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Spring Semester Review #2

Total questions: 148

Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The similarity or balance among body structures is called ____.

a)

symmetry

b)

cephalization

c)

the evolutionary tree

d)

ectoderm

2.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
3.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
4.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
5.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
6.
What provides direct energy for the virus?
a)
food
b)
its host
c)
the sun
d)
a parasite
7.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
8.
Viruses are cells. 
a)
True 
b)
False
9.
Which of the following occurs after a virus attaches to a host cell in the viral reproduction process?
a)
The host cell dies
b)
The virus dies
c)
The virus inserts its genetic information into the host cell
d)
copies of the virus are immediately released from the host
10.
How could you describe the size of a virus?
a)
Smaller than bacteria
b)
Larger than a parasite
c)
About the size of a dime
d)
Smaller than a proton
11.
Communicable diseases are
a)
not contagious
b)
conditions that people are born with
c)
passed from one person to another
d)
caused through hereditary factors
12.
The smallest and simpliest forms of life are called
a)
bacteria
b)
virus
c)
fungi
d)
protozoa
13.
What was used to make the smallpox vaccine?
a)
Cowpox
b)
Chickenpox
c)
Penicillin
d)
Bacteria from soil
14.
Turn down for - 
a)
who
b)
what
c)
when
d)
virus
15.
Microorganisms can be found:
a)
The the ocean, inside and outside your body
b)
On plants and animals
c)
In medicine and your food
d)
All of the above
16.
Harmful viruses can cause:
a)
Colds
b)
Influenza
c)
Both of the above
d)
Neither of the above
17.
A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Protist
d)
Fungi
18.

Most microorganisms cannot be seen without a

a)

telescope

b)

periscope

c)

microscope

19.
Which of the following is NOT a category of microorganisms?
a)
animals
b)
bacteria
c)
fungi
d)
viruses
20.
Which argument should the student use to support a claim that some bacteria are harmful to larger organisms?
a)
Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria reproduce faster when they are cooked at high temperatures.
b)
Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria become toxic when cooked at high temperatures
c)
Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria make food taste bad when it is not cooked properly
d)
Some bacteria can harm humans because bacteria can cause food poisoning when contaminated food is not cooked properly. 
21.
Prokaryotes are unlike all other organisms in that their cells 
a)
do not have a nucleus
b)
have organelles
c)
have cell walls
22.

Salmonella is caused by a bacteria. What would be most effective in treating it?

a)

vaccinations

b)

antibiotics

c)

fungal creams

d)

eating a healthy diet

23.

As a scientist, you observe this microorganism under a microscope. Based on its shape and the fact you know it is nonliving, you would classify it as a:

a)

virus

b)

fungus

c)

bacteria

d)

prokaryotic cell

24.
This is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds the organelles in place.
a)
chloroplast
b)
cytoplasm
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochodria
25.
What is a way that you can protect yourself from microorganisms that can live on food?
a)
Store uncooked meats in a refrigerator or freezer. 
b)
Wash hands with soap and water before and after handling food.
c)
Cook chicken and other raw meats thoroughly.
d)
All of the above
26.

Bacteria are

a)

Prokaryotes

b)

Non living things

c)

Eukaryotes

27.

Viruses are considered

a)

living things

b)

non-living things

c)

partially living things

28.

Which viral cycle takes the longest to show symptoms?

a)

Lysogenic

b)

Lytic

29.

What is the first step to both viral cycles?

a)

The virus attaches to a host

b)

the virus injects genetic material

c)

the host gets sick

d)

the cell is destroyed

30.

When the viral DNA becomes active in the lysogenic cycle, which life cycle does it enter?

a)

lytic

b)

lysogenic

c)

cell cycle

d)

DNA replication

31.

If Andy is feeling symptoms from a virus that he contracted, the virus must be in the

a)

lytic cycle

b)

lysogenic cycle

c)

the capsid bursts

d)

the virus becomes dormant

32.
What is shown here?
a)
Lysogenic Cycle
b)
Lytic Cycle
c)
Binary Fission
d)
Conjugation
33.
What process is this?
a)
phagocytosis
b)
lytic cycle
c)
lysogenic cycle
d)
formation of antibodies
34.

What happens in the lysogenic cycle?

a)

Virus goes in and leaves the host cell

b)

Virus quickly kills the host cell

c)

Virus injects the nucleic acid into the host cell, and the nucleic acid integrates into the host cell DNA and stays dormant for a long time

d)

Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell

35.

Viruses are considered

a)

living things

b)

non-living things

c)

partially living things

36.

Which cycle of a virus is most destructive to the host?

a)

lytic cycle

b)

lysogenic cycle

37.

This image represents part of the

a)

lytic cycle

b)

lysogenic cycle

38.

Choose the correct order of lytic cycle steps

a)

attachment, entry, assembly, replication, release

b)

attachment, entry, replication, assembly, release

c)

attachment, entry, assembly, release, replication

d)

attachment, release, assembly, replication, entry

39.

A virus in the lysogenic state can be forced into the lytic cycle due to certain stressors

a)

True

b)

False

40.

viruses are non-living because

a)

they cannot reproduce on their own

b)

they do not evolve

c)

they have no DNA

d)

they cannot be destroyed

41.
The lysing of a cell occurs in which phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
5
42.
What is the 1st step of virus infection?
a)
Entry
b)
Attachment
c)
Replication
d)
Assembly
43.
What happens in the lysogenic cycle? 
a)
Virus goes in and leaves the host cell
b)
Virus quickly kills the host cell
c)
Virus inject the nucleic acid into the host cell, and the nucleic acid integrates into the host cell DNA, and stay dormant for a long time
d)
Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell
44.

The two components of a virus are nucleic acid and __________.

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

d)

glucose

45.

A virus is

a)

living

b)

non living

c)

dead

46.

What structure determines the shape of the virus?

a)

capsid

b)

nucleic acid

c)

spikes

d)

envelope

47.

True or False: The shape is important because it allows the virus to recognize and attach to the host cell.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Viruses need a ____________ in order to make copies of themselves.

a)

bacterial cell

b)

host cell

c)

capsid

d)

vaccine

49.

Virus' genetic information contains the code to:

a)

make copies of itself

b)

obtain and use energy

c)

reproduce

d)

grow and develop

50.

Which cycle kills the host cell immediately?

a)

Lytic

b)

Lysogenic

51.

When viral DNA integrates with host cell DNA, this is called a:

a)

capsid

b)

bacteriophage

c)

retrovirus

d)

provirus

52.

During which cycle does a virus's genetic information become a part of the host cell's genetic information?

a)

Lytic

b)

Lysogenic

53.

A virus that goes through the ______ cycle will allow you to feel symptoms immediately due to the cells lysing.

a)

Lytic

b)

Lysogenic

54.

A virus that hides within the host cell for up to years is going through the _______ cycle.

a)

Lytic

b)

Lysogenic

55.

Antibiotics ________ treat viral infections.

a)

can

b)

cannot

56.

One you are infected with a virus, you can only treat the symptoms.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Vaccines are a preventative measure.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

When given a vaccine, your body recognizes it as an invader and builds _________ against the virus.

a)

lysogens

b)

capsids

c)

antibodies

d)

immunoglobulins

59.
A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Protist
d)
Fungi
60.
A preparation of weakened or killed pathogens.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Antibiotic Resistance
c)
Vaccine
d)
Capsid
61.
A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
a)
Protist
b)
Virus
c)
Bacteria
d)
Capsid
62.
The ability of a population of bacteria to survive the lethal effects of an antibiotic.
a)
Vaccine
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Antibiotic Resistance
d)
Capsid
63.
A large group of one-celled organisms that sometimes cause disease .
a)
Virus
b)
Protist
c)
Fungi
d)
Bacteria
64.
Outer protein coat of a virus.
a)
Envelope
b)
Capsid
c)
Cell Wall 
d)
Chitin
65.
Outer layer covering the capsid of many kinds of viruses. 
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Capsid
c)
Envelope
d)
Chitin
66.
The variable that is measured in an experiment.
a)
Independent Variable
b)
Dependent Variable
67.
The variable that is changed in an experiment.
a)
Independent Variable
b)
Dependent Variable
68.
Cycle of viral infection; results in replication of virus and cell destruction.
a)
Lytic Cycle
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Calvin Cycle 
d)
Denitrification
69.
Cycle in which a viral genome replicates as a provirus without destroying the host cell.
a)
Lytic Cycle
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Calvin Cycle
d)
Denitrification
70.
A process of converting nitrate into atmospheric nitrogen, facilitated by microbes.
a)
Kreb's Cycle
b)
Denitrification
c)
Lytic Cycle
d)
Lysogenic Cycle
71.
Eubacteria have cell walls, they are made of:
a)
Chitin
b)
Cellulose
c)
Peptidoglycan
d)
Capsids
72.
This organism has cell walls made of chitin.
a)
Virus
b)
Fungi
c)
Eubacteria
d)
Archaebacteria
73.
Acellular is a way to describe the following:
a)
Bacteria
b)
Protist
c)
Fungi 
d)
Virus
74.
What is the name of a virus that infects bacteria?
a)
Prions
b)
Bacteriophage
c)
Retrovirus
d)
Viroids
75.
 Viruses can reproduce (replicate) on a surface (ex: table, chair, etc.)
a)
True
b)
False
76.
Viruses are considered living organisms. 
a)
True
b)
False
77.
Viruses are highly specific to the host cells that they can infect.
a)
True
b)
False
78.
Antibiotics can be used to treat a viral infection.
a)
True
b)
False
79.
This microorganism has whip-like flagella, that help them move.
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)
Algae
d)
Fungi
80.
All bacteria are
a)
unicellular
b)
multicellular
c)
eukaryotic
81.
Yogurt and cheese  can be produced from ___________.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
c)
Protozoa
d)
Algae
82.
Some bacteria is known as ________________ and cause disease.
a)
pathogens
b)
flagella
c)
influenza
d)
ebola
83.
Bacteria is known as ______________ in an ecosystem when feeding on dead organisms.
a)
decomposers
b)
herbivores
c)
pathogens
d)
infections
84.
The smallest microorganism on earth is known as  _____________
a)
a virus
b)
bacteria
c)
algae
d)
fungi
85.
This microorganism uses host cells to make copies of itself
a)
Protozoa
b)
Fungi
c)
Virus
d)
Bacteria
86.

What is a living thing that is so small you need a microscope to see them?

a)

insect

b)

microorganism

c)

shrimp

d)

daisy

87.

You can find bacteria all over the world.

a)

True

b)

False

88.

Yeast, mold, and mushrooms are part of which category of microorganisms?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Viruses

c)

Fungi

d)

Protists

89.

Bacteria can be both helpful and harmful in food.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

Bacteria in yogurt is harmful.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

What type of fungi is used to help bread rise?

a)

mushrooms

b)

yeast

c)

mold

d)

truffles

92.

Which observation supports the claim that microorganisms are helpful to ecosystems?

a)

Microorganism are to small to been seen without special equipment.

b)

Microorganism need water and energy to survive.

c)

Millions of microorganism can often be found in soil.

d)

Microorganisms break down dead plants and animals, making nutrients available.

93.

Bacteria reprodce asexually by a process called:

a)

Binary fission

b)

Conjugation

c)

Budding

d)

Binary fusion

94.

Chemicals released by bacteria to digest their food:

a)

Hormones

b)

Enzymes

c)

Toxins

d)

Spores

95.

'Milk sugar' is called:

a)

Maltose

b)

Glucose

c)

Lactose

d)

Sucrose

96.

Anaerobic respiration does not require this substance:

a)

Oxygen

b)

Glucose

97.

Bacteria in the yogurt culture create this substance during anaerobic respiration:

a)

Glucose

b)

Lactose

c)

Lactic acid

d)

Ethanol

98.

Which of the following is not a favorable condition for bacterial growth?

a)

Warmth

b)

Moisture

c)

Protein-rich food

d)

Very low pH

99.

The first word in a scientific name is the

a)

species

b)

phylum

c)

genus

d)

class

100.

The scientist who came up with the current classification system

a)

Darwin

b)

Newton

c)

Mendel

d)

Linnaeus

101.

The science of grouping and naming organisms

a)

Phylogeny

b)

Dichotomy

c)

Taxonomy

d)

Genetics

102.

The taxonomic level that would include the MOST number of species

a)

class

b)

kingdom

c)

phylum

d)

genus

103.

What characteristics are used to divide organisms into kingdoms?

a)

number of cells, nucleus, obtaining energy

b)

number of legs, mammal, reptile

c)

obtaining energy, habitat, nucleus

d)

number of cells, eggs or live birth, aquatic or terrestial

104.

Which of the following is the CORRECT form of a scientific name?

a)

canis lupus

b)

Canis Lupus

c)

Canis lupus

d)

canis lupus

105.

A FAMILY of organisms would be grouped into a LARGER taxonomic level of a

a)

phylum

b)

class

c)

genus

d)

order

106.

A FAMILY of organisms would be divided into a SMALLER taxonomic level of a

a)

phylum

b)

genus

c)

class

d)

order

107.

Which taxonomic level would include the LEAST number of organisms?

a)

species

b)

genus

c)

order

d)

phylum

108.

A ________ can be used to classify organisms based on characteristics.

a)

punnet square

b)

phylogenetic chart

c)

trophic pyramid

d)

dichotomous key

109.
An important difference between viruses and living cells is that viruses:
a)
contain more nuclei than cells
b)
need an energy source but cells do not
c)
cannot reproduce outside of cells
d)
cannot mutate but cells can
110.
An important difference between viruses and living cells is that viruses:
a)
contain more nuclei than cells
b)
need an energy source but cells do not
c)
cannot reproduce outside of cells
d)
cannot mutate but cells can
111.
Animals coming from foreign countries are kept in quarantine before being allowed into the United States.  This precaution is taken to help prevent --
a)
the escape of foreign animals into local natural habitats
b)
predator destruction of the foreign animals
c)
the introduction of foreign animal diseases
d)
cross-breeding of native animals with the foreign ones
112.
What characteristic do all living things share?
a)
They all contain a nucleus
b)
They reproduce by mitosis
c)
They need oxygen to survive
d)
They contain DNA
113.
What is an organism called when it contains membrane bound internal organelles?
a)
Heterotroph
b)
Autotroph
c)
Eukaryote
d)
Prokaryote
114.
What is an organism called when it does not contain membrane bound organelles?
a)
Heterotroph
b)
Autotroph
c)
Eukaryote
d)
Prokaryote
115.
What is an organism called when it is unable to produce its own food and must find an external source?
a)
Heterotroph
b)
Autotroph
c)
Eukaryote
d)
Prokaryote
116.
What is an organism called when it is able to produce its own food using light energy?
a)
Heterotroph
b)
Autotroph
c)
Eukaryote
d)
Prokaryote
117.
This kingdom is eukaryotic, uni and multicellular, heterotrophic, and has a cell wall made of chitin.
a)
Plant
b)
Fungi
c)
Animal
d)
Eubacteria
118.
This kingdom is multicellular, autotrophic, and has a cell wall made of cellulose.
a)
Fungi
b)
Plant
c)
Animals
d)
Eubacteria
119.
Escherichia coli is the scientific name of a bacterium.  What category of classification is Escherichia?
a)
Species
b)
Order
c)
Phylum
d)
Genus
120.
What species is bird C?
a)
Dunliin
b)
Osprey
c)
Bald Eagle
d)
Baird's Sparrow
121.
What bird is the closest relative to bird K?
a)
D
b)
J
c)
H
d)
B
122.
Do salamanders have claws?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Maybe
123.
Which types of cells have a cell membrane?
a)
Eukaryotes
b)
Prokaryotes
c)
Both
124.
Which types of cells have membrane bound organelles?
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Both
125.
Which types of organisms have a nucleus
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Both
126.
Which type of organism has DNA, ribosomes, but no nucleus?
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Both
127.
What type of symmetry does a butterfly have?
a)
Bilateral Symmetry
b)
Asymmetry
c)
Radial Symmetry
128.
What does a flagella look like?
a)
Tiny hairs surrounding the whole cell
b)
A blob
c)
A tail
129.
Use the phylogenetic tree.  Which hypothetical organism is the most recent ancestor for Organisms A and G?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
130.
What can a classification system show about an organism?
a)
absolute age of an organism
b)
what an organism is made of
c)
its relationship to other organisms
d)
which organisms are the strongest
131.
Which domain includes all multicellular plants and animals?
a)
Archaea
b)
Eukarya
c)
Eubacteria
d)
Protista
132.
Panthera leo, the scientific name for a lion, is a member of which species?
a)
leo
b)
Animalia
c)
Panthera
d)
mammalia
133.
Which taxonomic category is higher than the others?
a)
class
b)
genus
c)
order
d)
phylum
134.
An organism identified with binomial nomenclature includes which two taxa?
a)
class and order
b)
family and genus
c)
genus and species
d)
kingdom and phylum
135.
Canis lupus, the scientific name for a wolf, is in which genus?
a)
Canis
b)
lupus
c)
Animalia
d)
mammalia
136.
What role did Linnaeus play in classification of organisms?
a)
He classified all life into plants and animals.
b)
He classified all life by where organisms lived.
c)
He started naming organisms using binomial nomenclature.
d)
He utilized DNA technology to form the modern system of naming.
137.
Which two organisms are least closely related?
a)
two organisms from the same kingdom
b)
two organisms from the same order
c)
two organisms from the same family
d)
two organisms from the same genus
138.
The table shows some characteristics of four kingdoms.
Which characteristics would a taxonomist use to classify organisms as Archaebacteria or as Eubacteria?
a)
the internal organization of the cell
b)
the number of cells in an individual
c)
the chemical composition of the cell wall
d)
the nutritional requirements of the organism
139.
Which is used most to determine a true common ancestor for a group of organisms?
a)
karyotype
b)
dichotomous key
c)
phylogenetic tree
d)
mRNA codon chart
140.
How would a dichotomous key be used?
a)
by inserting it into a chamber at a 45 degree angle
b)
by observing specimens and then answering questions about them
c)
by comparing the colors on a strip to the colors obtained during testing
d)
by analyzing a gel agar and recording the distance each fragment had traveled
141.
Examine the phylogenetic tree.
Which two organisms are most closely related?
a)
wolves and sharks
b)
starfish and sharks
c)
protists and sharks
d)
gorillas and sharks
142.
Which can be inferred by viewing a phylogenetic tree?
a)
ancestral lineages
b)
color variation in species
c)
food choice of an organism
d)
probability of extinction in a population
143.
Which is used to classify and name an organism?
a)
karyotype
b)
cladogram
c)
dichotomous key
d)
phylogenetic tree
144.
Examine the dichotomous key.
What features does a Platyspiza have?
a)
stout and heavy beak with a curved lower beak
b)
long, slender beak with a flat and straight lower beak
c)
flat and straight beak with a bend in the lower edge of the upper beak
d)
long and slender beak with the lower edge of the upper beak being flat
145.
What goal does Taxonomy accomplish?
a)
explains the differences between living organisms
b)
classifies living organisms into groups
c)
predicts the types of undiscovered organisms
d)
establishes relationships of organisms with their habitat
146.
Use the data in the table to answer the question.
Which sequence of organisms best represents the relationship between them?
a)
lancelet-lamprey-turtle-tuna-salamander-leopard
b)
lamprey-lancelet-salamander-tuna-turtle-leopard
c)
lancelet-lamprey-tuna-salamander-turtle-leopard
d)
lamprey-tuna-lancelet-turtle-salamander-leopard
147.
Which of the following is an example or organisms with the most recent common ancestor?
a)
a butterfly & a bluebird
b)
a wolf & a mountain lion
c)
an ostrich & a penguin
d)
a moose & an elephant
148.
Which of the following shows the taxa in the correct order?
a)
kingdom-phylum-order-class-family-genus-species
b)
kingdom-class-order-family-phylum-genus-species
c)
kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species
d)
kingdom-phylum-family-order-class-genus-species

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