2 ways to classify joints

bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue

bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

ones are not directly connected, articulate in a fluid filled joint

immobile, good for protecting organs, very stable (skull)

slightly moveable, vertebra and pubic symphysis

Freely movable, all synovial joints, broken down further into 3

categories

Moves along 1 plane, ELBOW

moves in 2 planes, metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle)

Moves in all planes, SHOULDER AND HIP

narrow fibrous joint, skull

bones are widely separated and held together by fibrous tissue

between the root of the tooth and the bony socket

Almost all bones of the skull articulate at a suture; They are much wider in a fetus or baby

When sutures eventually ossify and become closed by bone

2 parallel bones connected by fibrous tissue – ligament or interosseous

membrane; Classified as an amphiarthrosis

Anchors the root of the tooth into the bony socket; Known as a peg and socket joint; Classified as a synarthrosis

Tough, but flexible connective tissue, no joint cavity, 2 types

bones joined by hyaline cartilage like the epiphyseal plate

(temporary) or connected to cartilage like in the ribs (permanent)

bones are joined by fibrocartilage, amphiarthrosis, spinal column

Synovial Joints- Fluid filled joint cavity to allow greater

mobility and movement, reduce friction

Synovial Joints-Must have an articular capsule to hold

fluid

Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating

surface of each bone

Synovial membrane lines the capsule and

secretes synovial fluid (lubrication and

nourishment)

Ligaments (fibrous connective tissue)

hold bones together outside of the

articulating surface

Outside joint capsule

Inside joint capsule

connect bone to bone and support the joint

connect muscle to bone

Structure of Synovial Joints:

strength, shock absorption,

cushioning, and smooth

movement

Structures of Synovial Joints:

thin connective tissue sac

filled with lubricating fluid, they

reduce friction

Structures of Synovial Joints:

similar to a

bursa, but smaller and around a

tendon

Rounded portion of bone enclosed in a ring, uniaxial

diarthrosis joint

A convex bone articulates with a concave bone,

uniaxial joint

Shallow depression articulates with rounded

bone or bones, biaxial joint

Bone is concave in 1 direction and convex in

another direction, biaxial joint

Articulating bones are flat, multiaxial due to form,

but are often constrained by ligament restrictions

rounded head fits into concave

articulation, multiaxial

Sagittal plane

Body movement of the ankle: Toes up

Body movement of the ankle: Toes down

What plane does Abduction and Adduction occur in

Abduction and Adduction

Circumduction

Supination

Pronation

turning foot toward the midline or away from it

Inversion and Eversion

Protraction and Retraction

Anterior to posterior movement of scapula or

mandible

Depression and Elevation of the mandible

Depression and Elevation of the scapula

Side to Side motion of the mandible

Photo on the far right is an example of: Superior and Inferior Rotation

Opposition and Reposition

Moving thumb toward other fingers

Flexion and Extension

between the superior and

inferior articulating processes of each vertebra, plane

joint

Good motion in all directions

Only good for one rotation

Largely prohibits rotation, but good for flexion and extension

Shoulder, largest range of motion and little stability, ball

and socket joint

What bones are in the Elbow Joint

Large socket for greater stability, ball and socket joint, less motion

than the shoulder

largest

joint in the body, 3

articulations in 1 hinge

joint

uniaxial hinge joint, inversion and eversion

come from the subtalar joint