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Ecology and Geography (Study guide) PART II

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
_____________________ is the science that studies living beings and their relationship with the environment, meaning, with their habitat.
a)
Ecology
b)
Cartography
c)
Paleontology
d)
Autoecology
2.
____________ are any living components in an ecosystem that affect organisms in relationships like competition, commensalism, parasitism predation, and mutualism. They’re divided into autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Emergent factors
c)
Biotic factors
d)
Population factors
3.
____________ refer to the physical and chemical conditions in the environment, such as climate, temperature, the salinity of water, minerals in the soil.
a)
Emergent factors
b)
Biotic factors
c)
Population factors
d)
Abiotic factors
4.
Which of these is not a branch of ecology?
a)
Autoecology (Organism ecology)
b)
Synecology (Community ecology)
c)
Ecosystem ecology
d)
Ecogeography
5.
A basic ecological concept refers to "a group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area and performing genes exchange".
a)
Organism
b)
Population
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
6.
_________________ occurs between organisms that require the same resources, which are limited.
a)
Amensalism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Competition
d)
Mutuality
7.
The process of _____________________ is when an organism feeds on another.
a)
Predation
b)
Amensalism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Mutuality
8.
The __________________ is one of the most important parameters that ecologists try to know because it measures the result of births, deaths, immigration, and emigration that affect the size of the population changing over time.
a)
Population growth
b)
Population structure
c)
Distribution pattern
d)
Abiotic factors
9.
_____________________ are a set of populations of different species that interact and share a common point in space that is called habitat.
a)
Organism
b)
Communities
c)
Population
d)
Ecosystem
10.
This factor that regulates population growth is when one member is affected negatively, for example, plants that feed on others, like a vine that usually plague.
a)
Predation
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutuality
d)
Amensalism
11.
_____________________ is a place of appropriate conditions for life of an organism, plant or animal species or community.
a)
Exosphere
b)
Habitat
c)
Landscape
d)
Life region
12.
This factor that regulates population growth is when one species is benefited in some way, such as remoras that live around sharks, feeding on the scraps and leaves it as a transport.
a)
Amensalism
b)
Mutuality
c)
Commensalism
d)
Predation
13.
The communities are classified into __________________, which is defined as an ecological community which dominates a certain ecosystem.
a)
Biosphere
b)
Communities
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Biome
14.
This factor that regulates population growth is when organisms of different species benefit mutually when interacting. One example is the bee benefiting from flowers nectar and flowers are pollinated by bees.
a)
Mutuality
b)
Amensalism
c)
Commensalism
d)
Predation
15.
This property indicates the configuration of the population, as populations are made up of individuals of different types.
a)
Population growth
b)
Population structure
c)
Abiotic factors
d)
Distribution factors
16.
Populations have properties "that individuals who conform them do not, because of the fact that populations are, themselves, groups of individuals," that is why these are called __________________________.
a)
Difficult properties
b)
Emergent properties
c)
Easy properties
d)
Vegetation properties
17.

Set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by people

a)

dialect

b)

customs

c)

culture

d)

history

18.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate cycles.


Autotrophs, such as plants, must be present for these cycles to continue.

a)

Carbon Cycle

b)

Water Cycle

c)

Nitrogen Cycle

19.

The non-living parts of an ecosystem (e.g. soil, water, weather).

a)

abiotic factors

b)

biotic factors

c)

oxygen

d)

soil

20.
It is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Biotic System
c)
Abiotic System
d)
None of the choices
21.
These are organisms that creates their own food such as plants and trees.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Producers
d)
Consumers
22.

When a plant is eaten by a grasshopper, the grasshopper is called:

a)

Producer

b)

Primary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

Tertiary consumer

23.

When a plant is eaten by a caterpillar and the caterpillar is eaten by a frog, the frog belongs to:

a)

Producer

b)

Primary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

Tertiary consumer

24.

When a plant is eaten by a caterpillar and the caterpillar is eaten by a frog, and the frog is eaten by a snake, the snake belongs to:

a)

Producer

b)

Primary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

Tertiary consumer

25.
When the animal dies, what do you call those organisms that break them down?
a)
Producers
b)
Decomposers
c)
Consumers
d)
None of the choices
26.

They have their own kingdom and they're known for being decomposers, a component inside the ecosystems. An example of them is mushrooms.

a)

Bacteria

b)

Grass

c)

Virus

d)

Fungi

27.

Choose the decomposer.

a)

grass

b)

elephant

c)

bacteria

d)

bird

28.

Communities are a set of populations of different species that interact and share a common point in space that is called _____________________.

a)

biome

b)

biomass

c)

eutrophication

d)

habitat

29.

Very large ecological areas with fauna and flora adapted to their environment. They're classified into the desert, aquatic, forest, grassland, and tundra.

a)

biome

b)

biomass

c)

biosphere

d)

troposphere

30.

A linear depiction of energy flow, which an organism feeding on and deriving energy from the preceding organism.

a)

food chain

b)

food web

31.

A complex model of interconnected food chains in which there are multiple links among species.

a)

Food web

b)

Trophic chain

32.

The rate at which consumers convert chemical energy from their food into their own biomass.

a)

Primary productivity

b)

Secondary productivity

c)

Trophic structure

d)

Decomposition rate

33.

A measure of the rate at which new organic matter is developed through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis in producer organisms

a)

Primary productivity

b)

Secondary productivity

c)

Trophic structure

d)

Decomposition rate

34.

The way in which organisms are organized within the ecosystem according to the type of food they consume.

a)

Decomposition rate

b)

Primary productivity

c)

Secondary productivity

d)

Trophic structure

35.

The velocity in which the material produced by an organism is decomposed into smaller chemical components.

a)

Trophic structure

b)

Primary productivity

c)

Secondary productivity

d)

Decomposition rate

36.

The percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that becomes incorporated into new biomass.

a)

Production efficiency

b)

Trophic-level transfer efficiency

37.

Amount of energy at one trophic level that is acquired by a trophic level above and incorporated into biomass.

a)

Production efficiency

b)

Trophic-level transfer efficiency

38.

It can be defined as the capacity to do a certain job.

a)

Energy

b)

Eutrophication

c)

Biomagnification

d)

Biogeochemical cycle

39.

Changes occurring in the structure of ecosystems over time.

a)

Successional dynamics

b)

Biomagnification

c)

Bioaccumulation

d)

Consumers

40.

When the disturbance is severe, and communities and even the soil disappear, it is called:

a)

Primary succession

b)

Secondary succession

41.

When the disturbance is less intense, does not remove all the soil organisms, and maintains many of its properties, favoring plant regeneration is called:

a)

Primary succession

b)

Secondary succession

42.

Which type of succession would occur here?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Both

43.

Pollution is anything potentially harmful that humans add to an ecosystem (pollutants).

a)

True

b)

False

44.

They’re not produced by humans; they come from gases or ashes from volcanic eruptions or wildfires.

a)

Artificial

b)

Natural

45.

All those pollutants originated from human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, industries, agriculture (pesticides), household activities, oil spills, nuclear energy, and wildfires, among others.

a)

Artificial

b)

Natural

46.

Are those generated by the industry such as detergent, oil, solvent, and petroleum.

a)

Chemical pollutants

b)

Biological pollutants

c)

Physical pollutants

47.

Could be of a visual, hearing, or radiative character, as well as garbage.

a)

Chemical pollutant

b)

Biological pollutant

c)

Physical pollutant

48.

Are those generated by hospitals, such as blood, organs, viruses, or bacteria; as well as protozoan or fungus generated by garbage.

a)

Chemical pollutant

b)

Biological pollutant

c)

Physical pollutant

49.
Emissions created through human activities are considered
a)
anthropogenic
b)
biogenic
50.
The chemicals released directly into the air from factories and vehicles would be considered
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition 
51.
Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants 
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition
52.
Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth would be
a)
warm 
b)
cold
c)
dead
53.

Why is the Ozone important to life on Earth?

a)

A. The Ozone reflects all the Ultra Violet radiation

b)

A. The Ozone absorbs all the heat that come up from the Earth.

c)

The Ozone provides all the oxygen to Earth.

d)

The Ozone protects the Earth’ s atmosphere and the life on Earth from harmful radiant energy emitted by the sun

54.
Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps....
a)
will result in cooler temperatures in the Arctic
b)
will result in sea-levels rising
c)
Will have no effect on ecosystems
d)
None of the above
55.

Cutting down large forests (deforestation) can result in:

a)

little to no changes

b)

more homes for animals

c)

less plants to absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas

56.

The majority of Earth's energy comes from...

a)

the Earth's core

b)

the Sun

c)

hydroelectric power

d)

burning fossil fuels

57.
What is the greenhouse effect?
a)
The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.
b)
The cooling of Earth due to air pollution.
c)
The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
58.

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Water vapor

d)

nitrogen

59.

This biogeochemical cycle is performed when photosynthesis occurs, and plants take carbon dioxide and solar light.

a)

Nitrogen cycle

b)

Oxygen cycle

c)

Carbon cycle

d)

Phosphorus cycle

60.

________________ is the degradation of arid lands, semi-arid and dry and sub-humid areas. It is originated by climate changes and human activities such as agriculture, grazing, logging, and lack of water.

a)

Trophic level

b)

Species richness

c)

Successional dynamics

d)

Desertification

61.

It is the difference between groups of the same species that inhabit different places.

a)

Ecosystem diversity

b)

Genetic diversity

c)

Population diversity

d)

Mega-diverse countries

62.

This kingdom of living organisms is known to obtain their energy and nutrients by photosynthesis.

a)

Plantae

b)

Animalia

c)

Protista

d)

Monera

63.

_____________ are very large ecological areas with fauna and flora adapted to their environment.

a)

Exosphere

b)

Biome

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

64.

Organisms that consume autotrophs, that is, herbivores; but also, all those that feed on living tissue, such as carnivores. These organisms obtain their carbon from other living organisms.

a)

Decomposers

b)

Heterotrophs

65.

What's a food chain?

a)

A linear depiction of energy flow, which an organism feeds on and derives energy from the preceding organism.

b)

A complex model of interconnected trophic successions in which there are multiple links among species.

66.

What is a food web?

a)

A linear depiction of energy flow, which an organism feeds on and derives energy from the preceding organism.

b)

A complex model of interconnected food chains in which there are multiple links among species.

67.

Is the extraction of organisms from a population at a greater rate than its reproduction rate.

a)

Overexploitation

b)

Genetic diversity

c)

Taxonomy

d)

Animalia

68.

Those organisms that decompose organic matter from dead organisms, transforming it into inorganic matter.

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

c)

Decomposers

69.

All of these are environmental factors that, in great aspect, negatively affect our environment, EXCEPT:

a)

Demographic growth

b)

Consumption and production

c)

Technology

d)

Reforestation

70.

An _____________________ is defined as the modification of the environment caused by human activity or nature.

a)

Environmental modification

b)

Environmental impact

c)

Environmental factor

d)

Environmental hierarchy

71.

A development that satisfies the necessities of the present without compromising the capacity for future generations to satisfy their own necessities.

a)

Sustainable development

b)

Ecological development

c)

Unsustainable development

d)

Agricultural development

72.

The foundations for sustainable development are the following, EXCEPT:

a)

Social

b)

Economical

c)

Technological

d)

Ecological

73.

This is the medium in which environmental ethics is developed.

a)

Environmental education

b)

Artificial engineering

c)

Biomedicine

d)

Musical career

74.

All of these belong to the 3 R's, which is a program to reduce waste levels and not consume things you do not need, EXCEPT:

a)

Reduce

b)

Recycle

c)

Reuse

d)

Repose

75.

All of these are strategies to minimize environmental impact, EXCEPT:

a)

Clean energies

b)

Natural resources

c)

Management of social networks

d)

Management of hazardous waste

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