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Chemistry in Living Systems Review

Total questions: 148

Worksheet time: 5hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a subatomic particle with a positive charge that is in the nucleus of an atom?

a)

neutron

b)

proton

c)

electron

d)

valence electron

2.

What is a subatomic particle without an electric charge, located in the nucleus of an atom?

a)

neutron

b)

proton

c)

electron

d)

valence electron

3.

What is a subatomic particle with a negative charge? It is found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

a)

neutron

b)

proton

c)

electron

d)

electron cloud

4.

What is the center of an atom containing protons and neutrons?

a)

nucleus

b)

neutron

c)

proton

d)

electron cloud

5.

What is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom that determines the chemical properties of an atom?

a)

mass number

b)

atomic mass

c)

atomic number

d)

atomic symbol

6.

What is the combined mass of all the protons and neutrons of an atom and is approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons?

a)

atomic mass

b)

atomic number

c)

subatomic particles

d)

nucleus weight

7.

What is material that has mass and takes up space?

a)

volume

b)

mass

c)

matter

d)

density

8.

What mass does a neutron have?

a)

1 amu

b)

0 amu

c)

-1 amu

d)

+2 amu

9.
Atoms of the same element must always have the same number of _________
a)
electrons
b)
neutrons
c)
isotopes
d)
protons
10.

The mass number of an element that has 18 protons, 18 electrons, and 19 neutrons is _____.

a)

12.5

b)

13

c)

25

d)

37

11.

If an atom has 7 protons and 7 electrons, its electric charge is ---

a)

-7

b)

-14

c)

0

d)

+7

12.

Atoms gain lose, gain, or ______electrons to get a stable outer energy level.

a)

share

b)

split

c)

create

d)

destroy

13.

A _______ is the force that holds atoms together in a compound.

a)

Chemical Formula

b)

Chemical Reaction

c)

Chemical Bond

d)

Synthesis Reaction

14.

An atom with a different number of electrons than it should have (more or less) is called an ---

a)

isotope

b)

valence electron

c)

ion

d)

octet

15.
What kind of bond forms when atoms exchange electrons?
a)
ionic
b)
covalent
c)
artificial
d)
univalent
16.
If an atom loses two electrons what charge will it have?
a)
-2
b)
-1
c)
+1
d)
+2
17.
If an atom gains two electrons what charge will it have?
a)
-2
b)
-1
c)
+1
d)
+2
18.

Which of the following describes covalent bonds?

a)

Bonds form because of opposite charges

b)

electrons are shared to fill outer electron shells

c)

Electrons are transferred between atoms

d)

Covalent bonds are magical

19.

Which statement best describes the relationship between atoms & molecules.

a)

molecules are made of atoms that are chemically bonded together.

b)

atoms are made of molecules that are chemically bonded together.

c)

molecules are made of a mixture of atoms and compounds.

d)

atoms are made of protons, neutrons & electrons.

20.
What is the CHEMICAL FORMULA for the molecular model pictured above?
a)
CH
b)
C4H4
c)
CH4
d)
C4H
21.

Molecules can ONLY be made of one type of atom - True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

22.

The building blocks of all matter are...

a)

atoms

b)

molecules

23.

Based on the picture shown, what can you conclude about water and hydrogen peroxide?

a)

Since water and hydrogen peroxide are both made of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, they have the same properties.

b)

Water and hydrogen peroxide have a different number of oxygen atoms, which means they are different substances and may have different properties.

24.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
25.
Attractions between water molecules are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
26.
Which is NOT a unique property of water?
a)
Frozen water floats on liquid water.
b)
Water covers most of the Earth’s surface and retains a large amount of heat.
c)
Water molecules stick to each other through hydrogen bonds.
d)
Water cools very rapidly.
27.
Why does ice float?
a)
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
b)
As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
c)
As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
d)
As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
28.
Water is polar because...
a)
The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near its hydrogen atoms.
b)
The molecule has two poles, at which the it is colder than other regions of the molecule.
c)
The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its hydrogen atoms and a slight positive charge near its oxygen atom.
d)
The water molecule is neutral.
29.
Which types of compounds dissolve easily in water?
a)
Polar and Nonpolar
b)
Polar and Ionic
c)
Nonpolar and Ionic
d)
Covalent and Nonpolar
30.

The bond that holds the Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms together in a water molecule is a ________ bond.

a)

ionic

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Covalent

d)

Weak

31.

Water is a polar molecule, which means it has a positive and a negative side. Hydrogen bonds form when:

a)

The positive end of one water molecule bonds to the positive end of another water molecule.

b)

The negative end of one water molecule bonds to the negative end of another water molecule.

c)

The positive end of one water molecule bonds to the negative end of another water molecule.

32.

The ability of water molecules to stick to each other, creating surface tension is called:

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Insulation

d)

Ph

33.

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the

a)

solvent

b)

solute

c)

solution

d)

reactant

34.

A substance with a pH of 6 is called a....

a)

Base

b)

Acid

35.

Oil and water don't mix because oil is

a)

hydrophilic

b)

hydrophobic

c)

an emulsifier

d)

a buffer

36.

Water in a cup will help prevent the cup from burning up over a flame due to this property of water

a)

high specific heat

b)

capillary action

c)

surface tension

d)

greatest density at 4 oC

37.
Pure water has a pH of 7. Pure water _______.
a)
is a base
b)
is a neutral substance
c)
could be either an acid or a base
d)
is an acid
38.
Human blood has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Which of the following best describes human blood?
a)
strongly acidic
b)
slightly acidic
c)
strongly basic
d)
slightly basic
39.
Which is the stronger acid?
a)
pH 1
b)
pH 4
c)
pH 8
d)
pH 13
40.
Which has a pH above 7?
a)
Acid
b)
Base
41.
Which has a pH below 7?
a)
Acid
b)
Base
42.
Element or compound?
H2O
a)
element
b)
compound
43.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
a)
It states that no matter can be created or destroyed.
b)
It states that no energy can be created or destroyed.
c)
It states that matter can be created or destroyed.
d)
It states that no sound can be created or destroyed.
44.
Which of the following models best demonstrates a balanced chemical equation?
a)
F
b)
G
c)
H
d)
J
45.
Chemical reactions occur when _________ are broken and new bonds are formed.
a)
mixtures
b)
osteoclasts
c)
physical bonds
d)
chemical bonds
46.

Which are the reactants in the following reaction?

2Mg + O2 ---> 2MgO

a)

Mg and O2

b)

MgO

c)

Mg and MgO

d)

O2 and MgO

47.

In the equation shown, what are the reactant(s)?

a)

N2 + H2

b)

NH3

48.

In the equation shown, what are the product(s)?

a)

N2 + H2

b)

NH3

49.

Is this equation balanced?

a)

Yes

b)

No

50.

Is this equation balanced?

a)

Yes

b)

No

51.
A catalyst works by
a)
changing the order of the reaction
b)
increasing the temperature
c)
lowering the activation energy
d)
making the activated complex
52.

Are the products or reactants of this reaction storing more energy in their chemical bonds?

a)

Both storing the same

b)

No way to tell

c)

Products

d)

Reactants

53.

What type of reaction is this?

a)

Exothermic

b)

Endothermic

c)

Energy Producing

d)

No way to tell

54.

In an endothermic reaction, energy is _________.

a)

absorbed

b)

released

55.

_____ reactions usually feel hot!

a)

endothermic

b)

exothermic

56.

____ reactions usually feel cold.

a)

endothermic

b)

exothermic

57.

The graph above is from which type of reaction?

a)

Endothermic reaction

b)

Exothermic Reaction

58.

The graph above is from which type of reaction?

a)

Endothermic reaction

b)

Exothermic reaction

59.

The minimum amount of energy needed for colliding particles to react is called the

a)

Chemical Energy

b)

Kinetic Energy

c)

Activation Energy

d)

Potential Energy

60.

What is the name given to a catalyst in the human body?

a)

Biology

b)

Catalyst

c)

Chemical

d)

Enzyme

61.

Which of the reaction pathway shows the catalysed reaction?

a)

1

b)

2

62.

When a catalyst is added to a reaction the rate of reaction,,,

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Does not change

63.

A catalyst be regenerated or used again and again

a)

False

b)

True

64.

How many bonds will a C atom form?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

65.

What type of compounds have at least 1C atom bonded to at least 1H atom?

a)

inorganic

b)

organic

c)

ionic

66.

6 Carbon atoms can form many different compounds.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

67.
Proteins are composed of what smaller subunits?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleic acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
nucleotides
68.
What are the monomers of DNA?
a)
glycerols
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
nucleotides
69.
Lipids can be digested into what smaller subunits?
a)
nucleic acids
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
glucose
70.
Which group of biomolecules provides quick energy to organisms?
a)
proteins
b)
carbohydrates
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
71.
Genetic information is stored in which class of organic compounds?
a)
proteins
b)
lipids
c)
nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates
72.
Which group of organic molecules serve as long-term energy storage and waterproof coverings?
a)
proteins
b)
carbohydrates
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
73.
Building block of ...
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
74.

Building block of ...

a)

nucleic acids

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

polysaccharides

e)

waxes

75.

A chain of repeating units (called monomers)

a)

monomer

b)

dimer

c)

replicate

d)

polymer

76.

Define polymer

a)

circular molecule made with many repeating units

b)

short molecule made of a few repeating units

c)

long, chain-like molecule made of repeating units

d)

chain-like molecule that contains hydrogen and oxygen

77.

What kind of chemical bonds create polymers?

a)

ionic

b)

covalent

c)

hydrogen

d)

metallic

78.
The elements, ____________________, are found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
b)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
c)
Carbon and Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
79.
DNA and RNA are examples of ___________.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
80.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of ___________.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
81.
Which type of biological macromolecule are enzymes?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
82.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
Store and transmit genetic information
b)
Store energy (long-term)
c)
Store energy (short-term)
d)
Build skin, hair, nails, and muscles
83.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
84.
Examples of which biological macromolecule include glucose, fructose, starch, and glycogen?
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
85.
Subunit (monomer) is to Macromolecule like ___ is to ____
a)
Building is to Bricks.
b)
Brick is to Building.
c)
Carpenter is to Building.
d)
Building is to Carpenter.
86.
Which macromolecule is made up of a glycerol and fatty acids?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
87.
What does POLY- mean?
a)
Two
b)
A name for a parrot
c)
Many
d)
One
88.
What are the four types of biological macromolecules?
a)
carbohydrates, nucleotides, lipids, amino acids
b)
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
c)
nucleic acids, monosaccharides, proteins, lipids
d)
carbohydrates, amino acids, water, proteins
89.
Which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule?
a)
Water
b)
Lipid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
90.
Why are macromolecules also known as "polymers?"
a)
 Many organisms have macromolecules.
b)
They are large molecules added together. 
c)
There are many types of macromolecules. 
d)
They are large molecules made up of many monomers.
91.
What is one job proteins do NOT have in the body?
a)
Providing energy
b)
Structure and formation
c)
Speeding up chemical reactions
d)
Transporting things through cell membrane
92.
The lipid that makes up the double-layered cell membrane is ___________________.
a)
Cellulose
b)
Phospholipid
c)
Chitin
d)
DNA
93.
Steroids, like cholesterol and hormones, are types of ___________________.
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic acids
d)
Proteins
94.
__________________ provide us with quick energy, while _________________ are our secondary energy source.
a)
Lipids, proteins
b)
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids
c)
Proteins, carbohydrates
d)
Carbohydrates, lipids
95.
The three shapes that carbon-containing compounds take are branched, straight chain, and ____________.
a)
Ring
b)
Single-file line
c)
Box
d)
Double row
96.

Which of the following does NOT belong to the classification of lipids?

a)

a. hemoglobin

b)

b. phospholipids

c)

c. steroid

d)

d. triglyceride

97.

Proteins are composed of four elements, namely: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and what other element?

a)

a. magnesium

b)

b. nitrogen

c)

c. phosphorous

d)

d. sulfur

98.

Which is not a part of a nucleotide?

a)

a. nitrogenous base

b)

b. phosphate group

c)

c. ribonucleic acid

d)

d. sugar

99.
What is the function of ATP in living things?
a)
provides energy for cells
b)
stores genetic information
c)
provides structure in the nucleus
100.
What does the "TP" in ATP stand for?
a)
2 phosphates
b)
tri (3) phosphates
c)
Two proteins
d)
tri (3) proteins
101.
What are the parts of the ATP molecule?
a)
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
b)
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
c)
adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
d)
NADH, NAHPH, FADH
102.
Which bond of the ATP molecule is broken in order to release energy?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
103.
Where is the energy stored in ATP molecules
a)
In the Ribose Sugar
b)
In the Adenine group
c)
In the Phosphate bonds
d)
In the Bank
104.
What type of macromolecule is ATP/ADP?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid
d)
Protein
105.
A phospholipid has 2 parts. What are they called? 
a)
Hydrophilic Head, Hydrophobic Tail 
b)
Hydrophobic Head, Hydrophilic Tail 
106.
"Water Loving"
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
107.
"Water Fearing" 
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
108.
___________ allow cells to recognize each other and act like ID tags. 
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
109.
___________ strengthens and stabilizes the cell membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
110.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
111.
___________ form the two layers of the cell membrane. 
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
112.
It forms a boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell. 
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Lipid Cleric Layer
c)
Membrane Gate
d)
Protein Receptors 
113.
Controls the passage of materials inside and outside of the cell. 
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Lipid Cleric Layer
c)
Membrane Gate
d)
Protein Receptors 
114.
Something is ___________ ____________
when some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot. 
a)
Selectively (or Semi) Permeable 
b)
Totally Transparent
c)
Liquid Licorice 
d)
Heavily Patrolled 
115.
What is this image?
a)
cell membrane
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
lipids
116.
What is NOT TRUE about the cell membrane
a)
It controls what enters and leaves the cell
b)
Semipermeable
c)
Phospholipid bilayer
d)
Contains digestive enzymes
117.
What does "bilayer" mean?
a)
one layer
b)
two layers
c)
laminated
d)
bilateral
118.
What does "bilayer" mean?
a)
one layer
b)
two layers
c)
laminated
d)
bilateral
119.
What do the brown structures represent?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Glycoproteins
c)
Channel Proteins 
d)
Cyctoskeleton Filaments
120.
What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
proteins
b)
salt
c)
water
d)
trapped animals
121.
What forms the channels and pumps in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
hydrophilic heads 
d)
lipids
122.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
123.
Hydrophilic portion of cell membrane?
a)
A
b)
C
c)
D
d)
E 
124.

When the number of water molecules outside of the cell is greater than inside the cell, which will most likely occur?

a)

Molecules of water will NOT MOVE either way.

b)

Molecules of water will move OUT of the cell.

c)

Molecules of water will move INTO the cell.

d)

Molecules of water will EVAPORATE.

125.

Cell membranes are described as selectively permeable.

Four students were asked to explain what this means. Which one is correct?

a)

Student 1: Cell membranes prevent all materials from entering the cell.

b)

Student 2: Cell membranes only provide structural support for the cell.

c)

Student 3: Cell membranes regulate which substances can enter and exit the cell.

d)

Student 4: Cell membranes allow water and water-soluble substances to enter the cell.

126.

The processes of diffusion AND active transport are both used to...

a)

break down molecules to release energy

b)

move molecules into or out of cells of the body

c)

bring molecules into cells ONLY when they are more concentrated outside of the cell

d)

move molecules ONLY against a concentration gradient, using ATP molecules

127.
What is diffusion?
a)
when molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration 
b)
when molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration.
c)
no movement 
d)
molecules move everywhere
128.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
129.
Which way will the water molecules move during osmosis?
a)
Out of the cell, so the cell shrinks.
b)
Out of the cell, so the cell swells.
c)
Into the cell, so the cell shrinks.
d)
Into the cell, so the cell swells.
130.
Diffusion can be used in...
a)
Plants and Animals
b)
Only Plants
c)
Only Animals
d)
Only Humans
131.
What does “high concentration area” mean?
a)
Spread out
b)
Tightly packed together
c)
Uncrowded
d)
Spacious
132.

Passive Transport means

a)

Energy is used

b)

No energy is used

c)

Energy is created

133.

Which is not a form of passive transport?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Active transport

d)

Diffusion

134.

Passive transport moves molecules from...

a)

low concentration to high concentration

b)

high concentration to low concentration

135.

Which type of Passive transport uses the help of a transport protein?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Simple diffusion

136.

Active transport is the movement of large materials across a cell membrane from ______ to ______ concentration

a)

high to low

b)

low to high

c)

high to high

d)

low to low

137.

Active transport across a cell membrane from low to high concentration, requires

a)

energy (ATP)

b)

no energy

c)

water

d)

oxygen

138.

Large particles (or large quantities of smaller particles) are moved across the cell membrane with the use of energy.

a)

pump transport

b)

osmosis

c)

bulk transport

d)

CO2 + O2 Transport

139.

A general term for the various types of active transport that move particles into a cell by enclosing them in a vesicle made out of plasma membrane.

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Osmosis

d)

Diffusion

140.

A form of bulk transport in which materials are transported from the inside to the outside of the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Osmosis

d)

Diffusion

141.

white blood cells engulfing invading bacteria is an example of

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Diffusion

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

142.

nerve cells release neurotransmitters across gaps

and secretion of proteins and wastes

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Diffusion

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

143.

small compartment enclosed by a membrane formed during transport of material during endo + exocytosis

a)

vesicles

b)

large vacuole

c)

mitochondria

d)

lysosome

144.

Active transport is movement of particles through the cell membrane from a region of ...1... to a region of ...2... using energy in the form of ...3...

a)

1: lower concentration, 2: higher concentration, 3: NADPH

b)

1: higher concentration, 2: lower concentration, 3: NADPH

c)

1: higher concentration, 2: lower concentration, 3: ATP

d)

1: lower concentration, 2: higher concentration, 3: ATP

145.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
146.
Cells sometimes use energy to transport materials across the cell membrane.  This is called
a)
photosynthesis
b)
osmosis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
active transport
147.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a)
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
b)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
c)
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
d)
Active uses hormones and passive does not 
148.

What might happen if a cell did not have any ATP/energy?

a)

It would not have enough energy to do active transport

b)

It's cell membrane would break

c)

The transport proteins would not be needed.

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