Free Printable Living Environment Regents DRILL 2

1.

Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?

a)

The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.

b)

The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.

c)

The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.

d)

The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.

2.

Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?

a)

Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.

b)

Solution A will contain all of the water molecules.

c)

Solution B will remain unchanged.

d)

Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A.

3.

The diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell.

Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?

a)

The concentration of O₂ will increase inside the cell.

b)

The concentration of CO₂ will remain the same inside the cell.

c)

The concentration of O₂ will remain the same outside the cell.

d)

The concentration of CO₂ will decrease outside the cell.

4.

A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when

a)

it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch

b)

it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole

c)

the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside

d)

the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cellListen

5.

The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?

a)

Glucose would diffuse into the cell.

b)

Protein would diffuse out of the cell.

c)

Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.

d)

Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.

6.

In single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in

a)

ribosomes

b)

mitochondria

c)

nuclei

d)

vacuoles

7.

An ameba is a single-celled, heterotrophic organism. In order to meet its energy needs, it relies directly on the interaction of which cell structures?

a)

chloroplasts and the cell membrane

b)

the cell membrane and mitochondria

c)

nucleus and ribosomes

d)

vacuoles and the nucleus

8.

Recently, oil from a wrecked tanker resulted in a disaster in ecosystems containing many unique species. The potential loss of these species could result in

a)

an increase in the variety of genetic material available

b)

a decrease in organisms available for scientific research

c)

an increase in the stability of the affected ecosystems

d)

a decrease in pollution affecting the land and water

9.

Which process occurs at each link in a food chain?

a)

All the energy is stored in a newly made structure.

b)

Some energy is released into the environment as heat.

c)

Chemical energy is recycled.

d)

Atoms cycle among living organisms, producing energy.

10.

The diagram illustrates the release of chemical A from a human cell in response to a specific stimulus.

Which cell structure plays a direct role in the release of this chemical from the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

chloroplast

d)

cell membrane

11.

Which statement is an example of a feedback mechanism in humans?

a)

An increase in the level of blood sugar results in the pancreas increasing the amount of insulin it secretes.

b)

Increased exposure to pathogenic bacteria results in an increase in the number of red blood cells produced.

c)

An increase in exercise results in a decrease in the rate of respiration.

d)

Increased muscle activity results in a decrease in heart rate.

12.

Many disorders are due to the inability of an individual to break down a particular chemical. Sometimes these disorders can be treated by giving the affected individual the appropriate

a)

enzymes

b)

antigens

c)

chromosomes

d)

organelles

13.

Which sequence best represents the levels of organization in a paramecium, a single-celled organism?

a)

cells→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism

b)

organelles→organ systems→organism

c)

cells→organs→organ systems→organism

d)

organelles→organism

14.

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure labeled Y in both diagrams and the process it performs?

a)

b)

c)

d)

15.

Which technique could be used to make the structures in the cells more visible when using a compound light microscope?

a)

paper chromatography

b)

staining

c)

electrophoresis

d)

gene manipulation

16.

Describe one role of enzymes in the human body.

4 lines

17.

A person has a high fever of 105°F. State one effect that this high fever would likely have on enzyme activity.

4 lines

18.

Here, Eat This Vaccine

Munching on bacteria could be a good way to stimulate your immune system. Biologist Simon Cutting of the Royal Holloway University of London has transformed bacterial spores into an edible vaccine. He and his collaborators genetically altered the common bacterium Bacillus subtilis so that it produced harmless fragments of the toxin produced by tetanus. Then his team starved the bacterium so that it turned into a spore — a desiccated [dehydrated] packet tough enough to survive a trip through the digestive tract and into the bloodstream. Most of the mice that inhaled or ate the modified spores were then able to survive a lethal dose of tetanus.

“We selected tetanus because the immunology regarding this disease is well understood,” Cutting says. But engineered bacteria could be similarly tailored to train the immune system to fight anthrax, traveler’s diarrhea, and other illnesses. Edible vaccines would eliminate the need for needles and sterilizing equipment. Moreover, spores can withstand extreme heat and dryness, remaining viable [alive] for thousands of years. Cutting plans to start clinical trials in about two years. If the results measure up, spore vaccines could slash the cost of immunization programs, especially in poor countries where refrigeration is unreliable and transportation can be slow.

Describe one way the immune system could respond when it is exposed to the genetically altered Bacillus subtilis.

4 lines

19.

Here, Eat This Vaccine

Munching on bacteria could be a good way to stimulate your immune system. Biologist Simon Cutting of the Royal Holloway University of London has transformed bacterial spores into an edible vaccine. He and his collaborators genetically altered the common bacterium Bacillus subtilis so that it produced harmless fragments of the toxin produced by tetanus. Then his team starved the bacterium so that it turned into a spore — a desiccated [dehydrated] packet tough enough to survive a trip through the digestive tract and into the bloodstream. Most of the mice that inhaled or ate the modified spores were then able to survive a lethal dose of tetanus.

“We selected tetanus because the immunology regarding this disease is well understood,” Cutting says. But engineered bacteria could be similarly tailored to train the immune system to fight anthrax, traveler’s diarrhea, and other illnesses. Edible vaccines would eliminate the need for needles and sterilizing equipment. Moreover, spores can withstand extreme heat and dryness, remaining viable [alive] for thousands of years. Cutting plans to start clinical trials in about two years. If the results measure up, spore vaccines could slash the cost of immunization programs, especially in poor countries where refrigeration is unreliable and transportation can be slow.

Will individuals who have taken the vaccine be protected against future tetanus infections? Support your answer.

4 lines

20.

Here, Eat This Vaccine

Munching on bacteria could be a good way to stimulate your immune system. Biologist Simon Cutting of the Royal Holloway University of London has transformed bacterial spores into an edible vaccine. He and his collaborators genetically altered the common bacterium Bacillus subtilis so that it produced harmless fragments of the toxin produced by tetanus. Then his team starved the bacterium so that it turned into a spore — a desiccated [dehydrated] packet tough enough to survive a trip through the digestive tract and into the bloodstream. Most of the mice that inhaled or ate the modified spores were then able to survive a lethal dose of tetanus.

“We selected tetanus because the immunology regarding this disease is well understood,” Cutting says. But engineered bacteria could be similarly tailored to train the immune system to fight anthrax, traveler’s diarrhea, and other illnesses. Edible vaccines would eliminate the need for needles and sterilizing equipment. Moreover, spores can withstand extreme heat and dryness, remaining viable [alive] for thousands of years. Cutting plans to start clinical trials in about two years. If the results measure up, spore vaccines could slash the cost of immunization programs, especially in poor countries where refrigeration is unreliable and transportation can be slow.

State one advantage of using edible modified spores as vaccines.

4 lines

21.

The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.

Which statement best describes solution C?

a)

The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.

b)

The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is less than the concentration in the cells.

c)

The concentration of water in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.

d)

The concentration of water in the solution is equal to the concentration in the cells.

22.

The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.

Which solution would be most similar in concentration to the normal internal environment of the human circulatory system?

a)

solution A, only

b)

solution B, only

c)

solutions A and B

d)

solutions A and C

23.

The diagram represents changes that take place within the human body.

The diagram represents

a)

cellular differentiation

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

gene interaction

d)

biological evolution

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67.

Between starch, glucose, water, and starch indicator, which could NOT pass through an artificial membrane in our lab, because its particles were too big?

a)

starch

b)

glucose

c)

water

d)

starch indicator

68.

When was this viewed?

a)

After distilled (pure) water was added

b)

after salt water was added

69.

These onion cells have lost water from their cytoplasm after a certain procedure has been performed. What has caused the change?

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

photosynthesis

d)

cellular respiration

70.

When was this viewed?

a)

After distilled (pure) water was added.

b)

After salt water was added

71.

At this stage of the experiment, have either starch or starch indicator passed (noticeably) though the dialysis tubing?

a)

yes, both

b)

yes, starch only

c)

yes, starch indicator only

d)

no

72.

what does the amber coloring of the fluid indicate?

a)

glucose has passed through membrane

b)

starch has passed through membrane

c)

it proves NO glucose passed through membrane

d)

it proves NO starch has passed through membrane

73.

what does the white coloring inside the artificial cell indicate?

a)

starch indicator has passed through membrane

b)

glucose indicator has passed through membrane

c)

it proves NO glucose indicator passed through membrane

d)

it proves NO starch indicator has passed through membrane

74.

What does the blue black coloring inside the artificial cell indicate?

a)

starch indicator passed through dialysis membrane

b)

glucose indicator passed through dialysis membrane

c)

glucose had a chemical reaction with starch

d)

someone spilled ink in their "cell"

75.

This procedure proves glucose passed through the dialysis membrane. What was in that test tube?

a)

glucose indicator, fluid from outside the "cell"

b)

glucose indicator, sample from inside "cell"

c)

starch indicator, fluid from outside the "cell"

d)

starch indicator, sample from inside the "cell"

76.

The test tube was originally blue, but turned orange when heated. How can we interpret this?

a)

its positive, so glucose passed through the dialysis membrane

b)

its positive, so starch passed through the dialysis membrane

c)

its negative, so glucose passed through the dialysis membrane

d)

its negative, so starch passed through the dialysis membrane

77.

.

a)

there will be a color change inside the "cell" AND in its environment

b)

there will be a color change inside the "cell" but NOT in its environment

c)

No color change in the cell or its environment

78.

When you are viewing some onion cells under the microscope, and you add salt water to observe changes, and later add distilled (pure) water and observe further changes, what do you see?

a)

whole cell (cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm) shrinks and expands

b)

cell wall remains unchanged, cell membrane and cytoplasm change in response to diffusion

c)

cell membrane remains unchanged, cell wall and cytoplasm change in response to diffusion

79.

What is the purpose of adding a biological stain to these cheek cells before viewing?

a)

to cause diffusion to occur

b)

to shrink the cell

c)

to make everything darker and easier to view

d)

to increase magnification

80.

this coverslip is being lowered over the specimen (which is in a few drop of water) at a 45 degree angle. What is the importance of this angle?

a)

it decreases water bubbles

b)

no importance

c)

it will make the specimen more focused

d)

it will make the specimen darker and easier to view

81.

Why could many students squeeze a clothespin more times in a minute after exercising?

a)

heart beating faster delivers more glucose and oxygen to muscle cells

b)

you do better when you're tired

82.

Exercise causes your heart and lungs to work faster. Which organ systems does this most directly involve, and which process is sped up?

a)

circulatory and digestive; photosynthesis

b)

nervous and endocrine; active transport

c)

respiratory and skeletal; diffusion

d)

circulatory and respiratory; (cellular) respiratory

83.

When we were determining our average pulse rate, what was NOT part of our procedure?

a)

count pulse beats for 20 seconds, then multiply by 3 to get rate per minute

b)

take the pulse in different locations for different trials

c)

do 3 trials and then take average

84.

what is a possible disadvantage to humans if deforestation continues, as represented by the fictional plant "Botana curus"

a)

loss of future sources of medicine or food

b)

loss of income for the logging industry

c)

loss of sources of renewable energy

85.

Which gives more accurate information regarding relationships between species?

a)

structural evidence

b)

molecular evidence

86.

which was NOT a test we performed on Botana curus and species X, Y and Z?

a)

gel electrophoresis

b)

paper chromatography

c)

pH indicator

d)

test for enzyme M

87.

what does a paper chromatography do?

a)

compares DNA of various organisms

b)

tells whether a particular enzyme is present

c)

separates substances in a liquid compound

d)

gives a view of cross section of stems

88.

Which amino acid is coded for by the codon GUG?

a)

val

b)

ile

c)

gly

d)

phe

89.

Which amino acid is coded for by the codon that is formed by basepairing with the DNA code TCG?

a)

ser

b)

ile

c)

val

d)

phe

90.

What codons are formed by transcription of the following DNA code: TAG GTC AAA CAC CGT

a)

TAG GTC AAA CAC CGT

b)

ATC CAG TTT CTC GCA

c)

AUC CAG UUU GUG GCA

91.

What is this equipment used for?

a)

paper chromatography

b)

gel electrophoresis

c)

test for enzyme m

d)

pH test

92.

What is a gel electrophoresis used for?

a)

separate compounds in a liquid mixture

b)

compare DNA samples

c)

test for the presence of an enzyme

93.

according to this, which species is the closet relative of botana curus (green)?

a)

species x (red)

b)

species z (yellow)

c)

species y (blue)

94.

which would be least likely to coexist on an island with the large tree finch.

a)

vegetarian finch

b)

small ground finch

c)

woodpecker finch

d)

cactus finch

95.

what was the selecting agent that caused finches to evolve into a number of individual species from a single ancestral species.

a)

available food on individual islands

b)

mating preferences

c)

adaptation to environmental toxins

d)

weath

96.

which would be least likely to coexist on an island with the large tree finch.

a)

vegetarian finch

b)

small ground finch

c)

woodpecker finch

d)

cactus finch

97.

What cuts DNA into fragments in Gel Electrophoresis (the same molecule is used in gene splicing).

a)

restriction enzymes

b)

the hormone thyroxine

c)

the protein melanin

d)

an antioxidant

98.

•What molecule is needed to start cellular respiration and fermentation?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

99.

•What molecule is needed for cellular respiration but NOT fermentation?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

100.

This is the manipulated variable, or the variable you control.

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

101.

This is the responding variable, or the variable you observe or measure.

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

102.

This group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable.

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Control group

d)

constant

103.

When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the water?

a)

Dependent

b)

Independent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

104.

When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the fertilizer?

a)

Dependent

b)

Independent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

105.

Which variable is the same for each test subject in an experiment?

a)

Dependent

b)

Independent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

106.

Students were involved in an experiment to investigate whether playing music while they took a test affected their scores. What would their test scores be?

a)

Independent variable

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Controlled variable

d)

Hypothesis

107.

An investigation in which only one variable is changed at a time.

a)

Control group

b)

Experimental group

c)

Constants

d)

Controlled Experiment

108.

On what axis should the independent variable always be?

a)

X

b)

Y

109.

The __________ variable is located on the y-axis.

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Control

d)

Constant

110.

How can you make an experiment more valid?

a)

Increase the sample size

b)

Repeat the experiment

c)

Add more trials

d)

All of the above

Living Environment Regents DRILL 2

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

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