Font size
WorksheetsDiversity Midterm 3
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 38mins
The adaptive immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens
True
False
What activates the adaptive immune system?
The presence of the pathogen
The binding of antibodies to the pathogen's antigen
The innate immune system
Phagocytic cells
Is the adaptive immune response early or late?
Early
Late
Select some of the lines of defense of the innate immune system
Skin
B cells
Defensins
Natural Flora
Epitopes
What is the role of lysozyme?
It cuts the bonds of the cell wall of the bacteria
It causes the pathogen to lyse
It traps the pathogens attempting to invade
It releases histamines
What are PRR?
Signaling proteins produced by cytokines
Peptides made from mucus membranes
Receptors that bind to bacterium and transcribe defensive proteins
Receptors which recognize "non-self" molecules
Which evolved first and how do we know
Innate, seen in some of the earliest living creatures
Innate, certain genes are seen in older animal species
Adaptive, seen in all living creatives
Adaptive, genes encoding for proteins in all living creatures
What are PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
This is a class of expected behaviors of pathogens, which scientists use to help develop vaccines
These are features of pathogens which are recognized by toll-like receptors
This is the transcription of genes that encode for offensive measures by pathogens
None of the above is true
Where are white blood cells located?
Within skin cells
In the blood
In muscle tissue
In neurons
What is another name for white blood cells?
Basophil
Phagocytes
Monocytes
Leukocytes
Basophil is a ___ with the function of ___
Type of white blood cell, releasing histamine and other inflammatory molecules
Type of mast cell, killing antibody-coated parasites
Type of phagocyte, release histamine and cause inflammation
Type of t cell, regulate white blood cell activity
Eosinophils are part of which immune system
Adaptive
Innate
What is phagocytosis?
The process of phagocytes releasing histamine
The process of phagocytes ingesting pathogens
The development of macrophages and monocytes
The formation of antibodies within B cells
Select what is true for Neutrophils
Part of the adaptive immune response
Stimulate inflammation
A type of phagocyte
A type of mast cell
Part of the innate immune responses
Mast cells are part of the ___ immune response and cause ___ by ___
Innate, pathogens to lyse, breaking cell wall
Innate, inflammation, releasing histamine
Adaptive, attack cancer cells, trapping the cells
Adaptive, cell recognition of pathogen, developing antibodies
Monocytes develop into:
Macrophages
Mast cells
Mast cells and macrophages
Dendritic cells
Macrophages and dendritic cells
Macrophages and Dendritic cells are part of which immune response
Innate
Adaptive
Both
What is the function of dendritic cells?
To present antigens to T cells
To present antigens to B cells
To produce memory cells
To regulate white blood cells
Select the types of lymphocytes
Dendritic cells
B cells
Monocytes
T cells
Natural killer cells
What is the function of b cells
To form antibody-producing cells
To regulate white blood cell activity
To produce memory cells
To present antigens to T cells
Where do T cells mature?
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Bone marrow
Where do B cells mature?
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
What is the basic function of the spleen?
To produce B cells
To produce T cells
To filter blood
To filter lymph
What checks lymph in the lymph nodes for pathogens?
Red blood cells
B cells
T cells
White blood cells
Lymph contains red blood cells
True
False
Histamine causes blood plasma and phagocytes to go to the site of injury, resulting in inflammation
True
False
Humoral immunity is part of which immune system?
Innate
Adaptive
The primary agent of humoral immunity is...
Antigens
Epitopes
Antibodies
Natural Killer Cells
Humoral immunity does not require cell-to-cell contact
True
False
Cell mediated immunity is part of which immune system
Innate
Adaptive
What are the agents of cell mediated immunity
T cell receptors
B cell receptors
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Antibodies are produced by
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Antigens elicit an immune response and come from the host's defensive cells
True
False
What are epitopes?
Antigenic determinates, what cause the antigen to be recognized by the immune system
A type of B cell, from which most antibodies are produced
One of the agents of cell mediated immunity, resulting in immunological memory
A type of protein produced by b lymphocytes that initiates the removal of pathogens from the body
Antibodies are ___, produced by ___ and do ___
A type of protein, epitopes, initiate immune response
A type of protein, b cells, initiate immune response
A type of receptor, antigens, initiate immune response
A type of receptor, b cells, initiate immune response
None of the above are true
Effector B cells are important for the secondary response of immunological memory
True
False
Amebocytes are an example of which kind of immunity?
Innate
Adaptive
Mast cells do this...
Antigen presentation
Kill pathogen-infected cells
Release histamine
Attack and lyse virus-infected body cells
Lymph can be found in
Blood plasma
Lymph nodes
Respiratory tract
Blood plasma and lymph nodes
The guinea pig experiment from 1890 helped to demonstrate
How lethal diphtheria was for guinea pigs without any protection
Passive immunity
That taking blood serum from infected but survived guinea pigs and injecting it into another guinea pig could help them survive an infection from the same strain
All of the above
Which of the following is true?
Plasma cells are a part of the secondary immune response and memory cells are a part of the primary immune response
Plasma cells are a part of the primary immune response and memory cells are a part of the secondary immune response
Both plasma cells and memory cells are a part of the primary immune response
Both plasma cells and memory cells are a part of the secondary immune response
Which of the following are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune systems?
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Natural killer cells
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the structure of immunoglobulins?
They all have some sort of Y shape somewhere
Some of them have 2 heavy chains, all have 2 light chains
Some of them have 2 light chains, all of them have 2 heavy chains
They all only have one site where the antigen can bind
Which phase involves both the humoral and cell mediated immune systems?
Recognition phase
Activation phase
Effector phase
All of the above
What might happen if there were no regulatory T cells (Tregs)?
Tc cells couldn’t bind to cells presenting the self antigen
Nothing would happen, Tregs aren’t useful at all
The immune system could spiral out of control
There would be no cells made in the thymus
Immunoglobins are made of...
2 polypeptide chains, 1 heavy and 1 light
2 polypeptide chains, 2 long
4 polypeptide chains, 2 heavy and 2 light
4 polypeptide chains, 3 long and 1 short
Where are the antigen-binding sites located on immunoglobulins? Pick the BEST answer
Variable region of the light chain
Variable region of the heavy chain
Constant region of the light chains
Constant region of the heavy chain
What is the definition of agglutination?
It is the build up of glucose in the blood
It is the binding of multiple antigens and antibodies
It is the process that antibodies undergo when they're cloned
It is the process of becoming a glutton
Which is the most abundant class of antibodies in the body?
IgM
IgD
IgA
IgG
Where is IgG located?
In blood plasma
On the surface of B cells
In saliva
In the respiratory tract
Where is IgM located?
In blood plasma
On B cells
In saliva
In the respiratory tract
Where is IgD located?
On the surface of B clels
In blood plasma
In bodily secretions
In the respiratory tract
Where is IgA located?
In blood plasma
On B cells
In bodily secretions
In the respiratory tract
Where is IgE located?
In blood plasma
In plasma cells
In bodily secretions
In the respiratory tract
What is the function of IgG?
It is one of the first classes of antibodies released for the primary immune response
It is present during both the primary and secondary response, provides protection to fetus (passive immunity)
It is essential for the activation of B cells and acts as a cell surface receptor
It protects mucosal surfaces by preventing the attachment of pathogens
What is the function of IgM?
It activates B cells by acting as a cell surface receptor of mature B cells
In is the most abundant antibody during both primary and secondary immunity, provides immunity for fetus'
It protects mucosal surfaces by preventing the pathogen from attaching to the epithelial cells
It is released by B cells and acts during the primary immune response
What is the function of IgD?
It binds to mast cells and basophils and results in the release of histamine
It protects the mucosal surfaces by preventing the attachment of pathogens from epithelial cells
It activates B cells and acts as the cell-surface receptor for mature B cells
It provides passive immunity for fetus' and acts during the primary and secondary immune response
What is the function of IgA?
It protects mucosal surfaces by preventing the attachment of pathogens
It binds to mast cells and basophils, activating the release of histamine
It activates B cells and acts as a cell-surface receptor for mature B cells
It provides passive immunity to fetuses and is present during primary and secondary immunity
Are skin cells gametes or somatic cells?
Gametes
Somatic cells
Gametes are the product of mitosis?
True
False
What is the genetic composition of a zygote?
n
2n
3n
1/2n
What are the two types of asexual reproductoin?
Fusion
Fission
Budding
Mitosis
Meiosis
Fission is the...
Mitotic production of an offspring
An identical clone of the part produced by mitosis
When the parent splits in 2 to make new individuals
When two parents share their genetic information to make a new individual
The penis is an example of
A primary sex organ
A secondary sex organ
A secondary sexual characteristic
None of the above
The uterus is an example of...
A primary sex organ
A secondary sex organ
A secondary sexual characteristic
None of the above
The ovaries are an example of...
A primary sex organ
A secondary sex organ
A secondary sexual characteristic
None of the above
Secondary sexual characteristics are the result of...
Hormones
Ion gradients
Neural pathways
Personal choice
An example of a secondary sexual characteristic is
Vas deferens
Testes
Penis
Menstrual cycle
The disadvantages or cost of sexual reproduction include…
It breaks up favorable gene combinations
It can be difficult to find another individual of the same species who is also looking for a mate
Courtship and mating may be risky due to predation or sexually transmitted infections
Meiosis takes longer than mitosis, slowing reproduction
All of the above
What are somatic cells doing inside reproductive systems?
They got stuck there by accident during improper cell division
They provide hormones and other support such as providing nutrients for the developing gamete
They provide hormones to ova and nutrients to sperm
What is an example of a secondary sexual characteristic in animals (nonhuman)?
A corkscrew vagina
A vas deferens
Brightly colored wings
Large horns
A ballistic penis
What are germ cells?
Haploid cells that can make gametes
Another name for somatic cells
Somatic cells that are located in the membrane of the reproductive tract
Diploid cells that can use meiosis to make gametes
