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Distribution of Life

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the images below depicts a healthy reef ecosystem?


¿Cuál de las siguientes imágenes muestra un ecosistema de arrecifes saludable?

a)

Image A

b)

Image B

c)

Image C

d)

Image D

2.

What is the most likely cause of the coral bleaching shown below?


¿Cuál es la causa más probable del blanqueamiento del coral que se muestra a continuación?

a)

Increased storm intensity

b)

Abnormally high water temperatures

c)

Ocean acidification

d)

Excess nutrients

3.

Suppose a new resort hotel is built on a hawksbill sea turtle nesting site, and hotel guests start removing the queen angelfish from the nearby reef to stock their home aquaria. If the hawksbill sea turtles and queen angelfish are removed, which organism is most likely to benefit?


Suponga que se construye un nuevo complejo hotelero en un sitio de anidación de tortugas carey, y los huéspedes del hotel comienzan a sacar el pez ángel reina del arrecife cercano para abastecer sus acuarios de origen. Si se eliminan las tortugas carey y el pez ángel reina, ¿qué organismo es más probable que se beneficie?

a)

Staghorn corals

b)

Star corals

c)

Sponges

d)

Algae

4.

A new sewage pipe empties raw sewage into a nearshore coral reef. Which graph shows the expected immediate impact of this change?


Una nueva tubería de alcantarillado vacía las aguas residuales sin tratar en un arrecife de coral cercano a la costa. ¿Qué gráfico muestra el impacto inmediato esperado de este cambio?

a)

Graph A

b)

Graph B

c)

Graph C

d)

Graph D

5.

Which environmental disturbance has not been linked to global climate change?


¿Qué perturbación ambiental no se ha relacionado con el cambio climático global?

a)

Increased storm severity

b)

Higher sea-surface temperatures

c)

Ocean acidification

d)

Excess nutrient levels

6.

The red lionfish (shown below) is a voracious predator of small fish, including young angelfish and parrotfish. In the Caribbean, red lionfish have no natural predators. What is the most likely long-term outcome of the introduction of lionfish to a pristine reef?


El pez león rojo (que se muestra a continuación) es un depredador voraz de peces pequeños, incluidos los peces ángel y el pez loro. En el Caribe, el pez león rojo no tiene depredadores naturales. ¿Cuál es el resultado a largo plazo más probable de la introducción del pez león en un arrecife prístino?

a)

The numbers of stoplight parrotfish and queen angelfish will decrease.

b)

The numbers of yellowtail snappers and Nassau groupers will decrease.

c)

The number of long-spined sea urchins will increase.

d)

All of the above

7.

A spike in the popularity of Nassau groupers in American restaurants causes a sharp increase in grouper fishing. How will this affect the population of yellowtail snappers?

a)

The number of yellowtail snappers will increase.

b)

The number of yellowtail snappers will decrease.

c)

The number of yellowtail snappers will decrease at first, and then increase.

d)

There will be no effect on yellowtail snapper populations. There will be no effect on yellowtail snapper populations.

8.

In a reef off the coast of a large island, an increase in net fishing lowers the populations of most reef fish (including stoplight parrotfish, queen angelfish, yellowtail snappers, and Nassau groupers). The heavy nets also trap hawksbill sea turtles and damage corals. Assuming the reef has a healthy population of long-spined sea urchins, what is the most likely result?


En un arrecife frente a la costa de una isla grande, un aumento en la pesca con red reduce las poblaciones de la mayoría de los peces de arrecife (incluidos el pez loro de semáforo, el pez ángel reina, los pargos de cola amarilla y los meros de Nassau). Las pesadas redes también atrapan a las tortugas carey y dañan los corales. Suponiendo que el arrecife tiene una población saludable de erizos de mar de espinas largas, ¿cuál es el resultado más probable?

a)

Coral cover will increase.

b)

Sponge cover will increase.

c)

Algae cover will increase.

d)

Coral, sponge, and algae cover will remain the same.

9.

Two reefs are exposed to the black band disease pathogen. Reef A is located in a remote area off a rocky coast that receives little rainfall. Reef B is located near a resort hotel, a heavily fertilized golf course, and a forest that has been recently clearcut for a housing development. Both reefs are dominated by star corals. What is the most likely outcome of the disease on each reef?


Dos arrecifes están expuestos al patógeno de la enfermedad de la banda negra. El arrecife A está ubicado en un área remota frente a una costa rocosa que recibe poca lluvia. Reef B está ubicado cerca de un hotel resort, un campo de golf muy fertilizado y un bosque que ha sido talado recientemente para un desarrollo de viviendas. Ambos arrecifes están dominados por corales estrella. ¿Cuál es el resultado más probable de la enfermedad en cada arrecife?

a)

Reef A will suffer greater damage than reef B.

b)

Reef B will suffer greater damage than reef A.

c)

Both reefs will suffer equal damage from the disease.

d)

Neither reef will be affected because black band disease affects only branching corals.

10.

What is the most likely outcome of a disease that kills off the long-spined sea urchins on a reef?


¿Cuál es el resultado más probable de una enfermedad que mata a los erizos de mar de espinas largas en un arrecife?

a)

Staghorn coral cover will increase.

b)

Star coral cover will increase.

c)

Sponge cover will increase.

d)

Algae cover will increase.

11.

Which marine environment has the most biodiversity?

a)

Sandy Beach

b)

Rocky Coast

c)

Estuary

d)

Coral Reef

12.

Coral Reefs are found in shallow, clear, warm water because there is

a)

lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

b)

not lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

c)

no good reason, it just feels nice

d)

all of these choices are correct

13.

A coral polyp is actually

a)

an animal found in Phylum Cnidaria

b)

an animal found in Phylum Chordata

c)

a plant found in Phylum Bryophyta

d)

a plant found in Phylum Aniospermophyta

14.

Coral polyps build their homes out of

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

calcium carbonate

c)

calcium manganese

d)

carbon monoxide

15.

Large Reefs can be found near (check all that apply)

a)

Australia

b)

the Florida Keys

c)

in the Caribbean

d)

off the coast of Belize in Central America

e)

off the coast of Maine

16.

Hard corals include (check all that apply)

a)

elk horn

b)

staghorn

c)

brain coral

d)

table coral

e)

fan coral

17.

Check all the ways that corals are fragile.

a)

They are very productive

b)

Pieces can break off easily

c)

They are very sensitive to changes in water quality

d)

They are sensitive to changes in pH levels.

e)

They make lots of food and oxygen for the reef.

18.

Reef inhabitants include

a)

parrot fish, butterfly fish, sponges, worms, sharks

b)

sharks, sea stars, people, dogs, moray eels

c)

parrot fish, butterfly fish, sponges, cats

19.

This example of surviving the reef is

a)

safety in numbers

b)

camouflage

c)

color contrast

d)

disruptive coloration

20.

This example of surviving the reef is

a)

safety in numbers

b)

color contrast

c)

camouflage

d)

disruptive coloration

21.

Coral reefs are endangered by

a)

climate change

b)

overfishing

c)

pollution

d)

all of the above

22.
What are the two kinds of coral?
a)
Blue and yellow
b)
Hard and slimy
c)
Hard and soft
d)
Soft and delicate
23.

The corals that form the reefs often look like rocks or ...

a)

hills

b)

plants

c)

mountains

d)

sand

24.

What role do algae play in a coral reef?

a)

They reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the water.

b)

They supply food for the corals.

c)

They help the stony corals and soft corals live together.

d)

They protect the corals from disease.

25.

Most coral reefs are ____________ .

a)

in warm areas near the shore

b)

in warm areas away from the shore

c)

in cold areas near the shore

d)

in cold areas away from the shore

26.

Which Zone is from 0-200 meter below sea level?

a)

Twilight Zone

b)

Sunlight Zone

c)

Midnight Zone

27.

The Twilight Zone is ______ meters below sea level.

a)

0-200

b)

200-1,000

c)

1,000-4,000

28.

The ___ Zone is 1,000-4,000 meters below sea level.

a)

Sunlight

b)

Twilight

c)

Midnight

29.

What Zone is 4,000-6,000 meters below sea level?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Midnight

c)

Abyssal

30.

What Zone is 6,000-11,000 meters below sea level?

a)

The Trenches

b)

The Midnight Zone

c)

The Sunlight Zone

31.

What Zone is also known as Hadalpelagic Zone?

a)

Sunlight Zone

b)

The Trenches

c)

The Midnight

32.

What Zone is known as the Abyssopelagic Zone?

a)

Midnight Zone

b)

Sunlight Zone

c)

Abyssal Zone

33.

The Bathypelagic Zone is also known as the _____ Zone.

a)

Sunlight

b)

Midnight

c)

The Trenches

34.

The Twilight Zone is also known as

a)

a TV Show.

b)

the Mesopelagic Zone.

c)

The Hadalpelagic Zone.

35.

The Sunlight Zone is also known as the ____ Zone.

a)

Epipelagic

b)

Hadalpelagic

c)

Mesopelagic

36.

The Abyssal Zone comes from a Greek word meaning...

a)

to the top

b)

so dark

c)

no bottom

37.

Our Earth, the water planet, has _______% of salt water.

a)

3

b)

97

c)

75

38.

Most visible light is in the ____ Zone.

a)

Sunlight

b)

Midnight

c)

Twilight

39.

The light from the sun _____ the water.

a)

chills

b)

heats

c)

freezes

40.

The ocean gets colder as you go _____.

a)

closer to the Equator.

b)

lower in latitude.

c)

deeper.

41.

Depth and location affect ____.

a)

temperature of ocean water.

b)

tides and currents.

c)

polar ice thickness.

42.

What is the uppermost zone of the ocean called?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Midnight

c)

Trench

d)

Twilight

43.

What is the deepest zone of the ocean called?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Twilight

c)

Abyss

d)

Trench

44.

What is the second zone of the ocean called?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Trench

c)

Midnight

d)

Twilight

45.

What is the fourth zone of the ocean called?

a)

Midnight

b)

Sunlight

c)

Abyss

d)

Trench

46.

What is the third zone of the ocean called?

a)

Midnight

b)

Trench

c)

Sunlight

d)

Abyss

47.

What animal lives in the sunlight zone?

a)

Sea Anemone

b)

Angelfish

c)

Gastropods

d)

Tubeworms

48.

What animals live in the abyss?

a)

Sea Turtles

b)

Sand Dollar

c)

Lantern Fish

d)

Pufferfish

49.

What animal lives in the trench?

a)

Angelfish

b)

Sea Turtles

c)

Tubeworms

d)

Great White Shark

50.

What animals live in the twilight zone?

a)

Great White Shark

b)

Octopus

c)

Lantern Fish

d)

Tubeworms

51.
In what zone does approximately 90% of all ocean life live?
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
52.
The sunlight zone is also known as the __________________________ zone.
a)
hot
b)
bright
c)
happy
d)
euphotic
53.
Animals that can use their bodies to make light are called _______________.
a)
magic
b)
shiny
c)
amazing
d)
bioluminescent
54.
Lanternfish, hatchet fish, and wolf eel live in this zone.  Name the zone.
a)
Sunlight
b)
Twilight
c)
Midnight
55.
As oceans become deeper, the water pressure ___________________.
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
56.
Which layer of the ocean starts at 600 feet and extends to 3000 feet?
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
57.
90% of the ocean belongs in this ocean layer.  What is it?
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
58.
The midnight zone is also known as the __________________ zone.
a)
frozen
b)
aphotic
c)
frightening
d)
dark
59.
Humans can only explore the midnight zone with the help of ________________.
a)
scuba gear
b)
the federal government
c)
submersible vehicles
d)
Jesus
60.
Which zone has the warmest water temperature?
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
61.
Which zone is completely dark and near freezing in temperature?
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
62.
The ocean layers are divided by the amount of __________________ in each layer.
a)
animals
b)
salt
c)
light
d)
people
63.
There’s very little life, immense pressure and absolutely no sunlight in this zone.  Name it.
a)
sunlight
b)
twilight
c)
midnight
64.
As you move deeper into the water temperature, pressure and salt content change.
a)
true
b)
false
65.
Which of the following sea animals is a mammal?
a)
shark
b)
tuna
c)
Giant Squid
d)
Humpback whale
66.
Sunlight allows ________________ to occur in the sunlight zone.
a)
bioluminesence
b)
transpiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
voting
67.
the area between the high tide and the low tide mark
a)
benthic zone
b)
intertidal zone
c)
pelagic zone
d)
abyssal zone
68.
organisms that live on or in the bottom
a)
benthos
b)
neuston
c)
littoral
d)
heterotrophs
69.
the gently sloping shallow sea bed surrounding a continent
a)
abyssal
b)
bathyal
c)
littoral
d)
continental shelf
70.
organisms that swim against the ocean’s currents
a)
 neuston
b)
plankton
c)
nekton
d)
naphron
71.
the water area between the low tide mark and the edge of the continental shelf
a)
nautical zone
b)
benthic zone
c)
nueston zone
d)
neritic zone
72.
a division of the benthic zone, the ocean bottom in deep water
a)
abyssal zone
b)
bottom zone
c)
epipelagic zone
d)
neritic zone
73.
the entire bottom portion of the ocean
a)
pelagic zone
b)
bathyal zone
c)
neustonic zone
d)
benthic zone
74.
organisms that drift in the ocean unable to swim against the currents
a)
benthos
b)
plankton
c)
nekton
d)
epifauna
75.
What are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water?
a)
plankton
b)
organisms
c)
abiotic factor
d)
insects
76.

What organism(s) are pictured here?

a)

Diatom

b)

Dinoflagellate

c)

Zooplankton

d)

Nekton

77.

What organism(s) are pictured here?

a)

Diatoms

b)

Dinoflagellates

c)

Zooplankton

d)

Nekton

78.
Which is a kind of phytoplankton?
a)
 lion’s mane jellyfish
b)
sea butterfly 
c)
algae
d)
copepod 
79.
Plankton that uses photosynthesis:
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
80.
Phytoplankton are grouped in what Kingdom?
a)
Monera
b)
Protista
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
81.
Which best describes the source of oxygen in ocean water?
a)
Oxygen is produced by marine plants in the process of making food.
b)

Oxygen is produced through the exhalations of marine animals.
c)

Oxygen is produced through precipitation falling on the ocean.
d)
Oxygen is produced by nodules on the ocean floor.
82.
Zooplankton are grouped into which kingdom?
a)
Monera
b)
Protista
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
83.

All phytoplankton are ...

a)

autotrophic

b)

heterotrophic

c)

meroplankton

d)

macroplankton

84.
Plankton that uses photosynthesis:
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
85.
Phytoplankton are associated with the photic zone because they rely on the sun for the process of:
a)
Respiration
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Chemosynthesis
d)
Heterotrophs
86.

Which organism is at the base of a marine food web?

a)

crab

b)

phytoplankton

c)

whale

d)

zooplankton

87.

Which are there more of, zooplankton or phytoplankton?

a)

Phytoplankton

b)

Zooplankton

c)

Both

88.

Which factors can limit phytoplankton productivity?

a)

Sunlight

b)

Inorganic Nutrients

c)

Temperature

d)

All of these

89.

Plankton are considered

a)

juvenile fish only

b)

ocean drifters

c)

crustaceans

d)

microalgae

90.

Check all that apply.

Which of the following are abiotic factors of the deep sea?

a)

cold temperature

b)

no sunlight

c)

low pressure

d)

abundant nutrients

e)

high pressure

91.

Check all that apply.

Which of the following are adaptations life has made to the deep sea?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

chemosynthesis

c)

bioluminescence

d)

big eyes

e)

large body size