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Ap bio semester 1 reveiw

Total questions: 102

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
2.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
3.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
4.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
5.
Green plants reflect ________ light.
a)
Red
b)
Green
c)
All
d)
Red and Violet
6.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
7.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
8.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
9.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

10.

Most chemical reactions in the body rely on enzymes. Why are enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

a)

The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing

b)

The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing

c)

Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions.

d)

Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.

11.

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

a)

The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.

b)

The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.

c)

Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

d)

There is no connection between the two statements.

12.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
13.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
14.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
15.
A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
a)
Archaea
b)
Animalia
c)
Fungi
d)
Eukarya
16.
Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?
a)
covalent bonds between carbon atoms
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
ionic bonds
d)
ionic and hydrogen bonds
17.
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another molecule. What is this attraction called?
a)
a covalent bond
b)
a hydrogen bond
c)
an ionic bond
d)
a Van der Waals interaction
18.
The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because ...
a)
one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom
b)
the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus.
19.
The element present in all organic molecules is
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
carbon
d)
nitrogen
20.
Why is carbon so important to biology?
a)
It is a common element on Earth.
b)
It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor.
c)
It bonds to only a few other elements.
d)
It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.
21.
A 'thiol' functional group includes which element?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon
c)
phosphorous
d)
sulfur
22.
Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?
a)
The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
b)
The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
23.
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
a)
mitochondrion
b)
ribosome
c)
chloroplast
d)
ER
24.
Which of the following is NOT true?
Both chloroplasts & mitochondria ...
a)
have their own DNA
b)
have multiple membranes
c)
are part of the endomembrane system
d)
are capable of reproducing themselves
25.
In a plant cell, DNA may be found...
a)
only in the nucleus.
b)
only in the nucleus and the chloroplasts.
c)
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
d)
in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.
26.
Which of these conditions are always true of populations due to natural selection?
1)  The population must vary in traits that are inheritable.
2) Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
3) Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
a)
Condition 1 only
b)
Condition 2 only
c)
Conditions 1 & 2
d)
Conditions 2 & 3
27.
The image below shows a polymer of glucose molecules. What type of macromolecule is this?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
protein
c)
lipid
d)
nucleic acid
28.
What type of macromolecule is shown in the image below?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Fatty Acid
d)
Protein
29.
What is the ratio carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in carbohydrates?
a)
1:1:1
b)
1:2:1
c)
2:1:1
d)
2:1:2
30.
What is the monomer of proteins?
a)
monosaccharides
b)
amino acids
c)
phospholipids
d)
nucleotide
31.
What is the function of fats for living organisms?
a)
short term energy storage
b)
store hereditary information
c)
long term energy storage
d)
catalyze metabolic reactions
32.
Identify the macromolecule in the image below.
a)
carbohydrate
b)
nucleic acid
c)
protein
d)
lipid
33.
How are the subunits of proteins linked together?
a)
ionic bonds
b)
amino acids
c)
monomers
d)
peptide bonds
34.
Which statement about polymers is not true?
a)
polymers consist of more than one type of monomer
b)
polymers are broken down through hydrolysis
c)
polymers are synthesized through dehydration synthesis
d)
All are untrue
35.
The image depicts which level of structure in proteins?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
tertiary
d)
quaternary
36.
Which 4 elements make up most of all living matter?
a)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
b)
Carbon, Oxygen, Sodium, Potassium
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Nitrogen
d)
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
37.
Which kingdoms contain Eukaryotes?
a)
Bacteria and Archaea
b)
Bacteria and Animalia
c)
Fungi and Protista
d)
Archaea and Plantae
38.
When atoms share electrons unequally...
a)
a nonpolar covalent bond is formed.
b)
an ionic bond is formed.
c)
a polar covalent bond is formed.
d)
a hydrogen bond is formed.
39.
Which type of lipid forms the primary structure of the cell membrane?
a)
triglycerides
b)
wax
c)
cholesterol
d)
phospholipid
40.
If a hydroxyl functional group is present, which of the following is likely to be true?
a)
The compound will dissolve in water.
b)
The compound is hydrophobic.
c)
The compound will not form hydrogen bonds.
d)
The compound is nonpolar.
41.
What is the difference between carbon-12 and carbon-14? (Hint: 12 and 14 are mass #)
a)
The number of protons in the nucleus.
b)
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
c)
The number of neutrons in the nucleus.
d)
The number of electrons in the orbitals.
42.

Enables cell to engulf bulk quantities of specific large molecules is called

a)

pinocytosis

b)

phagocytosis

c)

receptor-mediated endocytosis

d)

exocytosis

43.

Diffusion with the help of transport proteins is called

a)

phagocytosis

b)

Na-K Pump

c)

Facilitated Diffusion

d)

Active Transport

44.

Movement of molecules "up" or "against" the concentration gradient (meaning low to high) is called

a)

passive transport

b)

active transport

c)

diffusion

d)

facilitated diffusion

45.

Movement of any particle "down" or "with" the concentration gradient is called

a)

diffusion

b)

endocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

active transport

46.

Fusion of membrane-bound vesicle with membrane and dumping contents outside cell is known as

a)

endocytosis

b)

diffusion

c)

osmosis

d)

exocytosis

47.

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the cells?

a)

osmosis

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

diffusion

48.

What happens to a cell when exposed to a hypertonic solution?

a)

shrivels

b)

swells

c)

stays the same

49.

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

a)

shrivels

b)

swells

c)

stays the same

50.

What happens to a single-celled organism placed in a drop of pure water?

a)

shrivels

b)

swells

c)

stays the same

51.

Plant cells are happy when they are turgid, which solution would maintain a plant's turgidity?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

52.

Which type of solution would cause a plant cell to be flaccid, not plasmolyze, but flaccid?

a)

hypotonic

b)

hypertonic

c)

isotonic

53.

Animal cells prefer ____ solutions and plant cells prefer _______ solutions for homeostasis.

a)

hypertonic, hypotonic

b)

hypotonic, hypertonic

c)

isotonic, hypotonic

d)

isotonic, hypertonic

54.

When organisms maintain a stable internal environment it is known as

a)

homeostasis

b)

differentiation

c)

maintenance

d)

transformation

55.

The main component of cell membranes are

a)

proteins

b)

phospholipids

c)

cholesterol

d)

carbohydrate tags

56.

When you are sick and your white blood cells engulf the foreign bacteria, how would this occur?

a)

By diffusion

b)

By phagocytosis

c)

By pinocytosis

d)

By facilitated diffusion

57.
The element present in all organic molecules is
a)
Nitrogen
b)
Phosphorus
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Carbon
58.
How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
8
59.
Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?
a)
They have the same chemical properties
b)
They have an asymmetrical carbon that makes them mirror images
c)
They have different molecular formulas
d)
They have variations in arrangement around a double bond
60.
Which of the structures shown is an impossible covalently bonded molecule?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
61.
Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
62.
Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
63.
The three stages of cell signalling are
a)
paracrine, local, and synaptic
b)
reception, transduction, and response
c)
transcription, translation, and folding
d)
alpha, beta, and gamma
64.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
G-protein receptor
b)
tyrosine kinase receptor
c)
gated ion channel
65.
Protein kinases activate other relay proteins by adding a(n) ____ to them.
a)
phosphate
b)
ATP molecule
c)
cAMP
d)
GTP
66.
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
a)
gated ion channel
b)
G-protein receptor
c)
tyrosine kinase receptor
67.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
68.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
69.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

70.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

71.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

72.

The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________.

a)

cAMP

b)

protein kinase

c)

GTP

d)

ATP

e)

protein phosphatase

73.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

a)

all work via protein kinases

b)

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

c)

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

d)

all work by opening ion channels

e)

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

74.
Which of the following statement is correct?
a)
Cell communicate with one another in multicellular organisms using extracellular signaling molecules or hormones
b)
Cell communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using extracellular signaling antigen and antibody
c)
Cell communicate with one another in multicellular organisms using intracellular signaling molecules only
d)
Cell communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using intracellular signaling antigen and antibody
75.
A cell is known to respond to a particular signaling molecule. Which of the following must be true of this cell?
a)
It is in the heart muscle
b)
it is also the site of production for the signaling molecule
c)
It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule
d)
It is incapable of signal transduction
76.

What is Apoptosis?

a)

Programmed cell death

b)

Inflammation of cell

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Plasmolysis

77.

Why is apoptosis required?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Cell division: Meiosis and mitosis

c)

Elimination of threats such as viruses and DNA damage

78.

This image is of what type of macromolecule?

a)

lipid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

79.

Which type of macromolecule is used for long term energy storage?

a)
b)
c)
d)
80.

Which of the following is considered fully saturated?

a)
b)
c)
d)
81.

Which of the following is considered MOSTLY NONPOLAR?

a)
b)
c)
d)
82.

How many amino acids are featured here?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

83.

Meat is considered to contain the highest of which macromolecule?

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

nucleic acid

d)

lipid

84.

Lugol's reagent tests for the presence of starches. Which type of macromolecule does it test for?

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

85.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

In order to create a polymer, a water is removed.

b)

In order to create a polymer, a water is added.

c)

In order to create a polymer, hydrolysis must occur.

d)

In order to create a polymer, oxygen must be present.

86.
What is the name for a molecule that has a polar head region and a hydrophobic tail region?
a)
Bihydrophicity
b)
Amphipathic
c)
Hydrophilic
d)
Dipolarity
87.
What do the brown structures represent?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Glycoproteins
c)
Channel Proteins 
d)
Cyctoskeleton Filaments
88.
What molecule plays and important role in controlling cell membrane fluidity? 
a)
Insulin
b)
Testosterone
c)
Triglyceride
d)
Cholesterol 
89.
What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration? 
a)
Mitosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Passive Transport
d)
Active Transport
90.
What extracellular molecules aid in cell recognition and cell to cell binding?
a)
Glycoproteins
b)
Glycolipids
c)
Proteoglycans
d)
All of the above
91.
Which of the following types of transport requires energy?
a)
Passive
b)
Active
92.
Which of the following factors does NOT determine the speed of diffusion? 
a)
Temperature
b)
Diameter
c)
pH
d)
Concentration Gradients 
93.
The cell that is pictured here in is what type of solution?
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
None of these
94.
_________ proteins are integral membrane proteins that form channels across the membrane through which some substances can pass. 
a)
Anchored
b)
Gated
c)
Embeded
d)
Channel 
95.

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?

a)

central vacuole

b)

peroxisome

c)

lysosome

d)

chloroplast

96.

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.

a)

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions

b)

Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria

c)

Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea

d)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA

97.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a)
central vacuole
b)
chloroplast
c)
wall made of cellulose
d)
mitochondrion
98.
A protein that will be modified with carbohydrates will pass through 
a)
the lysosome and the rough ER
b)
the rough ER and the Golgi body
c)
the rough ER and smooth ER
d)
the Golgi body and the smooth ER
99.

Long hair-like structure that allows movement of the cell

a)

Pili, Eukaryotic

b)

Flagella, Eukaryotic

c)

Cilia, Prokaryotic

d)

Bacteria, Eukaryotic

e)

Flagella, Prokaryotic

100.
This organelle creates the energy for the cell
a)
mitochondria
b)
cell membrane
c)
ribosome
d)
endoplasmic reticulum
101.
_________ ship and package materials
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
d)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulim
102.
This organelle turns the light energy into a simple sugar. 
a)
Mitochondria
b)
ER
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Nucleus

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