wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

APES Unit 3: Ecology

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 4hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
d)
Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.
2.

What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?

a)

pioneer species

b)

soil

c)

climax community

d)

Intermediate Species

3.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
4.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
5.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
6.
Which statement does not accurately describe natural selection?
a)
Individual organisms change their genes to adapt to their environment
b)
The genetic composition of a population changes from one generation to the next
c)
More advantageous traits become more common in population
d)
Beneficial and useful traits are inheritable
7.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
8.

What is evolution?

a)

When animals move to warmer climates in the winter

b)

How organisms change across many generations

c)

The migration of different species through the seasons

d)

Ancient rock layers and the fossils they contain

9.

The LESS genetically diverse a population is, the better it can respond to environmental stressors

a)

True

b)

False

10.

The relative abundance of individuals within each species refers to the

a)

Species Richness

b)

Genetic Diversity

c)

Species Evenness

d)

Ecological Diversity

11.

The study of rates of colonization and extinction of species on islands or other isolated areas is known as

a)

The study of Islandology

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Demographic bottleneck

d)

Island biogeography

12.

While taking a walk in the southern states, you notice that there is an old abandoned car covered with a vine. You notice the house, next to it, is covered in this same vine. The vine seems to be growing out of control and beginning to take over the area. You would suspect that you are seeing a(n)...

a)

Native species

b)

Invasive species

c)

Bullying species

13.

Another name that can be used for an EXOTIC species is

a)

Native species

b)

Invasive species

c)

Outcast species

14.
Species losses and decline in biodiversity may be due to:
I: Extinction
II: Introduced species
III: Habitat loss & degradation
IV: Direct Exploitation
a)
I & II
b)
I, II & III
c)
II,III & IV
d)
all above
15.
Why is biodiversity important in fighting disease in food crops?
a)
It prevents one disease from wiping out an entire food crop.
b)
It prevents habitat loss of native species.
c)
It provides different foods for different populations.
d)
It prevents fungal disease from wiping out corn crops.
16.
During the early settlement of the United States, pioneers cut down large tracts of forests on the east coast to use for home construction, for firewood, and to create cleared spaces to plant crops.What was the most likely effect of this kind of action?
a)
decreased plant and animal diversity
b)
decreased human populations
c)
decreased carbon dioxide production
d)
increased organism biodiversity.
17.

The three types of biodiversity are:

a)

Species

b)

Genetic

c)

Ecosystem

d)

Mythical

18.

Which of these has a higher biodiversity?

a)

Community A

b)

Community B

19.

If a trait on one extreme is favored, what kind of selection will you have?

a)

Directional

b)

Stabilizing

c)

Disruptive

d)

Sexual

20.

If the most common trait is favored, what kind of selection will you have?

a)

Directional

b)

Stabilizing

c)

Disruptive

d)

Sexual

21.

If both extremes of a trait are favored over the most common, what kind of selection will you have?

a)

Directional

b)

Stabilizing

c)

Disruptive

d)

Sexual

22.

Female widowbirds prefer males with longer tail feathers. This is an example of _______________ selection.

a)

Sexual

b)

Artificial

c)

Stabilizing

d)

Disruptive

23.

(Without human impacts) Species richness generally ____________ over time.

a)

Increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

d)

war... war never changes

24.

Microevolution

a)

can happen over short periods of time

b)

are small changes to adapt to the environment

c)

usually happens over long periods of time

d)

changes one species into another

25.

Macroevolution

a)

can happen over short periods of time

b)

are small changes to adapt to the environment

c)

usually happens over long periods of time

d)

changes one species into another

26.

Island biogeography states that species richness ___________ as islands are closer to the mainland and ____________ as islands increase in size.

a)

increases, increases

b)

increases, decreases

c)

decreases, increases

d)

decreases, decreases

27.

Animals with high ecological tolerance can survive in:

a)

Extreme environments

b)

A wider range of environments

c)

A smaller range of environments

d)

Only very specific environments

28.

Indicator species have a _______ ecological tolerance.

a)

Low

b)

Medium

c)

High

d)

Very high

29.

Ecological resistance is

a)

Ability to recover after a disaster

b)

How much they are affected by a disaster

c)

Ability to avoid disasters

d)

Number of animals in an area

30.

Ecological resiliance is

a)

Ability to recover after a disaster

b)

How much they are affected by a disaster

c)

Ability to avoid disasters

d)

Number of animals in an area

31.

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that what increases diversity?

a)

Frequent, major disturbance

b)

Infrequent, minor disturbance

c)

Frequent, minor disturbance

d)

Infrequent, major disturbance

32.

The predictable replacement of one group of spcies by another over time is called____________.

a)

Succession

b)

Resiliance

c)

Resistance

d)

Biodiversity

33.

What grows first during secondary succession?

a)

Lichen

b)

Moss

c)

Grass

d)

Shrubs

34.

Species of least concern have

a)

Abundant, widespread populations

b)

Limited, isolated populations

c)

Rapidly declining populations

d)

No living individuals

35.

Endangered species have

a)

Abundant, widespread populations

b)

Limited, isolated populations

c)

Rapidly declining populations

d)

No living individuals

36.

Invasive species

a)

Are not native to an area

b)

Are native to an area

c)

Have no predators

d)

Have predators

37.

A flagship species is best when it is:

a)

Charismatic

b)

Sensitive to environmental change

c)

A generalist species

d)

An insect

38.

Edge habitat

a)

Is good for sensitive species

b)

Increases high-quality habitat

c)

Decreases high-quality habitat

d)

Increases with habitat fragmentation

39.

The best solution for habitat fragmentation is

a)

Corridors to connect fragments

b)

Moving species between fragments

c)

Genetic engineering of species

d)

Doing nothing

40.

A keystone species has what role In an environment?

a)

The role of a top predator

b)

A smaller role than expected

c)

The role of a producer

d)

A larger role than expected

41.

A trophic cascade is when there are _________ affects in an ecosystem.

a)

Top down

b)

Bottom up

c)

Side to side

d)

Bring it back now y'all.

42.

If one species benefits from a relationship and the other is not harmed, this is what kind of relationship?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

43.

Dogs living with humans is what kind of relationship?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

44.

If a bird lays its eggs in another birds nest and forces it to raise its baby, this is a form of

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

45.

What is the term for a long term relationship in which one or more species benefits?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

46.

Competition reduces

a)

Stress

b)

Access to resources

c)

Disease

d)

Fun

47.

Which term best explains what is going on in this graph?

a)

Competitive exclusion principle

b)

Trophic cascades

c)

Predator prey relationship

d)

Resource Partitioning

48.

Terror Birds, a 10 foot tall flightless bird, was the top predator of the modern day Americas back in the Cenozoic Era. Some scientists think their extinction was caused by being outcompeted by the better suited Saber Tooth cats who filled the same niche. The scientific principle that would apply to this hypothesis is the:

a)

Exclusive niche principle

b)

Trophic Cascades

c)

Competitive exclusion principle

d)

Rule of 10s

49.

Competition is a _______ relationship

a)

- , -

b)

+ , +

c)

+ , -

d)

+ , 0

50.

In one predator prey cycle, you would expect to see: (click all that apply)

a)

Prey population increase

b)

Prey population decrease

c)

Predator population increase

d)

Predator population decrease

51.

Which of these is an intraspecific interaction?

a)

A hawk killing a wren

b)

Ants living in an Acacia

c)

Snakes fighting over a mate

d)

Lichen dissolving a rock

52.

Box turtles usually spend most of their lives living within a mile or two from where they were born. This area would be considered the individual box turtle's

a)

Niche

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Habitat

d)

Community

53.

Coatimundis root around in leaf litter and eat fruit, insects, andizards they find on the forest floor. They also hang out in trees. These would be best described as the coati's

a)

Habitat

b)

Adaptations

c)

Niche

d)

Ecosystem

54.

Autotrophs

a)

Always do photosynthesis

b)

Produce their own energy

c)

Eat other organisms for energy

d)

Eat plants

55.

Heterotrophs

a)

Consume organisms for energy.

b)

Make their own energy.

c)

Are producers

d)

Only eat plants

56.

Food chains show

a)

As many relationships as it can between species in an ecosystem

b)

One pathway energy or matter could take through an ecosystem.

c)

Which predators eat which prey species in an ecosystem.

d)

The amount of energy available at each trophic level.

57.

The edge effect is severely increased as you have more:

a)

Disruption

b)

Habitat Fragmentation

c)

Habitat Size

d)

Species in the same niche

58.

Wildlife Corridors are best used to help against

a)

The Edge Effect

b)

The competitive exclusion principle

c)

Habitat fragmentation

d)

Poaching

59.

What is the correct equation for respiration.

a)

CO2 + H20 + Energy = C6H1206 + O2

b)

O2 + C6H12O6 = Energy + Water + CO2

c)

CO2 + C6H12O6 = Energy + Water + O2

d)

O2 + H20 + Energy = C02 + C6H12O6

60.

A community is:

a)

A group of organisms with interspecific interactions.

b)

A group of organisms with intraspecific interactions.

c)

A group of organisms with interspecific and abiotic interactions

d)

A group of organisms with interspecific and abiotic interactions.

61.

If GPP is 10 and respiration is 3, NPP is

a)

13

b)

7

c)

10

d)

30

62.

If NPP is 30 and GPP is 50, respiration is

a)

15

b)

5

c)

45

d)

20

63.

Which of these are measures of energy?

a)

Kcal/m2/year

b)

g/m2/year

c)

Joule/m2/year

d)

watt/m2/year

64.

Most energy on Earth comes from the

a)

Core

b)

Sun

c)

Moon

d)

Plants

65.

Energy is lost as you go up each trophic level. It is turned into

a)

CO2

b)

O2

c)

Heat

d)

Minerals

66.

Earth is an _______ system in regards to energy.

a)

Open

b)

Closed

67.

A marmot is an herbivore in the Rocky Mountains. What is their trophic level?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

4th

68.

The 10% rule states that:

a)

10% of energy is lost as you go up each trophic level.

b)

Only about 10% of energy moves up the trophic level.

c)

The maximum amount of energy at the top of a trophic pyramid is 10%

d)

10% of organisms die at each trophic level.

69.

Food chains show

a)

As many relationships as it can between species in an ecosystem

b)

One pathway energy or matter could take through an ecosystem.

c)

Which predators eat which prey species in an ecosystem.

d)

The amount of energy available at each trophic level.

70.

Energy pyramids show

a)

The amount of mass at each of the trophic levels.

b)

The number of organisms at each trophic level.

c)

The importance of species at each trophic level.

d)

The amount of energy at each trophic level

71.

Heterotrophs

a)

Consume organisms for energy.

b)

Make their own energy.

c)

Are producers

d)

Only eat plants

72.

Autotrophs

a)

Always do photosynthesis

b)

Produce their own energy

c)

Eat other organisms for energy

d)

Eat plants

73.

Coatimundis root around in leaf litter and eat fruit, insects, andizards they find on the forest floor. They also hang out in trees. These would be best described as the coati's

a)

Habitat

b)

Adaptations

c)

Niche

d)

Ecosystem

74.

Box turtles usually spend most of their lives living within a mile or two from where they were born. This area would be considered the individual box turtle's

a)

Niche

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Habitat

d)

Community

75.

Which of these is an intraspecific interaction?

a)

A hawk killing a wren

b)

Ants living in an Acacia

c)

Snakes fighting over a mate

d)

Lichen dissolving a rock

76.

In one predator prey cycle, you would expect to see: (click all that apply)

a)

Prey population increase

b)

Prey population decrease

c)

Predator population increase

d)

Predator population decrease

77.

Competition is a _______ relationship

a)

- , -

b)

+ , +

c)

+ , -

d)

+ , 0

78.

Terror Birds, a 10 foot tall flightless bird, was the top predator of the modern day Americas back in the Cenozoic Era. Some scientists think their extinction was caused by being outcompeted by the better suited Saber Tooth cats who filled the same niche. The scientific principle that would apply to this hypothesis is the:

a)

Exclusive niche principle

b)

Trophic Cascades

c)

Competitive exclusion principle

d)

Rule of 10s

79.

Which term best explains what is going on in this graph?

a)

Competitive exclusion principle

b)

Trophic cascades

c)

Predator prey relationship

d)

Resource Partitioning

80.

Competition reduces

a)

Stress

b)

Access to resources

c)

Disease

d)

Fun

81.

What is the term for a long term relationship in which one or more species benefits?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

82.

If a bird lays its eggs in another birds nest and forces it to raise its baby, this is a form of

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

83.

Dogs living with humans is what kind of relationship?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

84.

If one species benefits from a relationship and the other is not harmed, this is what kind of relationship?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Parasitism

d)

Commensalism

85.

A trophic cascade is when there are _________ affects in an ecosystem.

a)

Top down

b)

Bottom up

c)

Side to side

d)

Bring it back now y'all.

86.

A keystone species has what role In an environment?

a)

The role of a top predator

b)

A smaller role than expected

c)

The role of a producer

d)

A larger role than expected

87.

Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double in

a)

7 years

b)

10 years

c)

17 years

d)

15 years

e)

not enough information to tell

88.

What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population?

a)

Emigration

b)

Limiting Factors

c)

Immigration

d)

Exponential Growth

89.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
90.
Which limiting factor is independent of the number of individuals in a population?
a)
competition
b)
parasitism/disease
c)
stress
d)
natural disasters
91.

What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

92.

A population is...

a)

All members of one species in one area

b)

All members of all species that live in one area

c)

All of the living and nonliving things in an area

d)

None of these

93.
Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?
a)
seasonal variation
b)
natural disasters
c)
unusual weather
d)
predation
94.

What is happening at the 'A' on the graph?

a)

the population overshoots above the carrying capacity

b)

the population stops growing

c)

growth begins to slow down due to limited resources

d)

growth is speeding up due to an abundance of resources

95.
To measure population density, you must divide the number of individuals living in a defined space by the
a)
area of the space
b)
birth and death rates
c)
carrying capacity
d)
height of the space
96.
Nesting birds often space themselves evenly from other nests. This pattern is called
a)
clumped dispersion.
b)
uniform dispersion.
c)
random dispersion
d)
scatter dispersion
97.
A species described as r-strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics?
a)
clumped population pattern
b)
much parenting
c)
many offspring
d)
random population pattern
98.
__________ growth shows growth of a population under environmental constraints (carrying capacity-K) that sets a maximum population size 
a)
logistic
b)
exponential
c)
niche
d)
uniform
99.
________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
a)
K-strategists
b)
R-strategists
c)
Uniform strategists
d)
environmentalists
100.
J-Shaped curves
a)
show a decline after an increase
b)
display populations that have reached carrying capacity
c)
represent exponential growth
d)
does not depend on the numbe rof resources
101.

Two male Giraffes are fighting over the last green leaf of a tree that is dying.

a)

Intraspecific Competition

b)

Mutualsim

c)

Predation

d)

Commensalism

e)

Interspecific Competition

102.
Represents the biotic potential of the species
a)
A
b)
B
c)
D
d)
E
103.
Population distribution is
a)
often clumped in response to predation
b)
used by wildlife managers when regulating hunting and fishing
c)
measured relative to other species
d)
uniform in most tree species
104.
Which is true about a population's carrying capacity?
a)
it is denoted as "C"
b)
it is usually used when studying ecosystems
c)
it depends on a limiting resource
d)
it is controlled by density-independent factors
105.
Which population is typically regulated by density-independent factors?
a)
algae
b)
predators
c)
Paramecium bacteria
d)
birds
106.
The intrinsic growth rate of a population
a)
occurs at the population's carrying capacity
b)
depends on the limiting resources of the population
c)
increases as the population size increases
d)
decreases as the population size increases
107.
population growth using the exponential growth model
a)
increases at a constant rate
b)
applies to most populations only after a long time
c)
has an increasing intrinsic growth rate
d)
represents ideal conditions that rarely occur in natural populations
108.
An r-selected species characteristically has
a)
a type I survivorship curve
b)
few offspring
c)
a population near carrying capacity
d)
a fast population growth rate
109.
Which is true of a population overshoot?
a)
it occurs when reproduction quickly responds to changes in food supply
b)
it is followed by a die-off
c)
it is most likely to be experienced by K-selected species 
d)
it rarely occurs in species with type III survivorship curves
110.

What is a group of organisms of one species that lives in the same area at the same time.

a)

community

b)

group

c)

population

d)

habitat

111.

What is the maximum number of individuals of one species that the environment can support?

a)

overload capacity

b)

top capacity

c)

population

d)

carrying capacity

112.

The part of the environment that keeps a population's size at a level below its full potential

a)

limiting factor

b)

stopping factor

c)

carrying factor

113.
What is the carrying capacity of the following graph?
a)
1000
b)
8000
c)
800
d)
600
114.

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?

a)

Continues to grow

b)

The population starts to die off to return below carrying capacity

c)

The population will go extinct due to lack of resources

115.

Which one shows the relation between population and square kilometres?

a)

Natural increase

b)

Life expectancy

c)

Population density

116.

What is the dispersion pattern of herding animals, birds that flock together, and fish that form schools?

a)

clumped

b)

random

c)

uniform

d)

unpredictable

117.

Which factor would be considered density independent?

a)

an intestinal parasite

b)

a fatal virus

c)

a severe drought

d)

severe overcrowding

118.

Which factor would be considered density dependent?

a)

competition

b)

drought

c)

water quality

d)

pH of the soil

119.

What is the horizontal line on the graph called?

a)

exponential growth

b)

geometric growth

c)

carrying capacity

d)

straight-line growth

120.

If angel fish produce hundreds of young several times a year, which statement below is true?

a)

Angelfish have a k-strategy reproductive pattern

b)

Angelfish have an r-strategy reproductive pattern

c)

Angelfish probably have a low mortality rate

d)

Angelfish provide a lot of care for their young

121.

Type III survivorship is characterized by

a)

extremely high juvenile mortality

b)

mortality that is not age dependent

c)

most mortality occurring among the elderly

d)

most juveniles surviving to a critical age

122.
The intrinsic growth rate of a population:
a)
directly affects environmental resistance.
b)
causes changes in birth rates without affecting death rates
c)
causes changes in death rates without affecting birth rates.
d)
is the maximum rate at which a population may increase.
123.
Organisms that have gestation (pregnancy) periods and usually only give birth to one offspring at a time.
a)
Type 1
b)
Type 2
c)
Type 3
d)
Foxes
124.
Organisms that lay eggs, do no nurturing of their young and are adults for only short periods of time:
a)
Type 1
b)
Type 2
c)
Type 3
d)
Zebras
125.
Which of the following characteristics are typical of r-selected species?
I. They produce many offspring in a short period of time.
II. They have very low survivorship early in life.
III. They take a long time to reach reproductive maturity.
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
III only
d)
I and II
126.
Refer to the diagram of the survivorship curve.
Which curve best describes an organism that invests a lot of energy in parenting?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
this is not a survivorship curve
127.
________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
a)
K-strategists
b)
R-strategists
c)
Uniform strategists
d)
environmentalists
128.
A certain plant needs moisture, carbon dioxide, oxygen, light, and minerals to survive. This scenario shows that this particular living organism depends on .
a)
Biotic and Abiotc Factors
b)
Biotic Factors 
c)
Abiotic Factors 
d)
None of the Above
129.
An example of a population is
a)
all trees in a forest
b)
all maple trees in a forest
c)
all plants in a forest
d)
all animals in a forest
130.
Exponential growth is slow and gradual.
a)
True
b)
False
131.
A group of different species that live together and interact in an environment are called a/an ________.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
132.
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
a)
death rate may rise
b)
birth rate may rise
c)
death rate must fall
d)
birth rate must fall
133.

What is the correct equation for photosynthesis.

a)

CO2 + H20 + Energy = C6H1206 + O2

b)

O2 + C6H12O6 = Energy + Water + CO2

c)

CO2 + C6H12O6 = Energy + Water + O2

d)

O2 + H20 + Energy = C02 + C6H12O6

Similar Resources on Wayground

Unit 3: Vet Science

134 questions

Unit 3: Vet Science

quiz

Worksheet

•

10th - 12th Grade

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations

133 questions

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations

quiz

Worksheet

•

10th Grade

Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Practice Exam

135 questions

Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Practice Exam

quiz

Worksheet

•

11th Grade

APES Unit 1 (Full)

135 questions

APES Unit 1 (Full)

quiz

Worksheet

•

9th - 12th Grade

AP Biology Review Bonanza

134 questions

AP Biology Review Bonanza

quiz

Worksheet

•

9th - 12th Grade

ACT Mastery Prep

136 questions

ACT Mastery Prep

quiz

Worksheet

•

11th Grade

final exam practice

129 questions

final exam practice

quiz

Worksheet

•

10th Grade

Physical Science Chapter 7 Review

137 questions

Physical Science Chapter 7 Review

quiz

Worksheet

•

9th - 10th Grade