Which of the following is NOT common to both mitosis and meiosis?

The genetic code is the set of instructions that translates genetic material into proteins. This code defines how sequences of three nucleotides specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. Each sequence of three nucleotides is called —

Which term most accurately describes the shapes of a DNA molecule?

During division, the code for the protein cytochrome-C had the code for proline changed to the code for leucine. This type of change in the genetic material is known as a –

Which of the following shows a mutation that does not change the shape or the chemical nature of the protein so that it still functions normally?

During division, the code for the protein cytochrome-C had the code for proline changed to the code for leucine. This type of change in the genetic material is known as a –

The chart shows a dihybrid cross between pea plants. What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross?

In guinea pigs, the allele for a rough coat (R) is dominant over the allele for a smooth coat (r). A guinea pig with a rough coat is mated with a guinea pig with a smooth coat. Of the three offspring, 1 has a smooth coat. What is the probability that their next offspring will have a smooth coat?

What do members of archae, bacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia taxonomic groups have in common?

The genotypes of four offspring are shown in the table. If one parent’s genotype is xx, what is the genotype of the second parent?

The diagram below shows a section of DNA undergoing the transcription process. The purpose of transcription is to create —

Which of the following best describes the process that diagram 2 represents?

In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes?

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown below.

3’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5’

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand

The Himalayan rabbit’s habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these bests explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemical elements present in four different samples.

Which sample was most likely DNA?

In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture. What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?

In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was among the first scientists to contribute to the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan’s investigations into heredity in fruit flies led him to propose that the event represented in the diagram sometimes occurs. Which statement about the event represented in the diagram is valid?

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

Scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?

Homologous structures are defined as anatomical structures originating from the same structure in ancestral form. For instance, a bird's wing and the front flippers of a seal are examples of homologous structures. Which of the following does the presence of homologous structures in vertebrates suggest?

The position and shape of the bones in the forelimbs of four present-day vertebrates were studied. Two of the organisms seemed to be more closely related to each other than to the other vertebrates. This relationship was most likely based on evidence using the field of —

According to Darwin's theory on natural selection, the traits that survive and continue in future generations are –

Survival of the fittest can best be described as –

Each labeled area of this diagram represents organisms in a taxonomic level. In this diagram, level A represents marine mammals. The area of the diagram labeled B most likely represents which of the following taxonomic levels?

Which characteristic should be used to classify the horse and cow in one group and all the other organisms in another group?

Scientists compared the fossil remains of a species that lived 5,000 years ago to members of the same species living today. Scientists concluded that the species changed very little over this period of time. Which statement best accounts for this lack of change?

Which process results in greater genetic diversity in offspring?

The knowledge of the species name of an organism most importantly indicates for scientists –

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

A student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Ciliophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia. Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different —

Which list correctly identifies characteristics that protists share with animals?

The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states. Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?

The gray squirrel, Eastern fox squirrel, and red squirrel are all different species of squirrels. Why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important?

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?

Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related species to appear.

Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?

The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram. Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders?

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus

bones?

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. THis epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?

In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of protein in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was the newly identified molecule?

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?

Health professionals sometimes recommend nutritional supplements that contain a variety of species of bacteria to promote good digestive health. The product label for one of these supplements is shown. Why does this type of bacteria-filled supplement benefit human health instead of causing illness?

In the early 1980s scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

Kidneys are part of the excretory system in a human body. They purify the impure blood and send it back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of plasma to the kidneys?

Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower. Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?

The complex carbohydrates pictured below are made by linking molecules of glucose. In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely —

Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?

Why is blood considered a tissue?

The diagram shows an energy pyramid.

Which level will contain plants?

Approximately what percentage of energy is passed on to the next higher level in an energy pyramid?

Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

What do the arrows in the diagram represent?