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WorksheetsLiving Environment Regents Questions
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 3hrs 56mins
Which statement is characteristic of reproduction in humans?
The reproductive cells of males and females differ in chromosome number.
Males and females produce gametes in the ovaries.
Males and females produce the same number of gametes.
The reproductive cycles of males and females are regulated by hormones.
A diagram of the female reproductive system is shown below. Identify the structure within which the egg cell is normally fertilized.
A
B
C
D
Five different living organisms are represented below. Which statement about the organisms represented above is correct?
All of the organisms are autotrophs.
Only the flowering plant, green heron, and aquatic plant carry out photosynthesis.
Only the frog and green heron can maintain homeostasis
All of the organisms pass on traits through reproduction.
Research has shown that treadmill training increases the number of certain energy-releasing structures in the brain cells of rats.The cellular structures referred to in this study are most likely
mitochondria
nuclei
vacuoles
ribosomes
Acid rain is a major problem in the Adirondack Mountains. Evidence that acid rain negatively affected the Adirondack ecosystem is that
this rain has increased the amount of water in Adirondack lakes
there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes
the amount of carbon dioxide in the air over the Adirondack Mountains has drastically decreased in recent years
the number of heterotrophic organisms in Adirondack lakes has increased
Which two systems work together to maintain homeostasis while transporting oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide?
circulatory and respiratory
respiratory and excretory
circulatory and digestive
respiratory and digestive
Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain
antibodies
antibiotics
white blood cells
weakened pathogens
Building large manufacturing facilities can affect ecosystems by increasing the
atmospheric quality
biodiversity in the area
demand for resources such as fossil fuels
availability of space and resources for organisms
An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that
all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food
amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule
single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms
structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms
White blood cells are most closely associated with which two body systems?
circulatory and digestive
immune and circulatory
digestive and excretory
excretory and immune
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful.
Anhidrosis most directly interferes with:
a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis
an immune system response to harmless antigens
the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system
the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells
The hair colors of the members of a family are listed below.
mother – brown hair
father – blond hair
older son – brown hair
younger son – blond hair
The hair colors of the sons are most likely a direct result of
natural selection in males
heredity
evolution
environmental influences
Carmine, a compound that comes from the cochineal beetle, shown above, is used as a food coloring.The food coloring is not harmful to most people, but in a small number of individuals, it causes a reaction and affects their ability to breathe. This response to carmine is known as
a stimulus
an allergy
natural selection
an adaptation
As a way to reduce the number of cases of malaria, a human tropical disease, a specific DNA sequence is inserted into the reproductive cells of Anopheles mosquitoes. Which process was most likely used to alter these mosquitoes? cloning studies
cloning studies
genetic engineering
natural selection
random mutations
Which group of organisms in an ecosystem fills the niche of recycling organic matter back to the environment?
carnivores
decomposers
producers
predators
The governments of many countries have regulations that are designed to prevent the accidental introduction of nonnative insects into their countries. This is because, in these new habitats, the nonnative insects might
become food for birds
not survive a cold winter
not have natural predators
add to the biodiversity
The process of transferring energy during respiration occurs in a series of steps. This prevents too much heat from being released at one time. Maintaining an appropriate temperature is beneficial to an organism because
enzymes need a proper range of temperatures to catalyze vital reactions
cellular waste products can only be excreted in cooler temperatures
hormones can only produce antibodies if temperatures are not excessive
nutrients diffuse faster into cells when temperatures are lower
The role of antibodies in the human body is to
stimulate pathogen reproduction to produce additional white blood cells
increase the production of guard cells to defend against pathogens
promote the production of antigens to stimulate an immune response
recognize foreign antigens and mark them for destruction
Producers are generally found at the beginning of a food chain. Which statement best explains why this is true?
Producers are usually smaller in size than consumers.
Producers do not rely on other organisms for food
There are always more consumers than producers in food chains.
Consumers are always more complex organisms than producers.
A lion cub resembles its parents because it inherits genes that produce
DNA identical to all of the DNA found in both parents
proteins identical to all of the proteins found in both parents
ATP identical to some of the ATP found in each parent
enzymes identical to some of the enzymes found in each parent
The diagram below represents relationships in an ecosystem. What is the primary source of energy in this environment?
cellular respiration in the plants
energy from minerals in the soil
fossil fuels
solar energy
The diagram below represents the formation of a cancerous growth. Which statement best explains the events represented in this diagram?
A gene mutation caused the cells to become muscle cells.
The growth resulted from the introduction of a vaccine.
A gene mutation caused abnormal mitotic cell division
The growth resulted from uncontrolled meiotic cell division.
A standard laboratory technique used to produce a new plant is represented in the diagram below. This technique is best identified as
gene alteration
selective breeding
replication
cloning
Which statement best explains why different body cells of the same individual look and function differently?
Each cell contains different genes
Different genes are activated in different kinds of cells.
Cells are able to change to adapt to their surroundings.
Half of the genes in the cells came from the mother and half from the father.
The development of organs and tissues from a zygote includes
mitosis and differentiation
mitosis and gamete production
meiosis and gamete production
meiosis and fertilization
The Cornell University News Service reported, “The sugar maple is the most economically valuable tree in the eastern United States because of its high-priced lumber, syrup and tourist-attracting fall colors.” The effects of acid rain now threaten the survival of these trees. This threat is the result of a human activity that has
introduced a foreign species by accident
stabilized a forest ecosystem through technology
weakened an ecosystem through pollution
weakened a species by direct harvesting
The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to
form the membranes that surround mitochondria
act as a catalyst for cellular reactions
supply energy for the body
provide building blocks for amino acids
The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual’s
cellular organization
nutrition
inheritance
metabolic activity
Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis?
Scientists at Penn State have sequenced the DNA of the extinct woolly mammoth. The data suggested that the woolly mammoth was more closely related to present-day elephants than previously believed.
Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?
Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation
Present-day species developed from earlier, different species
Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive.
Both animals have identical genetic information
The theory of evolution states that
species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species
different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species
species change over time, sometimes developing into new species
the environment of Earth is constant over time
Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be
variations within a species
extinction of the species
asexual reproduction
no change in the genes of an organism
Natural selection is best described as
a change in an organism in response to a need of that organism
a process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect
differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics
inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism
Which sequence best represents the levels of organization in a paramecium, a single-celled organism?
cells→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism
organelles→organ systems→organism
cells→organs→organ systems→organism
organelles→organism
Which technique could be used to make the structures in the cells more visible when using a compound light microscope?
paper chromatography
staining
electrophoresis
gene manipulation
Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?
lysosome - synthesize carbohydrates
mitochondria - synthesize proteins
chloroplast - site for photosynthesis
nucleus - site for cellular respiration
What substance would you predict was added to the cells to cause the change shown?
Distilled Water
Tap Water
Salt Water
Gummy Bears
Which structure is present in plant, but not animal cells?
A
B
E
F
What is number 1 and what does it do?
ribosome; protein synthesis
ribosome; cellular respiration
mitochondrion; cellular respiration
nucleus; controls cell activities
What statement is true about asexual reproduction?
It involves one parent
It makes unique offspring
Sperm and egg combine
It uses meiosis
The diagram below represents a system in the human body. The primary function of structure X is to
produce energy needed for sperm to move
produce and store urine
provide food for the sperm to carry to the egg
form gametes that may be involved in fertilization
Which of the following describes the control group?
The group with the most constant variables
The group with the largest sample size
The group that does not receive the independent variable
The group that does not receive the dependent variable
You think adding peanuts to soil makes plants grow taller. What would be the dependent variable?
The group that gets peanuts in the soil
The soil
The height of the plant
The plants are grown in the same size container.
Even though human proteins are synthesized
from only 20 different amino acids, there are
thousands of different proteins found in human
cells. This great variety of proteins is possible
because the
size of a specific amino acid can vary within
a protein
chemical composition of a specific amino
acid can vary
sequence and number of amino acids can be
different in each protein
same amino acid can have many different
properties
In order to enter cells and be useful to the body,
starch must be
absorbed through the skin
broken down into fats and water
digested into simple sugars
digested into simple sugars
The diagram below represents the region
between two nerve cells. Cell A releases a
chemical that travels to and binds with structure
X on cell B.
Structure X most likely represents
a receptor molecule
an inorganic substance
a ribosome
an antibody
Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at
faster rates in living organisms are known as
biotic resources
organic catalysts
simple sugars
oxygen molecules
The shape of a protein is originally determined
by the
size of the protein molecule
location of the protein within the cell
arrangement of amino acids in the protein
function the protein must carry out
Which row in the chart contains correct information concerning synthesis?
1
2
3
4
Which organisms and set of characteristics are correctly paired?
fungi—carry out photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
plants—carry out respiration and autotrophic nutrition
decomposers—carry out photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition
animals—carry out autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition
If the areas labeled were completely blocked on both sides, the most likely result would be that
egg and estrogen production would stop
sperm and insulin production would stop
fertilization would not occur
an embryo would develop
Finches on the Galapagos Islands express a variety of traits. Variability in the offspring of these finches is a result of
mutation and cloning
meiosis and mutation
mitosis and asexual reproduction
mitosis and genetic recombination
A sequence of events is represented in the diagram. Which statement best describes a result of this process?
The spider from which the DNA sample was obtained can no longer produce spider silk.
The goat milk now contains DNA molecules made of spider silk proteins.
Both the spider and the goat can now produce both spider silk and goat milk.
Spider silk proteins can now be produced in large quantities without killing spiders to obtain them.
In the lab activity Making Connections, an experiment was designed to test the effect of exercise on the ability to squeeze a clothespin. The number of times the clothespin was squeezed served as the
independent variable
dependent variable
hypothesis
control
Red onion cells undergo the change represented in the diagram below. This change is most likely caused by the cell being transferred from
distilled water to starch indicator
distilled water to salt water
salt water to tap water
salt water to distilled water
Which chemicals are used to cut DNA into fragments for a gel electrophoresis procedure?
molecular bases
restriction enzymes
hormones
ATP molecules
The term for any substance that shows the presence of another substance.
Benedict's Solution
Lugol's Solution
Indicator
Solution
What did the beak type of finches on different islands tell Darwin?
Finch populations evolved over time to favor beaks based on food type
Finch populations had not evolved over time
The finch beaks had no relationship to the available food on the islands
Humans artificially selected finches based on their desired beak type
Which molecule is too large to cross the cell membrane?
water
glucose
O2
starch
An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.
In this investigation, the independent variable is the
control
exercise
rate of squeezing
number of participants
If a control group is not included in an experiment, it would be difficult to
formulate a hypothesis for the experiment
make observations about the experimental group
record data in a data table
draw a valid conclusion
