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Fall 21 - ACP Review

Total questions: 107

Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of these is NOT a unique structure to plant cells?

a)

cell wall

b)

central vacuole

c)

chloroplas

d)

nucleus

2.

Where do new cells come from?

a)

other cells

b)

nucleus

c)

Golgi body

d)

macrophages

3.
To control what enters or leaves the cell is a function of _________.
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Nucleus
d)
Mitochondria
4.
Viruses are not considered to be alive because...
a)
they do not excrete waste products.
b)
they do not require nutrition.
c)
they only reproduce inside a living host cell.
d)
All the answers are correct.
5.
Which type of virus cycle can hide in the body for years before causing illness?
a)
lytic
b)
lysogenic
c)
shingles
d)
chicken pox
6.
Which is the lytic cycle?
a)
Cycle A
b)
Cycle B
c)
Both are the lytic cycle
d)
Neither are the lytic cycle
7.
Which is the lysogenic cycle?
a)
Cycle A
b)
Cycle B
c)
Both are the lysogenic cycle
d)
Neither are the lysogenic cycle
8.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
9.
A capsid is
a)
a structure that directly causes cell lysis
b)
the type of virus that attacks bacteria
c)
the genetic material of a virus
d)
the protein coat of a virus
10.
Viruses are cells. 
a)
True 
b)
False
11.
A retrovirus is different from other viruses because retroviruses have __________ at their core.
a)
RNA and Reverse Transcriptase Enzymes
b)
RNA and Transcriptase Enzymes
c)
DNA and Reverse Transcriptase Enzymes
d)
DNA and Transcriptase Enzymes
12.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
13.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
14.
Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
15.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Metaphase II
d)
Anaphase I
16.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Telophase II
17.
What phase is this?
a)
Interphase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase II
18.
The area that the substrate fits into on the enzyme is called the:
a)
Active Site
b)
Allosteric Site
c)
DiSulphide Bridge
d)
β-Pleated Sheet
19.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
20.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
21.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
22.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
23.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
24.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
25.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
26.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
a)
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
b)
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
c)
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
d)
Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
27.
Cellular Respiration's goal is to
a)
make water
b)
make ATP
c)
make glucose
d)
make  oxygen
28.

Which of the following organelles is responsible for cellular respiration?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

d)

Ribosome

29.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced by one is needed for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
30.
Why is photosynthesis important?
a)
creates oxygen for animals to breath
b)
creates energy for heterotrophs to use
c)
creates food for plants to use
d)
all of these are correct
31.
Why do plants go through photosynthesis?
a)
To make food for us
b)
To make food for themselves
c)
They're bored and have nothing else to do
32.

repair and build body tissue; required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

33.

functions include storing energy, signaling/chemical messengers, hormone regulation

a)

carbohydrate

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

lipid

34.

involved in hormone production; enzymes

a)

nucleic acid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

protein

35.

provides immediate energy source

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

36.

store and transfer genetic information

a)

nucleic acid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

protein

37.

DNA

a)

protein

b)

nucleic acid

c)

carbohydrate

d)

lipid

38.

fats

a)

lipid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

39.

sugar

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrate

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

40.

chromosomes are made of

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

nucleic acid

41.

amino acids

a)

monomer of nucleic acid

b)

monomer of protein

c)

monomer of carbohydrate

d)

monomer of lipids

42.

work together to express a trait

a)

lipid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

43.

made in ribosomes

a)

protein

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrate

44.

made in smooth endoplasmic reticulum

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

45.
a change in one DNA triplet that may result in a new triplet that codes for a stop codon instead of an amino acid is known as
a)
missense
b)
nonsense
c)
frameshift
d)
silent
46.
Mutations that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence are:
a)
frameshift
b)
point
c)
deletion
47.
original chromosome
ABC-DEF
mutated chromosome
AC-DEF
This is a _____________ mutation.
a)
frameshift
b)
point
c)
deletion
48.
original chromosome
ABC-DEF
mutated chromosome
ABBC-DEF
a)
duplication
b)
point
c)
frameshift
49.
original chromosome
ABC-DEF
mutated chromosome
AED-CBF
a)
duplication
b)
translocation
c)
inversion
50.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
51.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Base Substitution
b)
Base Insertion
c)
Base Inversion
d)
Translocation
52.
A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called 
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
53.
This type of substitution codes for a stop codon
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
54.
Where do cells get the information to make proteins?
a)
RNA
b)
DNA
c)
phosphate group
55.
Messenger RNA carries a copy of the DNA code.
a)
true
b)
false
56.
DNA travels outside of the nucleus.
a)
true
b)
false
57.
What part of protein synthesis does this diagram represent?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA
58.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
59.

Which is the mRNA molecule that would be created from this DNA template:

TGGCAAGTACGT

a)

ACCGTTCATGCA

b)

UGGCAAGUACGU

c)

UCCGUUCUUGCU

d)

ACCGUUCAUGCA

60.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

a)

Met-Pro-Ala-Val

b)

Met-Pro-Val

c)

Tyr-Gly-His

d)

Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

61.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
62.

The correct sequence of mitosis:

a)

metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

b)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

d)

telophase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase

63.

During which cycle can you identify chromosomes

a)

G1 phase

b)

G2 phase

c)

S phase

d)

M phase

64.

Identical halves of a chromosome are called?

a)

Cousins

b)

Chromatids

c)

Centromere

d)

Centrosome

65.

Chromosomes are visible and spindle fibers start to appear

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

telophase

d)

anaphase

66.

Sister Chromatids separate from each other

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

67.

Having only one copy of each chromsome

a)

haploid

b)

diploid

c)

triploid

d)

octoploid

68.

There are 2 nucli in one cell

a)

telophase

b)

prophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

69.

The division of chromosomes is called?

a)

anaphase

b)

mitosis

c)

cytokineses

d)

G0

70.

The division of the cytoplasm is called?

a)

anaphase

b)

mitosis

c)

cytokineses

d)

G0

71.

What type of cell will form a cell plate during mitosis?

a)

Haploid cells

b)

Plant Cells

c)

Animal Cells

d)

Diploid Cells

72.

Non dividing state of the cell cycle

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Telophase

d)

Cytokinesis

73.

Uncontrolled growth can result in:

a)

G0 phase

b)

S phase

c)

Replication

d)

Cancer

74.

Responsible for making sure that the cell is ready to divide

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

G2 checkpoint

c)

M checkpoint

d)

G0 checkpoint

75.

Movement of a solvent (usually water) from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration in order to equalize the concentration of the two solutions. No energy required.

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

active transport

d)

facilitated diffusion

76.

Movement of both solvent and solute particles from high concentration to low concentration in order to equalize the concentration of the solution. No energy required.

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

active transport

77.

Movement of specific molecules down a concentration gradient (from high concentration to low concentration) passing through the membrane via a specific carrier protein. No energy required.

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

active transport

78.

Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient from lower concentration to higher concentration. Energy required.

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

active transport

79.

Movement of very large molecules (into the cell) across the cell membrane through the fusion of vesicles. Energy required.

a)

diffusion

b)

endocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

osmosis

80.

Movement of very large molecules (out of the cell) across the cell membrane through the fusion of vesicles. Energy required.

a)

diffusion

b)

endocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

osmosis

81.

Substance dissolved in another substance.

a)

solute

b)

solvent

c)

isotonic

d)

hypotonic

82.

The substance that dissolves another substance.

a)

solute

b)

solvent

c)

hypotonic

d)

hypertonic

83.

Concentration (amount) of solutes OUTSIDE of the cell membrane is GREATER than inside cell; this promotes a greater flow of water outside the cell thus leading to cell shrinking.

a)

solvent solution

b)

isotonic solution

c)

hypertonic solution

d)

hypotonic solution

84.

Concentration (amount) of solutes OUTSIDE of the cell membrane is LESS than inside the cell; this promotes a greater flow of water inside the cell thus leading to cell bursting.

a)

solvent solution

b)

isotonic solution

c)

hypertonic solution

d)

hypotonic solution

85.

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes do NOT have

a)

DNA

b)

A cell membrane

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

A nucleus

86.

The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is

a)

DNA

b)

Cytosol

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

A ribosome

87.

Refer to the diagram above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because it

a)

Has mitochondria

b)

Does not have a cell wall

c)

Has a cell membrane

d)

Does not have a nucleus

88.

Which cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?

a)

Only animal cells

b)

Only prokaryotic cells

c)

Only eukaryotic cells

d)

All cells

89.

A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Vacuoles

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Lysosomes

90.

All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except

a)

A cell wall

b)

A cell membrane

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

91.

Why do heart cells, nerve cells, and liver cells look different under a microscope?

a)

Different types of microscopes have different levels of magnification.

b)

Shape determines function; each cell listed performs a specific task and is shaped for that task.

c)

Mutations in the cell cause it to take on different shapes and features.

d)

The cells listed above do not look different under a microscope.

92.

Autotrophs are organisms that can create their own “food” through the process of photosynthesis. Which organelle in plant cells does photosynthesis take place?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Chromatin

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Chromosome

93.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
94.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
95.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
96.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
97.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
98.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
99.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
100.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
101.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
102.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
103.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
104.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
105.
order of replication
a)
3, 2, 1, 4
b)
2, 1, 4, 3
c)
2, 3, 1, 4
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
106.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
107.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein

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