WorksheetsBiology Exam 1-3
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 30hrs 0mins
The model above represents an atom of what kind or element?
Zirconium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Calcium
What kind of bond is the atom above most likely to form with another atom?
Ionic
Polar covalent
Nonpolar covalent
Ayerogen
The atomic mass of this atom Is ____ a.m.u
20
40
60
80
If this atom gained a neutron, It would be considered _____.
Scandium
Potassium
an ion or the same atom
an isotope or the same atom
Which of the following statements about prokarvotes is FALSE?
They are obligate single-celled organisms
Their DNA is not contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.
The evolved before eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells do not contain ribosomes
What kind of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
lonic bond
Hydrogen bond
Which of the following statements about water is NOT true?
It is essential for life and the most abundant molecule on Earth.
It has a high heat capacity and therefore helps stabilize Earth's temperature.
Water molecules are bound together by hydrogen bonds which allows ice to be less dense than water.
It is a polar molecule, which contributes to its high surface tension.
All of the above are true
When an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a(n)_____ with a ______ charge.
anion; negative
anion; positive
cation; negative
cation: positive
None of the above, atoms can't gain electrons without changing their identity.
Which of the following statements is true about the functional group pictured below?
This is the polar hydroxyl group. It is hydrophilic.
This is the acidic carboxyl group. It is hydrophilic.
This is the basic carboxyl group. It is hydrophobic.
This is the nonpolar amino group. It is basic.
An atom has an atomic mass of 15 amu and 8 neutrons in the nucleus. What kind of
element is this?
Oxygen because there are 8 neutrons in the nucleus.
Phosphorous because the atomic number is 15.
Nitrogen because there are 7 protons in the nucleus.
Vanadium because 15 + 8 = 23.
Which of the following might be an example of a theory?
Scientists develop an equation that successfully predicts the size of a crater given the size of a meteor.
Scientists publish a paper analyzing the elements that make up a sample of a meteor.
Scientists develop an idea about why the frequency of meteor impacts varies in a consistent pattern over decades of observation.
Scientists design a spacecraft that can land on a meteor and drill into it to sample its make-up.
What kind of cell is pictured below?
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Bacterial cell
Archaea cell
Virus
The primary purpose of peer review is to ______.
ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical and thorough.
double check every detail of a scientist's research for accuracy.
share research with other scientists so they can build off of it.
prevent competing labs from publishing their work first.
Which of the following questions falls) outside the realm of scientific inquiry?
Are vaccines effective at preventing disease?
Are ghosts real?
Is medieval or modern architecture more beautiful?
Is it possible for humans to hybridize with other species?
B and C are both questions that science cannot answer.
Which of the following is the most accurate about viruses?
They are not alive because they cannot carry out all of the essential functions of living things on their own.
They are living things because they use the same genetic code and can reproduce.
They are not alive because they can be made of RNA instead of DNA.
They evolve, therefore they are living organisms.
Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of an emergent property?
Pack hunting behavior in a population of wolves.
Flight in birds, bats, insects etc.
The ability of a multicellular organism to move.
Polarity in molecules
Which of the following puts the levels of biological organization in correct order from least to most complex?
molecules, tissues, organelles, cells
Cells, organelles, organs, tissues
Organs, organ systems, organisms, organelles, populations
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
If you add a base to a solution, the pH or your solution should
decrease
increase
stay the same
get closer to neutral
If a chlorine atom has an atomic mass of 36, how many neutrons does it have?
17
19
36
72
On a phylogenetic tree, the organism that is the oldest, from which all of the other organisms evolved, can be found ______.
at the base
at the nodes
along the branches
at the branch tips
One of the most important qualities of Carbon is that each atom can bind with up to ______ other atoms.
Two
Four
Six
Eight
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the periodic table?
Electronegativity increases as you move from the bottom left to the top right.
The period an element is in tells you the number of electron shells an atom has.
The third electron shell holds 18 electrons.
The group an element belongs to tells you the number of valence electrons.
All of these statements are true.
Which of these levels of biological organization is the most complex?
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
What kind of cells make up the organism pictured here?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells
A suggested explanation for an observation that is both testable and falsifiable is called ____.
theory
variable
control
Hypothesis
The type of logic that predicts specific results from a general premise is called_____
inductive reasoning
the scientific method
applied science
deductive reasoning
Which of the following is FALSE about science?
Science aims to explain phenomena in the natural world.
Although it can take a long time, science is generally self-correcting.
Scientific inquiries follow the same steps in a specific order, called the scientific method
Nothing is ever really considered proven in science because new data can always cause conclusions to change
Which type of weak chemical bond is responsible for holding together strands of DNA?
Covalent bond
Ionic Bond
Van der Waals interactions
Hydrogen Bond
A substance that increases the concentration or hydrogen ions in a solution Is called
an acid
a base
nonpolar
ionic
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the molecules below?
Both molecules are hydrocarbons.
These molecules are structural isomers of one another.
The molecular formula for both is C4H10
None. All of these statements are true.
Prior to DNA sequencing technologies, taxonomists classified organisms into groups primarily based on
physical characteristics
behavioral observations
Geography
the scientists that discovered them
Both the unitv and diversity of life can be explained by
taxonomy
evolution
evolution
the periodic table
All of the following properties are shared by all living things EXCEPT:
The ability to grow
The ability to reproduce
The ability to move about its environment
The ability to consume and process energy
Which bond(s) or interaction(s) would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?
Covalent bonds between Carbon atoms
Hydrogen bonds
lonic and hydrogen bonds
lonic bonds
A solution with a pHi of 2 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pri of 5?
10 times more
30 times more
1000 times more
3000 times more
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
Carbon and amino groups
Hvdroxvl and carboxyl groups
Amino and hvdroxy groups
Amino and carboxvl groups
What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen!
2
4
1
6
An ion with 12 proions, 14 neutrons and a charge of 2+ has an alomic number of____.
14
12
26
2
One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion (as pictured below).
If the pH of your blood drops, you would expect ______
The bicarbonate to act as a base and remove excess H+
The bicarbonate to act as an acid and remove excess H+
An increase in bicarbonate ion concentration
An increase in hydrogen ion concentration
Thalidomide, a drug formerly used to relieve insomnia, and now used to treat cancer, exists as two enantiomers; that is, molecules that
Differ in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond.
Differ in the location of their double bonds
Have identical molecular formulas but are mirror images of each other.
Have identical molecular formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.
Which of the following are examples of dehydration synthesis reactions?
Peptide bond formation
Attaching fatty acids to a glycerol backbone
Splitting polysaccharides into individual sugar molecules
Dephosphorylation of ATP
A and B are both examples or dehydration synthesis
Glycolysis provides a cell with a NET gain of
2 ATP molecules
4 ATP molecules
18 ATP molecules
36 ATP molecules
Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic
acid fermentation?
hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P
oxidation of NADH to NAD+
reduction of NAD* to NADH
reduction of FAD to FADH2
The figure above depicts the synthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP), an important precursor in
nucleotide biosynthesis. The raw starting material for this pathway is ribose 5-phosphate, which is
converted to an intermediate, PRPP. IMP inhibits the formation of PRPP.
Based on the information above, which of the following is correct?
ribose 5-phosphate is the substrate, ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase is the enzyme
ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase is the substrate, PRPP is the enzyme
IMP is the substrate, ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase is the product
This represents a negative feedback loop where the final product is able to inhibit an enzyme earlier in the pathway to regulate Its own production
A and D are both correct
Compare A and B in the figure above. B represents
the catalvsis or the substrate
the induced fit of the active site
noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme
competitive inhibition of an enzyme
A glycosidic linkage between monosaccharides is analogous to which of the following?
A peptide bond between amino acids
An ester linkage between nucleotides
An ester linkage between a fatty acid and glycerol
All of the above
None of the above
Which, of the following statements is FALSE about the impact of DNA mutations on proteins?
Mutations that result in an amino acid with very different characteristics than the original amino acid are more likely to be deleterious for protein function.
Any change in the DNA will change the shape of the protein and therefore destroy its function.
Not all changes in DNA sequence will result in changes in amino acid sequence
The consequence of a DNA mutation for the protein depends on the specific change that is made and where the change occurs.
None of these statements are false, all of the above are true.
When people lack insulin, or are resistant to its activity, they develop diabetes, or chronic high blood sugar.
This is because
Insulin promotes glucose absorption from the blood by increasing the number of glucose
transporters in the membrane.
Insulin is an anabelic. hormone thgt promotes the conversion of small molecules into larger
Insulin promotes the breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration.
A and B are both correct
As a general rule of thumb, phosphorylation tends to ______ molecules because phosphate bond________a lot of energy. Therefore, ATP is ________ reacive relative to ADP
destabilize; capture; more
destabilize: capture: less
stabilize; release; less
stabilize; release; more
Which of the following conditions will increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane?
Increased pressure
Thicker membranes
Colder temperatures
Dehydration
Use the image above to help you answer this question. In a metabolically active mitochondrion
the matrix (B) will have a higher pH than the intermembrane space (A).
the matrix (B) will have a lower pH than the intermembrane space (A)
the matrix B) will have a higher concentration of H* than the intermembrane space (A).
both B and C are correct.
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?
Phosphate bonds in ATP
Sodium ions moving across the membrane down their concentration gradient
Water behind a dam
Water flowing in a stream
Both A and C are examples of potential energy
What will the mRNA sequence be for the following DNA sequence?
GACTACCTG
GACUACCUG
CUGAUGGAC
CTGATGGAC
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, It would have to be _________.
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Exposed on only one surface of the membrane
Amphipathic, with at least one stretch of sequence that is hydrophobic
According to the fluid mosaic model, a plasma membrane _______
is composed of a mosaic of fluid polysaccharides and amphipathic proteins, with lipids attached to both surfaces
is composed primarily of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids,
with some embedded amphipathic proteins as well as both proteins and polysaccharides on both surfaces
is composed of a fluid lipids between two layers of hydrophilic proteins
is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids between two layers of hydrophilic proteins
Sally has a 3 month old baby who has developed a fever of 104F. When she calls the pediatrician she advises Sally to take the Daby to the emergency room immediately. She also recommends that Sallv do things to reduce the baby s body temperature quickly such as placing a cold rag on the head and back of the neck, removing the baby's clothing and sitting in front of an air conditioner. Which of the following best explains why the doctor is so concerned about getting the baby's body temperature down quickly?
The doctor is just trying to avoid having to give the baby medicine.
The doctor just wants to help Sally get the baby to stop crying.
Proteins are critical for carrying out nearly all cellular functions. High temperatures can denature proteins, and this is sometimes irreversible
The
doctor is trying to prevent the baby's DNA from being degraded
The carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere when animals breathe is produced during which
stages of cellular respiration?
Oxidation of pyruvate and citric acid cycle
GlycolvsIs and citric acid cycle
glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Every stage produces caroon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a correct match between a macromolecule and the monomer that builds It!
Proteins - amino acids
Nucleic acids - nitrogenous acids
Lipids - fatty acids
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
Which Of the following are least likely to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane?
Small hydrophobic molecules
Smal ions
Large polar molecules
Caron dioxide
Water molecules
After glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain, most of the energy from
glucose is stored
in ATP
In carbon dioxide
In the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2
in water that has been released
Cholesterol acts as a buffer for membrane fluidity. When temperatures ______, cholesterol can form additional
Interactions with phospholipids to______ fluidity.
Increase: Decrease
increase: Increase
decrease: Increase
decrease: decrease
Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?
Proteins are translated into RNA which is then transcribed into DNA
Proteins are transcribed into RNA which is then translated into DNA
DNA is translated into RNA. which is then transcribed into
proteins.
DNA and RNA form a complex that is then translated into proteins.
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins
Which of the following conditions will make membranes more rigid?
Short fatty acid tails, more unsaturated fatty acids, and colder temperatures
Short fatty acid tails. more unsaturated fatty acids, and warmer temperatures
Long fatty acid tails, more unsaturated fatty acids, and warmer temperatures
Long fatty acid tails, more saturated fatty acids, and colder temperatures
Long fatty acid tails, more saturated fatty acids, and warmer temperatures
Which of the following statements is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for a
living organism?
Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter.
An organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.
The energy content of an organism is constant because energy is simply transformed
The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about differences between RNA and DNA?
DNA is a double stranded helix, while RNA is typically single stranded
DNA and RNA use all the same nucleotides so that RNA can easily be made from DNA
Guanine and cytosine always pair together, regardless of whether they are in DNA or KNA
DNA uses deoxyribose in the sugar-phosphate backbone, while RNA uses ribose.
RNA is less stable than DNA
Why is ATP an important molecule In
metabolism?
Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two phosphate bonds
Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases Tree energy that can be coupled with endergonic reactions.
ATP hydrolysis provides the primary source of heat energy that maintains our body temperature
Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions
Based on the figure above, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into a cell"
adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions
decreasing cytoplasmic pH
decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration
decreasing extracellular pH
Both B and D would cause more sucrose to enter the cell
Which of the following statements about the reaction depicted is FALSE?
This reaction summarizes multiple metabolic pathways that are collectively called cellular respiration
C6H2O6, is oxidized and O2 is reduced
Approximately 30-36 ATP will be produced, depending on the species
CO, Is oxidized and HO is reduced.
Only part of this reaction will proceed if oxygen is not present.
How many RNA nucleotides are required to create a polypeptide that is 360 amino acids long?
360 nucleotides
120 nucleotides
90 nucleotides
36 nucleotides
180 nucleotides
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
All anabolic reactions are endergonic, but they are not all dehydration synthesis reactions.
All hydrolysis reactions are catabolic and exergonic
All endergonic reactions are dehydration synthesis reactions
All catabolic reactions are hydrolysis reactions.
A and B are both true.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
4 electrons are transferred: 2 from NADH and 2 from FADH,
8 H+ are pumped out into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. This sets up the H+ concentration gradient that is used to fuel AlP synthase.
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.
2 water molecules are generated
All of the above are true.
Use the following information to answer the question below
Which curves on the graphs may represent the temperature and ph profiles of an enzyme taken from Natronomonas pharaonis, a species of bacterium that lives in alkaline (basic) lakes at temperatures ranging between 20-28 degrees Celsius?
cures 3 and 5
cures 1 and 4
cures 2 and 4
curves 1 and 5
Which of the following statements is TRUE for endergonic reactions?
Endergonic reactions are catabolic
The products nave
more total enerav than the reactants, so G > 0
A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
B and C are both true for endergonic reactions
How many molecules of water are used during the hydrolysis of a 16 monomer-long cellulose
16
15
32
8
ATP provides the phosphate groups for substrate-level phosphorylation
In the citric acid cvcle
during oxidative phosphorylation
In glycolysis
In both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
In the figure above. the solute cannot pass through the membrane, but water can. In this case, which direction will the water move?
The water will not move as the volume is equal on both sides.
The net movement of water will be from side A to side B.
The net movement of water will be from side B to side A
The water will move constantly between sides, but at the same rate so there is no net movement.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between area A and area B in the figure
above?
Side B has a higher osmolarity than side A
Side A has a higher osmolarity than side B
Side B is hypertonic relative to side A
Both A and C are true.
None of the above are true
Which of the following statements about the sodium -potassium pump is FALSE?
This pump is an example of a symporter because it moves two different things.
It pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell for each cycle.
It is an example of primarv active transport. which means it requires energy from ATP hydroysis
It is electrogenic because it establishes a charge imbalance between the inside and outside of the cell
It Is critical for establishing and maintaining the resting membrane potential. Neurons in particular would not unction without It.
H+ ions falling down their concentration gradient to power ATP synthase Is
Called chemiosmosis
An example of kinetic energy
The final steo in cellular respiration
All Of the above are true.
None of the above are true
Which of the following statements about active transport is FALSE?
This is the process cells use to move molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
The resting membrane potential is estaolished this wav
Facilitated diffusion is an example of active transport.
Bulk transport is always an active process, regardless of what is being transported or whether it is coming in or out of the cell
It requires an expenditure of energy by the Cell
Which of the mutations depicted above represents a nonsense mutation?
Mutation #1
Mutation #2
Mutation #3
Mutation #4
Which of the mutations shown above supports the notion of redundancy in the genetic Code?
Mutation #1
Mutation #2
Mutation #3
Mutation #4
The region upstream of a gene that contains the TATA box is known as the_____.
enhancer
Promoter
consensus sequence
transcription start site
Although they both contain the same DNA, cells in the human heart do not look or behave the same as cells in the human bladder. This is because of_____.
differences in cell division and therefore DNA replication
differences In mutation rates
differential gene expression
differences in enzyme Kinetics
In most plants, water carred up from the roots through the______while glucose is carried down through the_____.
xylem; phloem
phloem; xylem
xylem; stomata
phloem; stomata
Which of the following best explains why a deletion of 1 bp is likely to be more deleterious than a deletion of 3 bp?
A single base pair deletion will not be more deleterious because the larger the deletion, the more likely it is to be deleterious.
Since mRNA codons are "read" in groups of 3, deleting only 1 base pair will shift the reading frame for everything downstream and lead to a nonfunctional protein.
Deleting 3 base pairs will only remove one amino acid as long as the 3 bp are in-frame
Both B and C are true.
When a protein is tagged with ubiquitin, it will be degraded by the proteosome.Therefore, ubiquitination is an example of______regulation.
post-transcriptional
post-translational
epigenetic
translational
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells ocours at which level(s)?
Only the transcriptional level
Epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels
Epigenetic and transcriptional levels
Epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
Which of the following statements is FALSE about light energy?
It comes from the sun in the form of photons
Higher energy light has shorter wavelengths
Approximately 400-700nm is the visible light spectrum
Photosynthetic organisms rely primarily on ultraviolet light
Which of the following scientific questions was answered by Meselson and Stahl's experiments with heavy and light nitrogen?
Which macromolecule transmits heritable information: DNA or proteins?
What is the structure of DNA?
Is DNA replication conservative, semi-conservative or dispersive?
How are telomeres maintained during DNA replication?
Which macromolecule is capable of transforming bacteria?
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
Autotrophs consume their food, while heterotrophs make their own food
Autotrophs make their own food. while heterotrophs have to consume their food
Autotrophs use sunlight to make food, while heterotrophs use chemicals to make their own food
Heterotrophs eat lots of different foods while autotrophs only eat one kind of food
A mature mRNA sequence that is 240 nucleotides long will yield a protein composed of
now many amino acids?
80
120
240
480
According to Chargaff's Rule, if DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found to contain 27% adenine, what would be the percentage of cytosine?
27%
54%
46%
23%
When glucose is absent and lactose is present, the lac operon can be activated
Similarly, when glucose Is present, the lac operon can be repressed. Since it is responsive to the needs of the cell, the lac operon is considered_______
reproducible
Inducible
suppressible
enhanceable
Which of the following experiments showed that DNA is the heritable material in cells?
Hershey and Chase's bacteriophage blender experiments
Rosalind Franklin's photo 51
Griffith. Oswald. Mcleod, and Avery's experiments with different macromolecules from a dead bacterial strain injected with a non-pathogenic strain
Meselson and Stahl's experiments with heavy and light nitrogen
Which of the following molecular equations summarizes the reactions of photosynthesis?
A
B
C
D
______is the enzyme that separates the two parent strands of DNA to form a replication fork
Helicase
Telomerase
Topoisomerase
DNA Polymerase
Primase
The final electron acceptor of the light reaction its ______.
Oxygen
Water
NAD+
NADPH
NADP+
What is the process being depicted in the figure above?
Splicing
Maturing
Excising
Slicing
Which of the following statements is FALSE about cinlorophyll?
Chlorophyll a and b are the primary pigments in chloroplasts
Most plants are green because chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light and reflects green light
Chlorophyll extract will fluoresce red when exposed to blue light because red light is higher energy than blue light
Chlorophyll molecules are found primarily in photosystems I and II in the thylakoid membranes
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the______ while translation happens in the______.
nucleus; cytoplasm
cytoplasm; nucleus
nucleus: endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria; cytoplasm
How many molecules of carbon dioxide are required to produce a single molecule or glucose during photosynthesis?
3
6
12
1
_______trees are broad leafy trees that drop their leaves in the winter, so they have to store all of their glucose during warmer months. However,______ trees don't drop
leaves so they are able to photosynthesize year-round, although they arent quite as
Deciduous; conterous
Coniferous; deciduous
Tropical; northern
Deciduous: desert
Evergreen; desert
Which of the following is associated with decreased mRNA stability?
The 5' cap
The poly-A tail
microRNAs
RNA binding proteins on the UTRs
In which compartment of the plant cell do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
Mesophyll
Cytoplasm
Stroma
Thylakoid
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the pH in different compartments of a Chloroplast activtly undergoina photosynthesis?
The pH of the stroma should be about the same as that of the thvlakoid lumen
The pH in the thylakoid lumen should be higher than in the stroma
The pt in the thylakoid lumen should be lower than that of the stroma
The pH of the stroma should be higher than the oH of the stomata
Genes such as p53, that normallv function to restrict cell growth and that cause cancer when mutated, are referred to as
tumor suppressors
transtormation genes
tumor promoters
oncogenes
Which of the following is TRUE about the Human Genome Project?
It was a huge international effort to sequence the entire human genome.
They used multiple individuals, so the reference genome is actually a mosaic.
It became a big showdown between the private and public research sectors.
The first draft was published in 2001, but the human genome was not officially declared complete until May 2021
All of the above statements are true about the HGP
The ends of linear chromosomes are
maintained of________ in normal cells.
DNA polymerase
helicase
Topoisomerase
Telomerase
Which of the following is TRUE about next generation sequencing techniques?
They have dramatically reduced the cost of sequencing genomes.
They are helping scientists understand how and where humans evolved.
They are at the heart of the personalized medicine revolution.
They utilize very similar methods to older sequencing techniques, but have been automated to do things in "massive parallel*
All of the above statements are true about next-gen sequencing
In the gel electrophoresis experiment depicted above, which lane contains the shortest
DNA fragment?
Lane 1
Lane 2
Lane 3
Lane 4
Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification that_____.
makes DNA more accessible by causing nucleosomes to become less compact.
makes DNA less accessible by causing nudieosornes to becone nore compact.
tends to increase transcription of the genes in that region.
tends to decrease transcription of the genes in that region.
Both A and C are true
Transcription is typically terminated by the formation or a(n)_____ while translation is terminated when the ribosome encounters a(n)_______
Hairpin loop; STOP codon
STOP codon; hairpin loop
Hairoin loop: START codon
START codon; hairpin loop
STOP codon: STOP codon
Which of the following describes what happens to a protein after it is released from the ribosome?
It stays in the cytoplasm to begin carrying out its normal functions.
It heads to the mitochondria to get phosphorylated by ATP.
It is translocated to the endoplasmic reticulum for further modification and folding.
It returns to the nucleus for further modification and folding.
Who are the scientists that proposed what we now know to be the structure of DNA?
Meselson and Sta
Hershey and Chase
Avery, Oswald, and McLeod
Watson and Crick
On a hot, dry day, plants will close their stomata to conserve water. What impact will this
have on photosvnthesis?
It will not have any impact on photosynthesis since there Is still sunlight available
to provide energy for the reactions.
Photosynthesis will decrease significantly since there is no way to bring in carbon dioxide or release the oxygen waste.
Since extra water cannot escape, photosynthesis will actually speed up
Photosynthesis will continue as normal for a while, but eventually the plant will build up too much carbon dioxide waste and then photosynthesis will stop
_______catalyze(s) DNA replication,_________catalyze(s) transcription :and _______catalyzes) translation.
DNA polymerase; RNA polymerase; ribosomes
Ribosomes: DNA polymerase: RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase: ribosomes: DNA polymerase
Helicase: Primase: Telomerase
Of the following amino acids, which is likely to be the most common in protein sequences?
Leucine (Leu, L)
Methionine (Met, M)
Proline (Pro, P)
Cysteine (Cys, C)
Which of the following is a possible anticodon for Histidine (His, H)?
CAC
CAU
GUG
GGC
Use the image above to translate the followina mRNA sequence: AUGUCAGGCACGUGA
Cys-GIn-Ala-Arg-lle
Met-Ser-Gly-Thr-STOP
Met-GIn-Ala-Val-STOP
Val-Arg-His-STOP
