waves we can see.
About 93% of the sun's emitted energy is electromagnetic energy.
The moon's surface gravity is what fraction of the earth's surface gravity?
1/8
1/3
1/6
1/2
The moon has a very thin atmosphere because it __________.
is too hot
rotates too fast
has too little mass (gravity)
has a large escape velocity
Most lunar craters appear to have formed __________.
from numerous volcanic eruptions
as a result of meteoroid and asteroid impacts
at Creation
petrified bubbles of magma after they burst
How many times does the moon rotate during one revolution around the earth?
once
twice
28 times
365 1/4 times
During the last half of the lunar month the moon is said to be __________.
new
gibbous
waxing
waning
What do we call the lunar phase that comes right after the full moon?
first quarter
waxing gibbous
waning gibbous
last quarter
The vernal equinox occurs near __________.
March 20
June 21
September 23
December 21
In what phase of its cycle must the moon be for a total lunar eclipse to take place?
first quarter
last quarter
new moon
full moon
What type of electromagnetic waves causes skin cancer?
infrared
ultraviolet
visible
microwaves
What is the biggest cause of Earth’s tides?
The rotation of the Earth.
The revolution of the Earth.
The gravitational pull of the Sun.
The gravitational pull of the Moon.
According to the Bible, why did God create the sun, moon, and stars?
To be for signs and for seasons.
To indicate days and years.
To give light upon the earth.
To separate the light from the darkness.
ALL of the other answers combined.
When is there 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night time?
Summer Solstice.
Summer and Winter Solstice.
Vernal Equinox.
Vernal and Autumnal Equinox.
The creation story in the Bible perfectly agrees with both The Big Bang Theory, and The Nebular Hypothesis.
True
False
A rotation is the motion of an astronomical object around another astronomical object.
True
False
More people can see a solar eclipse than a lunar eclipse.
True
False
A solar eclipse occurs when the earth, moon, and sun are lined up in the following order:
Sun - Earth - Moon
Sun - Moon - Earth
Moon - Sun - Earth
Earth - Sun - Moon
Why does the Earth have seasons?
The earth moves closer and farther away from the sun.
The Earth rotates and the side of the Earth facing the Sun has summer, while the side of the Earth away from the Sun has winter.
One side of the Sun is hotter than the other side.
The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted.
Why aren't there solar and lunar eclipses every time the moon orbits the earth?
The moon is moving farther away and closer to the Earth.
The Earth's rotation and the Moon's rotation don't line up most of the time.
The Moon's orbit is tilted
The Moon's axis of rotation is tilted.
