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Evidence for Evolution Review

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

As these embryos continue to develop, what will most likely happen?

a)

Develop new organs according to the nutritional requirements of each organism

b)

Share similar habitats

c)

Develop the distinctive characteristics of their own species

d)

Continue to closely resemble each other as adults.

2.

Based off of the bone structure of humans and snakes, which of the following can we conclude?

a)

Humans are an ancestor of snakes

b)

One of the ancestors of snakes had legs, which they no longer use

c)

Humans will eventually become snakes

d)

Snakes have legs that they still use

3.

Based on these DNA sequences, which animal is most closely related to humans?

a)

Rhesus Monkey

b)

Mouse

c)

Dog

4.

Using this fossil record, which statement below is true?

a)

The T-rex lived before the Devonian fish

b)

Trilobites lived in multiple time periods

c)

The mammoth and the T-rex lived close together in time.

d)

The Devonian fish is the oldest fossil ever found.

5.

Why is the fossil record considered evidence for evolution?

a)

They provide physical examples of living things changing over time

b)

Fossils are very easy to find, making this type of evidence very common

c)

They show organisms developing from early stages of life until they die.

6.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
7.
This kind of structure are body parts that have no function now and are just the remains from an ancestor.
a)
analogous structure
b)
homologous structure
c)
vestigial structure
8.
This kind of structure is when the structures have the same function but have a different structure/form. 
a)
analogous structure
b)
homologous structure
c)
vestigial structure
9.
The image shows an example of..
a)
vestigial structure
b)
analogous structure
c)
homologous structure
10.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
11.
The image shows an example of..
a)
vestigial structure
b)
homologous structure
c)
analogous structure
12.

The bones in the figure above are-

a)

Evidence of a common ancestor

b)

Evidence that animals can walk

c)

Evidence that fossils are old

d)

Evidence of nothing

13.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

14.
Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.
a)
True
b)
False
15.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
16.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
17.
Analogous structures show common ancestry.
a)
True
b)
False
18.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

19.

Which of the following are vestigial structures humans have? Select all that apply.

a)

Appendix

b)

Tailbone

c)

Forearm bones

d)

Goosebumps

20.
How would you describe this evolution?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
21.

When scientists see similarities between a hippopotamus embryo and a rabbit embryo, this suggests:

a)

Rabbits evolved from hippopotamus.

b)

Hippopotamus share a common ancestor with rabbits.

c)

Hippopotamus evolved from rabbits.

d)

Hippopotamus and rabbits share the same traits.

22.

body parts that perform a similar function but differ in structure

a)

homologous structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

vestigial structures

d)

comparative anatomy

23.

Penguin flipper and fish fin

a)

Homologous

b)

Vestigial

c)

Analogous

d)

None of the above

24.

The analysis of embryos can prove...

a)

fossils

b)

extinction

c)

common ancestry

25.

Similar structures with different purposes found in different species are known as _____

a)

vestigial structures

b)

DNA

c)

homologous structures

d)

the fossil record

26.
Which statement about fossils could be used as evidence that evolution by natural selection has been in effect for millions of years?
a)
Fossils found in higher layers of rock are older than those found in lower levels.
b)
Fossils found in lower layers of rock are more complex than those found in higher layers.
c)
Fossils of current species have been found throughout rock layers that are billions of years old.
d)
Fossils of species that no longer exist but are ancestors of current species have been found in rock layers.
27.
Fish, reptiles, and mammals each have gill slits during part of their embryological development.  Which statement best explains this observation?
a)
Their embryos all swam in the sea.
b)
They each evolved one from the other.
c)
The had a common ancestor.
d)
They do not excrete gases during their development.
28.
Scientists recovered the body of a woolly mammoth from the frozen soil of Siberia. The DNA sequence of the woolly mammoth was very similar to the DNA sequence of the African elephant. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this information?
a)
 African elephants evolved directly from woolly mammoths.
b)
a.  The woolly mammoth and the African elephant have a common ancestor.
c)
Woolly mammoths had the same number of chromosomes as African elephants.
d)
The African elephant and the woolly mammoth are actually the same species.
29.
 _________ are similar structures found in groups of related organisms. 
a)
vestigial structures 
b)
homologous structures 
c)
analogous structures
d)
none of these options
30.
The bones that make up the forelimbs of monkeys, cats, whales, and birds are similar. Which of the following statements best supports the evolutionary relationship of these animals?
a)
The animals have different ancestries but have adapted to similar environments.
b)
The animals share a common ancestry but have adapted to different environments.
c)
The animals at one time lived in different environments but now share an environment.
d)
The animals use their forelimbs for identical activities but live in different environments.
31.
The diagrams represent the forelimbs of three different vertebrates. Which field of study, providing evidence of evolution, is represented by the similarity in bone structure among these organisms? 
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative chemistry
c)
comparative anatomy
d)
none of these options
32.

According to this image, which organism is LEAST closely related to the baboon? (HINT: differences are circled in red)

a)

Chimp

b)

Lemur

c)

Gorilla

d)

Human

33.

According to this image of the DNA of 4 organisms, which organism is LEAST closely related to Sample 1?

a)

Sample 2

b)

Sample 3

c)

Sample 4

34.

A grasshopper and a honeybee have similarly structured mouth parts, although they use their mouth parts for different things. The mouth parts ARE INHERITED from a common ancestor. Are these mouthparts examples of homologous or analogous structures?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

35.

Look at the picture of the two structures. These bones were NOT INHERITED from a common ancestor. Are the fish fin and penguin fin homologous or analogous structures?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

36.

Many snakes have leg nubs, but do not use them to slither around the ground. This is an example of what type of structure?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

37.

Based on the fossil pictured, what currently living species is most closely related to this extinct species?

a)

Zebra

b)

Snake

c)

Monkey

d)

Human

38.

Which layer has fossils with the most RECENTLY evolved organisms?

a)

Layer A

b)

Layer B

c)

Layer C

d)

Layer D

39.

How do fossils provide evidence for evolution? Select all that apply

a)

Rock layers that fossils are found in show different time periods and we can see a change over time

b)

Fossils show how populations will change in the future because they show which traits have been successful before

c)

We can compare body structures in fossils to modern day organisms and see that they are the exact same

d)

It shows that ancient populations changed really quickly, and that evolution is a fast process

40.

Which of these answer BEST describes a fossil?

a)

fossils are remains or traces of once-living organisms found in layers of rock or ice, or in amber.

b)

organism from which other organisms are descended.

c)

body of an organism that died recently but has not decomposed

41.

Which of these statements is TRUE of the fossil record?

a)

The fossil record contains a complete record of every extinct organism.

b)

The fossil record contains mostly soft organisms that had no hard bones of outer shell

c)

Newer layers contain organisms more similar to modern-day organisms than do older layers.

42.

The diagram below shows a portion of the fossil record in sedimentary rock. Different rock layers and fossils are clearly visible.

a)

Layer B contains the second-oldest fossils.

b)

Layer A contains the most recently formed fossils.

c)

The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer D.

43.

A scientist described two modern-day species as sharing a common ancestor. What does it mean when two species share a common ancestor/

a)

It means that the two species are actually the same species

b)

It means that one of the species evolved from other species

c)

It means that both species evolved from one species that lived in the past.

44.

William discovered that two modern-day species have very similar DNA. He concludes that the two species are closely related. What type of evidence did William MOST LIKELY use to reach his conclusion?

a)

fossil evidence

b)

DNA evidence

c)

structural evidence

45.
which of the folllowing is an exammple of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the wings of an ostrich
46.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
47.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
48.
What Is Evolution?
a)
Change Over Time
b)
Different Species
c)
Theory Of Life 
49.
What Is The Theory Of Evolution?
a)
All Living Things Arose From Different Anscestor
b)
All Living Things Arose From A Common Anscestor
c)
All Living Things Arose From Two Anscestors
50.
This provides information about the history of life on earth and how organisms lived and evolved over time.
a)
fossil data
b)
fossil evidence
c)
fossil  record
d)
remains of fossil
51.
The process in which populations gradually change over time is called: 
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Evolution
c)
Environment
d)
Extinct specie
52.
The death of every member of a specie
a)
fossil
b)
endangered
c)
evolution
d)
extinction
53.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
54.
2. What is a Mass Extinction?
a)
When an organism dies off from Earth
b)
When multiple species or organisms die off from Earth
c)
A type of trait
55.
Define homologous structure
a)
similar function; different structure
b)
similar structure; different function
c)
remnants of structures left from ancestor organisms
d)
similar structure; similar function
56.
Define vestigial structure
a)
similar function; different structure
b)
similar structure; different function
c)
remnants of structures left from ancestor organisms
d)
similar structure; similar function
57.

The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---

a)

The organisms shown lived in the same natural environment

b)

The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor

c)

The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases

d)

All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs

58.

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.


The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

a)

belong to the same species

b)

must travel great distances to eat

c)

have very similar skeletal structures

d)

are descended from a common ancestor

59.

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine (find out)?

a)

The color patterns of the offspring of each species

b)

How much the size ranges of the two species differ

c)

The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

d)

How closely related the two species are to each other

60.

Three species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa.

The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map below.


Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?

a)

The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro

b)

The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times

c)

The common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa

d)

The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time

61.

According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to:

a)

Species I

b)

Species II

c)

Species III

d)

Species IV

62.

How does Pangaea support the Theory of Evolution? Select all that apply

a)

It provides an explanation for why similar fossils are found on different continents

b)

The movement of continents provides an example of a big change in environment that would cause evolutionary pressures that would drive species to evolve

c)

It explains how the planet became warmer over the years

d)

It provides evidence that continents are growing in size slowly

63.

What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?

a)

Evolution

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Biogeography

d)

Biogeology

64.
The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)
a)
vestigial structure
b)
analogous structure
c)
homologous structure
d)
fossil structure
65.
What is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world?
a)
geology
b)
biogeography
c)
paleontology
d)
geography
66.

Two organisms that are closely related would have...

a)

very similar DNA sequences

b)

no proteins in common

c)

exactly the same DNA sequences

d)

completely different DNA sequences

67.

When a species completely dies out, it is considered...

a)

adapted

b)

fossilized

c)

extinct

d)

mutated

68.

Remains of organisms are called...

a)

extinctions

b)

mutations

c)

fossils

d)

variation

69.

The geographical distribution of plants and animals

a)

Biogeography

b)

Animal Geography

c)

Human Geography

d)

Plantogeography

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