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development: psychologists

Total questions: 106

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which theorist thought that each stage of development includes a unique psychological crisis. If the crisis is met in a positive way, the individual develops normally?
a)
Vygotsky
b)
Erickson
c)
Bronfenbrenner
d)
Bandura
2.
Which theorist wrote that social contact is essential to intellectual development.
a)
Freud
b)
Piaget
c)
Vygotsky
d)
Bandera
3.
Blood type, hair color, and skin color are all examples of what type on influence on our development?
a)
Nature
b)
Nurture
4.
Your friends, where you live, and your school are all examples of what type on influence on our development?
a)
Nature
b)
Nurture
5.

Whose theory states:

Personality develops as the child goes through 8 crises and has a negative or positive experiences

a)

Bronfenbrenner

b)

Erikson

c)

Montessori

d)

Piaget

6.
Sociocultural Theory describes cognitive development through social interactions, experimentation with people and culture around them
a)
Vygotsky
b)
Kohlberg
c)
Piaget
d)
Erikson
7.
Who said "learning leads to development" and "learning is the result of interactions with other people"
a)
Kohlberg
b)
Vygotsky 
c)
Gardner
d)
Piaget
8.
Who created the zone of proximal development?
a)
Kohlberg
b)
Vygotsky
c)
Piaget
d)
Gardner 
9.

prenatal

a)

2-6

b)

conception to birth

c)

0-6

d)

6-11

10.

infancy and toddlerhood

a)

0-2

b)

11-18

c)

2-6

d)

6-11

11.

early childhood

a)

18-40

b)

0-2

c)

2-6

d)

11-18

12.

middle childhood

a)

6-11

b)

18-40

c)

0-2

d)

11-18

13.

adolescence

a)

0-2

b)

18-40

c)

6-11

d)

11-18

14.

early adulthood

a)

6-11

b)

18-40

c)

11-18

d)

65-death

15.

middle adulthood

a)

40-65

b)

65-death

c)

18-40

d)

0-2

16.

late adulthood

a)

18-40

b)

40-65

c)

65-death

d)

11-18

17.

what is continuous development?

a)

development takes place in stages and you change a lot at the beginning of a stage and not a lot until the beginning of the next stage

b)

development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirectional, and we can change the way we once learned something

c)

all through life we are building on skills that we already have

18.

what is discontinuous development?

a)

development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirectional, and we can change the way we once learned something

b)

development takes place in stages and you change a lot at the beginning of a stage and not a lot until the beginning of the next stage

c)

all through life we are building on skills that we already have

19.

what is lifespan perspective?

a)

development takes place in stages and you change a lot at the beginning of a stage and not a lot until the beginning of the next stage

b)

development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirectional, and we can change the way we once learned something

c)

all through life we are building on skills that we already have

20.

psychosocial development:

a)

involves emotions, social skills, and how you think about yourself/others

b)

involves mental processes, how we think, and internal monologue

c)

involves processes of the body, motor skills, and physical factors

21.

cognitive development:

a)

involves emotions, social skills, and how you think about yourself/others

b)

involves mental processes, how we think, and internal monologue

c)

involves processes of the body, motor skills, and physical factors

22.

biological development:

a)

involves emotions, social skills, and how you think about yourself/others

b)

involves mental processes, how we think, and internal monologue

c)

involves processes of the body, motor skills, and physical factors

23.

What is Erik Erikson's theory based on?

a)

an identity crisis

b)

idk he thought of it

c)

learning from others

24.

ego identity:

a)

identity crisis

b)

the turning point for each stage of development

c)

the resolution of a crisis

d)

conscious sense of self we develop through social interactions

25.

the turning point for each stage of development

a)

crisis

b)

ego identity

c)

conflict

d)

hope

26.

what causes movement from one stage to another in Erikson's theory?

a)

conflict

b)

the resolution of a crisis

c)

ego identity

d)

crisis

27.

-can the baby trust the world to fulfill its need?

-Erikson's 1st stage

a)

trust vs mistrust 0-1

b)

autonomy vs shame and doubt 1-3

c)

will

d)

initiative vs guilt

28.

What virtue is created from Erikson's first stage?

a)

will

b)

hope

c)

trust

d)

love

29.

-want to be in control

-the "no" stage

-Erikson's 2nd stage

a)

identity vs role confusion 13-18

b)

trust vs mistrust 0-1

c)

autonomy vs shame and doubt 1-3

d)

industry vs inferiority 5-12

30.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 2nd stage?

a)

will

b)

hope

c)

purpose

d)

love

31.

-ask questions and want to know why

-Erikson's 3rd stage

a)

autonomy vs shame and doubt 1-3

b)

industry vs inferiority 5-12

c)

initiative vs guilt

d)

will

32.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 3rd stage?

a)

hope

b)

will

c)

competency

d)

purpose

33.

-sense of self

-are we proud of our accomplishments

-Erikson's 4th stage

a)

intimacy vs isolation 18-40

b)

identity vs role confusion 13-18

c)

industry vs inferiority 5-12

d)

generativity vs stagnation

34.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 4th stage?

a)

competency

b)

love

c)

wisdom

d)

hope

35.

-who am I?

-what group do I fit into?

-try out different roles-Erikson's 5th stage of development

a)

identity vs role confusion 13-18

b)

fidelity

c)

intimacy vs isolation 18-40

d)

competency

36.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 5th stage?

a)

fidelity

b)

hope

c)

love

d)

will

37.

-finding balance between work and relationships

-usually when you go back and get missed virtues

-Erikson's 6th stage of development

a)

love

b)

industry vs inferiority 5-12

c)

identity vs role confusion 13-18

d)

intimacy vs isolation 18-40

38.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 6th stage?

a)

hope

b)

fidelity

c)

love

d)

will

39.

-the sandwich stage (between children and parents)

-mid-life crisis stage

-Erikson's 7th stage of development

a)

integrity vs despair

b)

generativity vs stagnation

c)

trust vs mistrust

d)

intimacy vs isolation

40.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 7th stage?

a)

wisdom

b)

care

c)

love

d)

trust

41.

-look back on life

-was my life meaningful or do I have regrets?

-Erikson's 8th stage

a)

identity vs role confusion

b)

intimacy vs isolation

c)

generativity vs stagnation

d)

integrity vs despair

42.

What virtue is created from Erikson's 8th stage?

a)

competency

b)

fidelity

c)

wisdom

d)

hope

43.

Erikson's theory is...

a)

Nature and discontinuous

b)

Nurture and continuous

c)

Nature and continuous

d)

Nurture and discontinuous

44.

Who is someone who has more knowledge than you?

a)

Mrs. Rutkowski

b)

More Knowledgeable Other

c)

Vygotsky

d)

Zone of Proximal Dev.

45.

Talking someone through a skill (as an MKO)

a)

guided participation

b)

scaffolding

46.

Showing someone/modeling how to do a skill (as an MKO)

a)

guided participation

b)

scaffolding

47.

Who says someone has to teach you in order for you to learn it?

a)

Kohlberg

b)

Maslow

c)

Erikson

d)

Vygotsky

48.

The difference between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or guidance.

(a)  

49.

what are the 2 ways adults transmit info to children?

a)

slowly

b)

kind

c)

harsh

d)

complex

50.

What does "language is a tool of intellectual adaptation" mean?

a)

we must adapt our language to age and intellectual ability

b)

we must use language as a way to adapt

c)

we must adapt to learn multiple languages

51.

at what age does social speech occur?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

52.

what is social speech?

a)

talking to yourself (inner)

b)

talking to others

c)

talking to yourself (out loud)

d)

telekinesis

53.

at what age does private speech occur?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

54.

what is private speech?

a)

talking to yourself out loud

b)

talking to yourself (inner)

c)

talking to others

55.

at what age does silent inner speech occur?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

6

d)

7

56.

what is silent inner speech

a)

inner monologue/talking to yourself in your head

b)

talking to others

c)

talking out loud to yourself

57.

at what age does thought and language merge?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

58.

-does not account for cultural differences

-too much emphasis on language

-discounts child's ability to self teach

a)

problems with Vygotsky's theory

b)

problems with Erikson's theory

59.

Vygotsky's theory is...

a)

nature and continuous

b)

nurture and discontinuous

c)

nature and discontinuous

d)

nurture and continuous

60.
What is a hierarchy?
a)
Military rank
b)
Is a ranking, or series of steps that follow a specific order
c)
Human needs
d)
Belonging
61.

Maslow's first edition hierarchy has 5 steps?

a)

True

b)

False

62.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an upside down pyramid?
a)
True
b)
False
63.
The base for Maslow's hierarchy of needs pyramid is
a)
Self-actualization
b)
Esteem
c)
Safety
d)
Physiological
64.
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Physiological does not fulfill our basic needs?
a)
True
b)
False
65.

what are the first two levels of the hierarchy of needs called?

a)

psychological needs

b)

physiological needs

c)

basic needs

d)

safety needs

66.

what are the 3rd and 4th levels called in the hierarchy of needs?

a)

basic needs

b)

deficiency needs

c)

psychological needs

d)

love/belonging

67.

in the hierarchy of needs, what are the first four levels called?

a)

deficiency needs

b)

basic needs

c)

esteem

d)

love/belonging

68.

which needs in the hierarchy of needs were added in the 1970s?

a)

transcendence

b)

aesthetic

c)

esteem

d)

cognitive

69.

How many cognitive development steps did Piaget create?

a)

one

b)

three

c)

four

d)

two

70.

What stage includes an infant exploring the world through sensory and motor contact?

a)

Concrete operational

b)

Preoperational

c)

Sensorimotor

d)

Formal operational

71.

Does the formal operational phase include adolescents to create reason to think in hypothetical terms?

a)

True

b)

False

72.

What is the goal of Piaget's Theory?

a)

To explain the mechanisms and processes by which infants and then children develop into individuals

b)

To track child development as children age.

c)

To finally understand why these hip young kids won't get off his lawn.

d)

To create a road map for cognitive development.

73.

To Piaget cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental process as a result of?

a)

Radioactive waste

b)

Biological maturation and environmental maturation.

c)

Nurture as the child development.

74.

Piaget was interested both in how children learned and in how they thought.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

What years are the Preoperational stage of Development

a)

0-2 years

b)

2-7 years

c)

7-11 years

d)

11+ years

76.

If you're teaching a 10th grade history class what stage should your students be at?

a)

Formal operational

b)

Concrete operational

c)

preoperational

d)

senserimotor

77.

what is assimilation?

a)

adding on to a schema

b)

creating a new schema

78.

what is accommodation?

a)

creating a new schema

b)

adding onto a schema

79.

what is conservation?

a)

adding onto a schema

b)

knowing that if something goes out of sight it still exists

c)

knowing that something can change shape but still be the same thing as before (water experiment is an example)

d)

new schema

80.
Cindy understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Cindy is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage
a)
preoperational
b)
concrete operational
c)
sensorimotor
d)
formal operational
81.
According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to:
a)
reason abstractly
b)
adhere to social norms
c)
distinguish between good and bad behaviors
d)
become aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors
82.
According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.
a)
sensorimotor
b)
preoperational
c)
concrete operational
d)
formal operational
83.
An infant who has developed object permanence...
a)
is attached to specific objects, such as a blanket.
b)
will see all objects as being the same.
c)
knows that an object, such as a rattle, exists even if it is not in view.
d)
cries when a wanted object is taken away.
84.
Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of:
a)
accommodation
b)
attachment
c)
object permanence
d)
egocentricism
85.
The inability of young children to see the world through someone else's view is termed:
a)
Centration
b)
Irreversibility
c)
Conservation
d)
Egocentrism
86.
In which of the following stages will children learn the concept of conservation?
a)
preoperational
b)
concrete operational
c)
sensorimotor
d)
formal operational
87.
Peek-a-boo works on children in what stage?
a)
Sensorimotor
b)
Preoperational
c)
Concrete Operational
d)
Formal Operational
88.
The ability to use deductive logic, think abstractly and systematically solve problems emerges during the:
a)
Concrete Operational Stage
b)
Sensorimotor Stage
c)
Formal Operational Stage 
d)
Preoperational State 
89.

In Piaget's theory, the stage in which infants are only aware of what is immediately in front of them (from birth to about 2 years of age).

a)

Formal Operational Stage

b)

Preoperational Stage

c)

Sensorimotor Stage

d)

Concrete Operational Stage

90.
How many stages did Piaget state people go through as they developed?
a)
5
b)
1
c)
4
d)
2
91.

More logical and methodical manipulation of symbols. Less egocentric, and more aware of the outside world and events.

a)

Sensorimotor

b)

Preoperational

c)

Concrete operational

d)

Formal operational

92.

Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Able to make hypotheses and grasp abstract concepts and relationships.

a)

Sensorimotor

b)

Preoperational

c)

Concrete operational

d)

Formal operational

93.

Development of language, memory, and imagination. Intelligence is both egocentric and intuitive.

a)

Sensorimotor

b)

Preoperational

c)

Concrete operational

d)

Formal operational

94.

___________ believed the stages of development must be met before learning can occur.

a)

Piaget

b)

Vygotsky

95.

______________ believed the learning was a collaboration between the teacher and student.

a)

Piaget

b)

Vygotsky

96.
Kohlberg was concerned with what type of development?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Social
c)
Moral
d)
Physical
97.
What is Kohlberg's theory?
a)
people progress in their moral reasoning through stages
b)
people have only one stage of moral development
c)
People choose their moral stage
98.
Everyone goes through all six of Kohlberg's moral development stages.
a)
true
b)
false
99.
One of your friends tells you to steal some sweets. You are in Level 1, why do you NOT steal?
a)
I wouldn’t like it if someone stole from me.
b)
It is against the law
c)
If everyone did it, then the shop would have to close down.
d)
I might get caught and get in trouble.
100.

In Stage 4 why do you NOT steal?

a)

I would feel like a bad person.

b)

It is against the law.

c)

I wouldn’t like it if someone stole from me.

d)

I might get caught and get in trouble.

101.

My son finishes his broccoli at dinner because I promise he can have dessert after.

a)

punishment-obedience

b)

individualism in exchange for favors

c)

good boy/nice girl

d)

law and order

102.

I let my friend copy my homework as I want her to like me. What Stage am I at?

a)

punishment-obedience

b)

individualism and exchange for favors

c)

good boy/nice girl

d)

law and order

e)

social contract

103.

I did not steal the money as I did not want to get caught. What stage am I at?

a)

punishment-obedience

b)

individualism and exchange of favors

c)

good boy/nice girl

d)

law and order

e)

social contract

104.

Laws can be broken if you think the law is unjust. What stage are you at?

a)

punishment-obedience

b)

individualism and exchange for favors

c)

universal ethical principle

d)

law and order

105.
In Stage 1 why does a child behave?
a)
not to be seen as different
b)
not to be punished
c)
follow rules set by parents
d)
follow rules set by society
106.

Social contract orientation is a feature of which stage?

a)

Stage 2

b)

Stage 3

c)

Stage 4

d)

Stage 5

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