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AP Psych Midterm Review

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A moderate positive correlation has been found between a person's weight and hours of television watched per week. Which of the following scatterplots best shows this relationship?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
2.
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the 
a)
hypothalamus
b)
cerebellum
c)
medulla
d)
pons
3.
What is the function of the hippocampus with in the brain?
a)
The organization of emotional events
b)
To store long term memories and regulate short term memories
c)
to regulate fear and anger
d)
the process of connecting the left and right hemispheres
4.
__________ are retinal receptors that detect black,white, and grey.
a)
cones
b)
rods
c)
optic nerves
d)
foves
5.
Diamond went swimming with friends who did not want to get into the water because it was cold. Diamond jumped in and after a few minutes declared it was cold when she first got in but then her body got used to it.Diamond's body got accustomed to the water due to....
a)
perceptual set
b)
absolute threshold
c)
selective attention
d)
sensory adaptation
6.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.”  Parents are using           
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
7.
Which theory of color vision states that the thalmaus will produce afterimages of black-white, red-green, and blue-yellow colors when overly stimulated?
a)
Young-Helmholtz
b)
Place
c)
Parallel Processing
d)
Opponent Processing
8.
Which of  the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts? 
a)
Behavioral 
b)
Humanistic
c)
Cognitive 
d)
Biological
9.
An individual with an exceptional memory is identified. She is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including questionnaires, brain scans,and memory tests.
a)
Naturalistic Observation
b)
Survey
c)
Interview
d)
Case Study
10.
Your dog didn't demonstrate the trick it learned until a reward was present which motivated it to show the trick
a)
This is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of learning
b)
This demonstrates latent learning
c)
This demonstrates classical conditioning
d)
This exemplifies intrinsic motivation
11.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
12.
Although located far from the eyes the ______ helps with vision. 
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Occipital Lobe
c)
Parietal Lobe
d)
Reticular Formation 
13.
This part of the nervous system produces what is known as the "fight or flight" response 
a)
parasympathetic
b)
sympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
peripheral
14.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
15.
The ______ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
a)
parietal
b)
frontal
c)
temporal
d)
occipital
16.
Humans with damage to the amygdala show decreased:
a)
fear response.
b)
sex drive.
c)
incidence of depression.
d)
allergies to food.
17.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
emotional thought and recognition
d)
pattern recognition
18.
The drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on his nose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is the
a)
amygdala
b)
hypothalamus
c)
corpus callosum
d)
cerebellum
19.
After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in:
a)
controlling voluntary muscles
b)
remembering past events
c)
pronouncing words correctly
d)
understanding what others are saying
20.
The sudden realization of a problem's solution is know as
a)
coping
b)
self-control
c)
latent learning
d)
insight
21.
Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long.  Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful.  After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated.  In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
a)
tuna
b)
nausea
c)
mayo
d)
sight of any sandwich
22.
Which of the following is an example of negative correlation?
a)
People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less
b)
Teenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males.
c)
Students with low IQ scores tend to have lower grades.
d)
Students'' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.
23.
Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on:
a)
narcolepsy
b)
sleep apnea
c)
the circadian rhythm
d)
seasonal affective disorder
24.
Your friend insists that she rarely has dreams.  What is themost likely explanation for this situation?
a)
She probably has dreams every night, but only rarely remembers her dreams
b)
she probably uses barbiturates to help her sleep every night
c)
this is normal; most people never dream
d)
she stays up too late at night and gets up too early in the morning
25.
Your young child wakes up a few nights per month seemingly in a panic.  She sits up in bed screaming and crying.  You rush in to calm her and to see what is happening.  The child usually returns to sleep and doesn't remember this happening at all.  What is the best explanation for this behavior?
a)
She may be exhibiting symptoms of early onset epilepsy
b)
She has excessive anxiety during the day
c)
she has too much  sugar in her diet
d)
She is probably experiencing night terrors, a fairly common event in early childhood
26.
Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
a)
Lens, pupil, cornea, retina
b)
Pupil, cornea, lens, retina
c)
Cornea, retina, pupil, lens
d)
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
27.
The best way to assure that there is no bias in a study is to have a...
a)
Control group
b)
Random assignment
c)
Confounding variable
d)
Double-blind procedure
28.
Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again. 
a)
extinction
b)
generalization
c)
spontaneous recovery
d)
observational learning
29.
When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor’s Chihuahua bit her ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes all other types of dogs. Lindsay’s fear illustrates the process of:
a)
Instinctive drift
b)
Stimulus discrimination
c)
Stimulus generalization
d)
Negative avoidance
30.
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
a)
Receiving a paycheck every two weeks
b)
Holding regular, but unpredictable, fire drills
c)
Earning a prize for every five books read in the library’s summer reading program
d)
Receiving five additional vacation days for each year of employment at a company
31.
Which scan would give us a view of the brain waves occurring during sleep?
a)
EEG
b)
MRI
c)
PET
d)
CAT
32.
A relatively rare condition that involves irresistible attacks of sleepiness, brief periods of REM, and often muscle paralysis is called:
a)
Cataplexy
b)
Benzodiazepines
c)
Sleep Apnea
d)
Narcolepsy
33.
A drug that slows down body functions, especially in the nervous system (example-alcohol, barbiturates) is a(n)...?
a)
Hallucinogens
b)
Mood-altering drugs 
c)
Stimulant 
d)
Depressant
34.
Drugs that heighten alertness, arousal, and decrease appetite, including: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine
a)
Hallucinogens
b)
Depressants
c)
Stimulants
d)
Opiate
35.
Sleep spindles and k-complexes occur during which sleep stage?
a)
stage 1 NREM
b)
stage 2 NREM
c)
stage 3 NREM
d)
REM
36.

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream.

a)

manifest content

b)

withdrawal

c)

latent content

d)

stimulants

37.
A little girl gets to eat dessert because she finished all the food on her plate. This is an example of:  
a)
Positive punishment
b)
Negative punishment
c)
Positive Reinforcement
d)
Negative Reinforcement
38.
Chris has failed English class repeatedly and has now stopped trying because he believes the situation is uncontrollable. This is an example of: 
a)
learned helplessness. 
b)
observational learning. 
c)
learned laziness. 
d)
behavior modification. 
39.
Which of the following sentences best describes the relationship between sensation and perception? 
a)
sensation is happens in the brain; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
b)
sensation involves learning and expectations; perception  does not
c)
sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
d)
Sensation is strictly a mechanical phenomenon; perception is only a cognitive process
40.
Theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- Red, Green, and Blue
a)
Young Helmholtz Trichromatic  Theory
b)
Gate control Theory
c)
Place Theory
d)
Tri Hue Theory
41.
One classic measure of the minimum amount of sound the typical human can detect at least half the time it is present the tick of a watch under quiet conditions at a distance of 20 feet. This is an example of
a)
Assimilation
b)
Absolute Threshold
c)
Gate Control
d)
Just Noticeable Difference 
42.
If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates: 
a)
parallel processing
b)
accommodation
c)
sensory adaption
d)
Weber's Law
43.
Gestalt principle?
a)
Continuation
b)
Proximity
c)
Closure
d)
Figure/Ground
44.

While touring a haunted house, you experience an increased HR, rapid breathing, and sweating. After leaving, you return to normal thanks to your

a)

sympathetic nervous system

b)

parasympathetic nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

somatic nervous system

45.

the act of looking into one's own thoughts and feelings

a)

Positive Psychology

b)

Functionalism

c)

introspection

d)

Pseudoscience

46.

The founder of functionalism: Emphasizes functions and purposes of mind and behavior.

a)

John Watson

b)

Ivan Pavlov

c)

John Locke

d)

William James

47.

The founder of Structuralism: Basic elements or structures of mental processes/human mind

a)

William James

b)

Edward Titchner

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

G. Stanley Hall

48.
Who studied unconscious and conscious behavior?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
John B. Watson
49.
Which type of psychologist would most likely study a subject group from kindergarten to adulthood?
a)
Human-Factors
b)
Clinical
c)
Neuro
d)
Developmental
50.
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?
a)
cognitive
b)
psychodynamic
c)
social-cultural
d)
biological
51.

This humanistic psychologist developed the heirarchy of needs.

a)

B.F. Skinner

b)

Jean Piaget

c)

Abraham Maslow

d)

Sir Francis Galton

52.
This individual built the hierarchy of needs that gave perspective to human behavior dependent upon the environment in which they live.
a)
Abraham Maslow
b)
Sigmund Freud
c)
William James
d)
Mary Poppins
53.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
a)
childhood memories
b)
unconscious thoughts
c)
healthy growth potentional
d)
punishment and reinforcement
54.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
continuous versus non-continuous.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
55.
Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they 
a)
Help people cope with challenges and crisis 
b)
conduct research
c)
are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medicine 
d)
explore how we view and affect one another
56.
approach in psychology in which the psychologist studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determines human behavior
a)
behaviorist
b)
functionalist
c)
structuralist
d)
psychoanalyst
57.
A focus on genetics, chemical imbalances, and brain differences between humans characterizes the
a)
sociocultural approach
b)
humanistic approach
c)
biological approach
d)
behavioral approach
58.
This person introduced the concept of using reinforcement to increase the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. 
a)
Carl Rogers
b)
John Watson
c)
Ivan Pavlov 
d)
B.F. Skinner 
59.
This individual won a nobel prize for his work on the digestive system, but also studied conditioned reflexes in dogs.
a)
B.F. Skinner
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
Peter Parker
60.
Research question: does the distance a person kicks a soccer ball effect how well they will do on their math test.  What is the dependent variable?
a)
How far they kick the soccer ball
b)
who the person is
c)
how well they do on the math test
d)
Type of soccer ball.
61.
When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the fertilizer?
a)
Dependent
b)
Independent
c)
Control
d)
Compound
62.
What would the INDEPENDENT variable be in an experiment testing which types of paper airplane goes furthest?
a)
the paper used
b)
the type of paper airplane
c)
the distance of each plane's flight
d)
how hard the plane is thrown
63.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?
a)
Type of plant
b)
Water, apple juice, milk
c)
Plant growth
d)
Color of the plant's leaves
64.
If plants receive more water, the number of leaves will increase. 
This is an example of 
a)
Testable Question
b)
Hypothesis
c)
Variables
d)
None of the above
65.
The subgroup of the sample that receives the independent variable.
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
66.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
67.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
68.
A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable.  Created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.
a)
operational definition
b)
independent variable
c)
controlled group
69.
Measures the average difference between each score and the mean of the data set.
a)
median
b)
range
c)
standard deviation
70.
The comparison group, the subgroup of the sample that is similar to the experimental group in every way except for the presence of the independent variable. 
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
population
71.
Careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations
a)
case study
b)
survey
c)
naturalistic observation
72.

What part of the brain regulates the sleep/wake cycles.

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

thalamus

c)

pons

d)

cerebrum

73.

What direction foes the electrical signal travel through the neuron?

a)

From dendrites, down the Axon, and out Axon terminals

b)

From Axon terminals, down the Axon, & out of the dendrites

c)

Any direction up or down the cell

d)

From the Axon, to the Dendrites, and out the Axon terminals

74.

What does the neuron's Myelin Sheath do?

a)

Controls the actions of the neuron

b)

Produces food for the neuron

c)

Carries information from the cell body to other neurons

d)

Surrounds, insulates, and makes smooth message transmission in the axon.

75.

What do Dendrites do?

a)

Intakes information from other neurons

b)

Produces fatty tissue for the Myelin Sheath

c)

Sends information to the next cell

d)

Controls the speed of electrical signal through the axon

76.

What do Axon Terminals do?

a)

Intakes information from other neurons

b)

Produces fatty tissue for the Myelin Sheath

c)

Sends information to the next cell

d)

Controls the speed of electrical signal through the axon

77.

If someone is able to understand speech, but has an impaired ability to produce speech, they most likely have an injury in their...?

a)

Basal Ganglia

b)

Wernicke's Area

c)

Broca's Area

d)

Substantia Nigra

78.

What is the brief electrical charge that travels down an axon called?

a)

action potential

b)

resting potential

c)

all or none impulse

d)

myelination response

e)

refractory period

79.

Which is the most influential of the endocrine glands?

a)

pituitary gland

b)

adrenal glands

c)

dendrites

d)

threshold glands

e)

thyroid glands

80.

The peripheral nervous system

a)

connects the brain to the spinal cord

b)

calms the body after an emergency

c)

is limited to the control of voluntary movement

d)

controls only the arms and the legs

e)

is the part of the nervous system that does not include the brain and the spinal cord

81.

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between...

a)

primary and secondary drives

b)

instinctive and derived drives

c)

appetitive and aversive motivation

d)

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

e)

positive and negative reinforcement

82.

A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a

species is called a(n)

a)

homeostatis.

b)

drive.

c)

instinct.

d)

incentive.

83.

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce

a)

a drive.

b)

an instinct.

c)

an incentive.

d)

homeostasis.

84.

Although Bill was seated next to his friend, he was able to smell the burning popcorn a full minute earlier than his friend. Bill must have a lower _________ for smell.

a)

accommodation level

b)

absolute threshold

c)

tolerance level

d)

gustatory saturation level

e)

adaptation level

85.

If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...

a)

priming

b)

signal detection theory

c)

difference threshold

d)

absolute threshold

e)

Weber's law

86.
Minimum difference between any two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time.
a)
Weber's Law
b)
Absolute threshold
c)
Difference threshold
87.
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors and works up into the brain.
a)
top down processing
b)
subliminal processing
c)
bottom up processing
88.
information processing guided by your pre existing knowledge or expectations to construct perceptions.
a)
top down processing
b)
Bottom up processing
c)
parallel processing
89.

The photoreceptors called the ____ allows us to see color and send its message to the ____, then to the ____.

a)

cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

b)

rods, ganglion cells, bipolar cells

c)

retina, horizontal cells, optic cells

90.

What is the function of the thalamus?

a)

sensory relay center for gustation (taste)

b)

relay center between cortex and brain stem

c)

sensory relay center for all senses except smell

d)

relay center between endocrine and nervous system

91.

The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called

a)

synapses.

b)

thresholds.

c)

neural networks.

d)

axons.

92.
During sleep, your brain rests. 
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
93.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

a)

Delta waves

b)

Increased heart rate

c)

Vivid dreams

d)

Paralysis

94.

Lisa has been suffering from severe bouts of depression for the past several years. Her doctor prescribes a drug that would inhibit the reuptake of a specific neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter would be the most likely target of this medication?

a)

GABA

b)

Dopamine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Acetylcholine

95.

The region of your brain that processes SPEECH production is the ____, while the _____ processes language comprehension.

a)

temporal lobe, hippocampus

b)

parietal lobe, frontal lobe

c)

Motor cortex, Somatosensory cortex

d)

Broca's area, Wernicke's area

96.
Melanie is addicted to her cell phone.  She can't sleep at night because she keeps checking all her social media apps and even wakes up in the middle of the night to check it.  What neurotransmitter would be the main reason for Melanie's addiction? 
a)
serotonin 
b)
GABA
c)
dopamine
d)
Glutamate 
97.

The semicircular canals have receptors for _____, while the cochlea has receptors for ___.

a)

accommodation, smell

b)

the vestibular sense, hearing

c)

kinesthesis, balance

d)

hearing, smell

98.

This type of MONOCULAR CUE interprets the convergence of parallel lines to perceive depth and distance.

a)

relative height.

b)

linear perspective.

c)

interposition

d)

closure.

99.
Color blindness and color afterimages are best explained by what theory of color vision? 
a)
trichromatic theory
b)
visible hue theory
c)
opponent-process theory
d)
binocular disparity theory
100.
In a normal curve, about _____% of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. 
a)
50%
b)
68%
c)
95%
d)
99%
101.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
102.
Better recall for information that comes at the beginning and at the end of a list of words.
a)
serial position effect
b)
encoding
c)
recognition
103.

Tendency to judge the likelihood of things according to how they relate to a prototype.

a)

representative heuristic

b)

availability heuristic

c)

confirmation bias

104.

grouping information into meaningful units which increases the capacity of short term memory.

a)

serial position effect

b)

chunking

c)

selective attention

105.

What research method involves data collection about a group over a number of years to assess change?

a)

Longitudinal Study

b)

Case Study

c)

Experiment

d)

Cross-Sectional Study

106.
A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Algorithm
c)
Heuristic
d)
Mental set
107.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to pull a longer stick into his cage. He then used the longer stick to reach a piece of fruit. Researchers hypothesized that Sultan’s discovery of the solution to his problem was the result of:
a)
Trial and error
b)
Heuristics
c)
Insight
d)
Mental set
108.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
109.

Theoretically, random assignment (group placement) should eliminate

a)

sampling error

b)

the need to use statistics

c)

concerns over validity

d)

many confounding variables

e)

the need for a representative sample

110.

Determine whether or not findings can be applied to the larger population from which the sample was selected

a)

Descriptive Statistics

b)

Inferential Statistics

c)

Frequency Distribution

d)

Naturalistic Observation

111.

Psychologists generally prefer the experimental method to other research methods because

a)

experiments are more likely to support psychologists' hypothoses

b)

experiments can show cause-effect relationships

c)

it is easier to obtain a random sample for an experiment

d)

experiments are more likely to result in statistically significant findings

112.

Charlotte and Tamar are lab partners assigned to research who is friendlier, girls or boys. After conversing with their first 10 participants, they find that their friendliness ratings often differ. With which of the following should they be most concerned?

a)

reliability

b)

confounding variables

c)

ethics

d)

validity

e)

assignment

113.

In order to determine the strongest correlation coefficient, which number does it have to be closest to?

a)

-1.0 or +1.0

b)

+1.0

c)

-1.0

d)

0

114.
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
a)
placebo
b)
control
c)
dependent variable
d)
independent variable
115.

If you choose a sample of the population that gives each person an equal chance of participating, this would be:

a)

A biased sample

b)

A random sample

c)

An optimal sample

d)

An atypical sample

116.

In an experiment, researchers manipulate one or more _______________ and then determine whether this manipulation had an effect on the _______________.

a)

independent variables; dependent variable

b)

dependent variables; independent variable

c)

correlations; association

d)

personality characteristics; outcome

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12th Grade - University