•Anatomy of capillary: Single layer of epithelium (_______)

•Metarteriole continues through capillary bed to ____

Capillaries are close! Every cell in the body is no more than ____ cell diameters from a capillary.

_____ flow is normally how blood flows.

Concentric layers of blood moves in parallel down the length of a blood vessel.

Laminar flow - flows in layers, _____ in center

•__________ (=small veins)-When capillaries unite they form these small veins to carry deoxygenated blood

•_____ - as venules get larger and larger they become _____ . Same anatomy as arteries but whimpier but they do differ from arteries because they contain one way valves

–______ prevent blood back flow. They are one way valves

•________: veins with thin walls, large lumens, no smooth muscle

the time it takes for a drop of blood to go from the heart back again. Normal is 1 minute

pressure of blood on the walls of the blood vessels.

•systolic - diastolic

–important measure of stress exerted on small arteries

–Subtract systolic from diastolic, normal 40 mm Hg

ANSWER #1

•1. Cardiac output

–Increase  Cardiac output  will _____ BP

•2. Blood volume

–Increased Blood volume will ______BP

•3. Peripheral resistance

–Increased Peripheral resistance will ______BP

•4. Arterial wall elasticity

–Vasoconstriction will ______ BP

•5. Viscosity of the blood

–Increase viscosity of the blood will _____ BP

ANSWER #2

•1. Cardiac output

–Increase  Cardiac output  will _____ BP

•2. Blood volume

–Increased Blood volume will ______BP

•3. Peripheral resistance

–Increased Peripheral resistance will ______BP

•4. Arterial wall elasticity

–Vasoconstriction will ______ BP

•5. Viscosity of the blood

–Increase viscosity of the blood will _____ BP

ANSWER #3

•1. Cardiac output

–Increase  Cardiac output  will _____ BP

•2. Blood volume

–Increased Blood volume will ______BP

•3. Peripheral resistance

–Increased Peripheral resistance will ______BP

•4. Arterial wall elasticity

–Vasoconstriction will ______ BP

•5. Viscosity of the blood

–Increase viscosity of the blood will _____ BP

ANSWER #4

•1. Cardiac output

–Increase  Cardiac output  will _____ BP

•2. Blood volume

–Increased Blood volume will ______BP

•3. Peripheral resistance

–Increased Peripheral resistance will ______BP

•4. Arterial wall elasticity

–Vasoconstriction will ______ BP

•5. Viscosity of the blood

–Increase viscosity of the blood will _____ BP

ANSWER #5

•1. Cardiac output

–Increase  Cardiac output  will _____ BP

•2. Blood volume

–Increased Blood volume will ______BP

•3. Peripheral resistance

–Increased Peripheral resistance will ______BP

•4. Arterial wall elasticity

–Vasoconstriction will ______ BP

•5. Viscosity of the blood

–Increase viscosity of the blood will _____ BP

–chronic resting BP > 140/90

–can weaken small arteries and cause aneurysms

–can effect kidneys

–chronic low resting BP

–causes: blood loss, dehydration, anemia

•in the medulla oblongata regulates heart rate and stroke volume

•found in the barrel of arteries, example: carotid sinus in carotid artery of the neck, aorta

–Carotid sinus massage can slow heart rate

chemical receptors that detect presence of Oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen ion concentration

low oxygen

Increased Hydrogen Ions (H⁺)

Excess Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

•Capillaries exchange material in three ways:

–1. Diffusion- _____ to ______ concentration

–2. Transcytosis- movement of stuff into vessels by endocytosis and out by exocytosis example: insulin

–3. Filtration and Reabsorption

movement of stuff into vessels by endocytosis and out by exocytosis example: insulin

Capillary Exchange - Diffusion

•Most important mechanism

•Lipid soluble substances

–_________, ____ and ____ diffuse easily

Capillary Exchange - Diffusion

•Most important mechanism

•Insoluble substances

–_____ and _____ must pass through channels, fenestrations or intercellular clefts

•Large particles - proteins, held back

–blood (_____ ) pressure drives fluid out of capillary

•Opposing forces

–blood (hydrostatic) pressure drives fluid out of capillary

–____ on arterial end of capillary, ____ on venous end

–Fluid filters out of the arterial end of the capillary (_____ )  and osmotically reenters it at the venous end (____).

–excess fluid in tissue spaces causes low blood volume and low BP

–oxygen delivery and waste removal impaired

Suffocation

–headaches, nausea, seizures and coma

•generated by the heart pumping

–inhalation - abdominal pressure increases squeezing blood vessels then thoracic cavity expands (pressure drops) and blood flows upward to the heart

•Exercise ­ $$\Uparrow$$  venous return in many ways

•A stroke, or ___________ is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain

Only two arteries supply blood to the Circle of Willis: the _______ and the _________ .

Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Match the artery to the system:

Aortic Hiatus and Celiac Trunk

Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Match the artery to the system:

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Match the artery to the system:

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Match the artery to the system:

Renal Artery

Major Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Match the artery to the system:

Median Sacral Artery

•Branches of celiac trunk comes off the aorta to supply upper abdominal viscera -- ____, ____, _____ & _____

All blood from the digestive organs is channeled through the Liver through the ___________

2 Mesenteric Arteries- Major Supply to the Intestines

•The aorta branches into both legs as the right and left 1. _____ arteries,

•At the legs- 2. _____ artery starts by the groin

•3. _____ arteries at the knee

Label 1.

•The aorta branches into both legs as the right and left 1. _____ arteries,

•At the legs- 2. _____ artery starts by the groin

•3. _____ arteries at the knee

Label 2.

•The aorta branches into both legs as the right and left 1. _____ arteries,

•At the legs- 2. _____ artery starts by the groin

•3. _____ arteries at the knee

Label 3.

•At the leg- anterior, posterior tibial arteries, peroneal artery, at the foot- the ______ artery

•Deep veins run parallel to arteries while superficial veins have many ________

The vein runs from the angle of the mandible crossing the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Veins of Upper Limb

•From the arms: ____ and ___ veins

Label 1.

•From the arms: radial and ulna veins

•To the 1. ______ of the elbow

•Into the 2. _____ vein

•Into the 3. ______and then into the

•The 4.________ vein

•And finally into the 5.______

•Anticubital vein- stab area

Label 2.

•From the arms: radial and ulna veins

•To the 1. ______ of the elbow

•Into the 2. _____ vein

•Into the 3. ______and then into the

•The 4.________ vein

•And finally into the 5.______

•Anticubital vein- stab area

Label 3.

•From the arms: radial and ulna veins

•To the 1. ______ of the elbow

•Into the 2. _____ vein

•Into the 3. ______and then into the

•The 4.________ vein

•And finally into the 5.______

•Anticubital vein- stab area

Label 4.

•From the arms: radial and ulna veins

•To the 1. ______ of the elbow

•Into the 2. _____ vein

•Into the 3. ______and then into the

•The 4.________ vein

•And finally into the 5.______

•Anticubital vein- stab area

Label 5.

•From the arms: radial and ulna veins

•To the 1. ______ of the elbow

•Into the 2. _____ vein

•Into the 3. ______and then into the

•The 4.________ vein

•And finally into the 5.______

•Anticubital vein- stab area

Label 1

•To the legs: 1_____ vein

•And 2._______ into

•The 3. _______ and then into

•The 4.______ to the

•5.____ veins

into the inferior vena cava of the abdomen

•Into the heart by the inferior vena cava

•Saphenous vein-used in heart bypass

Label 2.

•To the legs: 1_____ vein

•And 2._______ into

•The 3. _______ and then into

•The 4.______ to the

•5.____ veins

into the inferior vena cava of the abdomen

•Into the heart by the inferior vena cava

•Saphenous vein-used in heart bypass

Label 2

•To the legs: Anterior, posterior tibial vein

•And saphenous veins into

•The popliteal vein and then into

•The femoral vein to the

•Iliac veins

into the 1.______ of the abdomen

•Into the 2.______ by the inferior vena cava

•3._______-used in heart bypass

Label 1

•To the legs: Anterior, posterior tibial vein

•And saphenous veins into

•The popliteal vein and then into

•The femoral vein to the

•Iliac veins

into the 1.______ of the abdomen

•Into the 2.______ by the inferior vena cava

•3._______-used in heart bypass

Label 3.

•To the legs: 1_____ vein

•And 2._______ into

•The 3. _______ and then into

•The 4.______ to the

•5.____ veins

into the inferior vena cava of the abdomen

•Into the heart by the inferior vena cava

•Saphenous vein-used in heart bypass

Label 4.

•To the legs: 1_____ vein

•And 2._______ into

•The 3. _______ and then into

•The 4.______ to the

•5.____ veins

into the inferior vena cava of the abdomen

•Into the heart by the inferior vena cava

•Saphenous vein-used in heart bypass

Label 5.

•To the legs: 1_____ vein

•And 2._______ into

•The 3. _______ and then into

•The 4.______ to the

•5.____ veins

into the inferior vena cava of the abdomen

•Into the heart by the inferior vena cava

•Saphenous vein-used in heart bypass

Label 3

•To the legs: Anterior, posterior tibial vein

•And saphenous veins into

•The popliteal vein and then into

•The femoral vein to the

•Iliac veins

into the 1.______ of the abdomen

•Into the 2.______ by the inferior vena cava

•3._______-used in heart bypass

•part of the microcirculation