Font size
WorksheetsHonors Oceanography Unit 7 Test Review #2
Total questions: 125
Worksheet time: 42mins
What does coastline mean?
Where the land meets the sea
Where the land meets the sea, it is a forever changing line
Where there is a beach
Where the sea is
What does backwash mean (in geography terms of course)?
The water that moves up the beach at an angle
The water that flows straight back down the beach
When someone has some of your drink but the water from their mouth ends up back in the bottle
The wearing away of rock
This is a picture of a...
Spit
Bar
Tombolo
Longshore Drift
Why are sea walls built along our coast?
so our ships have a safe passage along our coastline
to provide a safe swimming area for people visiting the coastline
to reduce erosion
to reduce deposition
What does the term swash mean?
When waves rush back off the beach
When waves hit hard areas of rock
When waves rush up the beach
When waves make the beach disappear
Which process involves the wearing away of the coastline by powerful waves?
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
What name is given to this feature?
Cave
Arch
Stack
Stump
Which of these are depositional features?
Spits
Bars
Stacks
Caves
What is deposition?
When waves lose energy and drop sediment along the coast.
The wearing away of land by water or wind.
The movement of sediment along the beach.
The distance that the wind has traveled over water.
Which is the correct order?
Stack, stump, cave, arch
cave, arch, stump, stack
cave, stack, arch, stump
cave, arch, stack, stump
What is longshore drift?
When waves lose energy and drop sediment along the coast.
The wearing away of land by water or wind.
The movement of sediment along the beach.
The distance that the wind has traveled over water.
How do groynes prevent erosion?
They deflect the energy of the waves
They provide platforms for fishing
They trap sediment and build up the beach
They increase long shore drift
Which are landforms created by erosion?
Spits
Wave-cut platforms
Beaches
Caves
Wave energy converges (comes together)....
in sheltered bays and beaches
on headlands and cliffs
on islands
out to sea away from from coastlines
Select the landforms that have been created by erosion.
Headlands
Beaches
Spits
Wave cut platform
Caves, arches, stacks and stumps
How do you call the exposed coasts where the rocks are sticking out into the sea?
Bays
Coasts
Headlands
Stacks
Identify this landform
Ria
Fjord
Rio
Fiyord
Deposition occurs when
Wave energy is high
Wave energy is low
All of the above
None of the above
What is a fringing reef ?
A volcanic island
A living reef structure
Something that forms around an island in tropical areas
A single continent made up of corals
Backwash carries particles ___________________
On shore
Offshore
Which if the following are ALL sediment stores?
Beach
Sand dunes
Mudflats
Beach
Sand dunes
Longshore Drift
Rivers
Rip currents
Cliffs
The most influential force that shapes the shoreline is
wave action
human activity
wind
currents
A steep narrow beach most likely indicates
high energy waves are common
low energy waves are common
a depositional coast
a typical east coast beach
Oceanographers classify coasts as
fun or lame
water temperature
the physical processes at work (deposition or erosion)
republican or democrat
Coral reefs are mainly found between ____ degrees north and _____ degrees south of the equator.
75
30
60
90
The BEST depth for coral reefs to grow is...
10m
500m
50m
20m
A(n) _______________ is found on the leading edge of the continent where subduction occurs.
Active continental margin
Passive continental margin
Deep ocean trench
Deep ocean basin
Seamount
Identify letter "B"
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental Rise
Continental break
Turbidity current
Identify letter "A"
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental Rise
Continental break
Turbidity current
Identify letter "C"
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental Rise
Continental break
Turbidity current
Identify letter "D"
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental Rise
Continental break
Turbidity current
A coastal region that is characterized by mountain-building activity including earthquakes, volcanic activity, and tectonic motion resulting from movement of tectonic plates.
Active continental margin
Passive continental margin
Deep ocean trench
Deep ocean basin
Seamount
An underwater current flowing swiftly downslope due to the weight of sediment it carries.
Active continental margin
Passive continental margin
Deep ocean trench
Deep ocean basin
Turbidity currents
Identify #1
Turbidity current
Deep sea fan
Submarine Canyon
Deep ocean trench
Seamount
Identify the red areas on the map:
Active continental margins
Passive continental margin
Mid-Ocean ridge
Deep ocean basin
Deep ocean trench
Identify the blue areas on the map:
Active continental margins
Passive continental margin
Mid-Ocean ridge
Deep ocean basin
Deep ocean trench
In the early 1900’s scientists started using this to get a more accurate map of the ocean floor.
A long pole to feel the bottom
A submarine
Sonar
Scuba
The accumulation of sediments at the base of the continental slope is called the
trench
turbidity current
continental margin
continental rise
How did the Challenger expedition measure the depth of the oceans in the late 1800's?
SONAR technology
a deep sea diver
a weighted line
Which technological advance can map the ocean floor from space?
SONAR
Satellite
Submersible
underwater digital imagery
In which ocean do continental margins experience volcanic activity and earthquakes?
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Submerged volcanic peaks are called ______.
seamounts
guyots
abyssal plains
trenches
What is a flat-topped seamount?
Continental margin
Guyots
Abyssal Plain
Fringing reef
When a seamount completely subducts, leaving ‘halo’ of coral reef growth
Atoll
Barrier Reef
Abyssal Plain
Fringe Reef
A volcanic mountain that rises above the surface of the water is called ____________
trench
island
mid-ocean ridge
seamount
What is the difference between a volcanic island & a seamount?
A volcanic island rises above the surface of the water & a seamount does not
A seamount rises above the surface of the water & a volcanic island does not
Both the seamount & volcanic island are underwater
Both the seamount & the volcanic island rise above the water
Submarine volcanoes that rise at least 1000 meters above the ocean floor. They are most commonly found in the Pacific ocean.
Deep ocean basin
Abyssal plain
Mid ocean ridge
Seamounts
Passive continental margin
Flat-topped seamounts. The are flat due to the processes of weathering and erosion.
Deep ocean basin
Abyssal plain
Mid ocean ridge
Guyots
Passive continental margin
Identify #1 and #11
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Seamount
Rift Valley
Identify #2 and #10
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Seamount
Rift Valley
Identify #3 and #9
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Seamount
Rift Valley
Identify #4 and #8
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Seamount
Rift Valley
Identify #5 and #7
Continental shelf
Abyssal plain
Continental rise
Seamount
Rift Valley
What is the shallow parts of the ocean floor that consists of continental crust and thick sediments?
Continental margins
Deep open basins
Trenches
Abyssal plains
Deep V-shaped valley in the continental slop; form near rivers
Abyssal plains
Continental slope
Continental rise
Submarine canyon
Volcanic island that cools and shrinks beneath the ocean
Trenches
Guyot
Seamount
Atoll
Although 99% of the ocean floor is unexplored, have people reached essentially the deepest spot in the ocean and returned safely to the surface?
Yes, and just recently (in 1997).
Yes, but it was some while ago, in the 1960s.
No, and such a trip is not considered possible.
No, not yet, though a trip is now being planned.
Submarine canyons occur:
On the edges of trenches.
At the part of an ocean basin nearest the equator.
Near the edges of ocean basins associated with continental shelves and slopes.
At the center of an ocean basin, at the edges of the mid-ocean ridge.
The continental shelf
is a narrow strip on the East Coast of the United States.
is a steeply dipping zone dropping off to the deep seafloor.
is a featureless plain unlike the neighboring continent.
is a gently sloping platform with a variable landscape.
Which of the following statements accurately describes continental margins?
They are regions of great geological stability.
They are usually different in topography from the adjoining coast.
They are areas of frequent earthquakes and volcanoes, where crustal plates are converging or are in collision.
They are areas where crustal plates are actively moving apart.
The transition between the shelf and the deep seafloor is
the submarine canyon.
the continental slope and rise.
the abyssal plain.
the mid-ocean ridge.
Submarine canyons are
cut into the shelf and may extend almost to the shore.
steep-walled and narrow.
cut into firm rock.
all of these.
The origin of deltas is related to:
glacial deposition and the formation of moraines.
river deposition of sediments eroded from continents.
glacial erosion and the formation of troughs and fjords.
volcanic activity in coastal regions.
The great heaps of unconsolidated sediment at the base of the continental slope are known as:
the continental rise.
the abyssal hills.
the mid-ocean ridge.
the mid-ocean mountains.
The origin of submarine canyons is not well understood, but most likely
is erosional, started by streams during periods of sea level lowering.
is tectonic, and represents down-folds of rock within the continental shelf.
is organic, resulting from the activities of burrowing organisms.
is glacial, the work of glaciers depositing rock debris on the shelf.
Active continental margins are located
along the east coast of the United States.
along the east coast of South America.
on the west coasts of both North and South America.
all around Africa.
The landscape of the seafloor would best be described as
a featureless plain.
a smooth descent with the deepest portions farthest from land.
similar in rock type, sediment thickness, and erosional processes to those found on the land.
containing ridges, trenches, seamounts, and other features different from those found on land.
The mid-ocean mountains, such as the ridges and rises,
are similar in origin to the Alps, the Rockies, and the Appalachians.
are composed of folded and faulted marine sedimentary rocks.
are constructed of volcanic basalt.
are similar in size and features to most continental mountains.
The islands bordering the deep-sea trenches
result from a series of quiet, continuous basaltic eruptions.
are accumulations of sediments on the margins of the trenches.
are formed from the activities of coral and other organisms.
are explosive volcanoes that emit andesite lavas.
The deepest parts of the Pacific Basin are located:
in the center, surrounding the island of Hawaii.
in the eastern part of the basin, off North America.
in the rift valley of the East Pacific Rise.
near the margins of South America, Japan, and the Marianas Islands.
Hydrothermal springs seem to be located near:
passive continental margins.
active areas of seafloor spreading.
the edges of the deep sea trenches.
the margins of the Hawaiian chain.
In general, continental shelves tend to be wider in the
Pacific ocean, because its margins tend to be active.
Atlantic ocean, because its margins tend to be active.
Pacific ocean, because its margins tend to be passive
Atlantic ocean, because its margins tend to be passive.
Which is greater, the average height of the continents or the average depth of the ocean?
the average height of the continents.
the average depth of the ocean.
Which is greater, the height of the world's tallest mountain or the depth of the world's greatest trench?
the height of the mountain (Mt. Everest).
the depth of the trench (Challenger Deep).
The present shorelines of the world are considered to be
geologically stable zones separating land and sea.
features of great geological antiquity.
a dynamic environment affected by both long-term and short-term cycles.
that part of the marine environment most resistant to change.
The single most influential agent changing the shore and coast is
wave action.
the tidal range.
alternate freezing and thawing of coastal cliffs.
prevailing winds.
Eustatic changes are variations in sea level that can be measured all over the world ocean.
true
false
The origin of sea cliffs, sea stacks, sea caves, blowholes, and arches is related to
longshore currents.
high tides.
human activities.
erosion by waves.
The highest point on a summer beach profile is:
the berm.
the backshore.
the foreshore.
the shore face.
The large waves of late summer modify the shape of sandy beaches. Huge "bites" of beach are removed from the exposed beach and end up in offshore sand bars. These "bites" are most evident in the form of a very large and high
berm.
shore face, or beach scarp.
foreshore.
cusp.
The downcoast transport mechanism for beach sand along much of the Pacific coast is called:
the longshore current, a current that moves sand north-to-south along the coast, parallel to shore, at a great distance away from land.
the longshore current, a current that moves sand south-to-north along the coast, parallel to shore, at a great distance away from land.
the longshore current, a current that moves sand north-to-south along the coast, parallel to shore, close to shore.
the longshore current, a current that moves sand south-to-north along the coast, parallel to shore, close to shore.
Steep, narrow, rocky beaches are usually found in areas of
summer beach conditions.
wave deposition.
high wave energy.
small inlets and bays.
The energy that drives the longshore currents is derived from
hurricanes and cyclones.
major surface currents, such as the Gulf Stream.
monthly high tides.
wind waves approaching the beach front at an angle.
A summer beach is characteristically
a rocky platform.
steep and narrow.
covered with boulders and cobbles.
broad and covered with sand.
A long-term effect of wave refraction is
to straighten a coast.
to build out points of land.
to erode and deepen bays.
to remove sand from the beach.
Oceanographers usually classify coasts by
the type of sand found on the beach.
the physical processes shaping the coasts.
the direction the coast faces.
the latitude in which the coast resides.
Most of the minerals found in the sand of continental beaches are supplied by
erosion of local coastal cliffs.
currents from the deep ocean floor.
glacial processes.
rivers and streams.
A problem facing many beaches along the U. S. east and west coasts is
excess sand being deposited around seaside installations.
the rapid growth of deltas at the mouths of rivers.
the development of barrier beaches across harbors.
the loss of sand and the erosion of beaches.
Human activities that have contributed to shoreline erosion include
building of dams across the rivers carrying sediment to the shore.
construction of jetties along the beach that slow the longshore current system.
placement of seawalls along the shoreline.
all of these.
If a beach is wide, gently sloping with fine sands, we would expect to see
very heavy breakers.
wave erosion as the dominant process.
generally small waves winter and summer.
high-energy waves all year around.
The steep cliffs and rugged coast of much of the West Coast of the United States are primarily the result of
biological activity.
marine deposition.
faulting and Earth movement.
glacial erosion.
You have arrived at a coast rough with sea stacks, cliffs, and small pocket beaches. Your friend asks you to classify it. You correctly answer that it is a
primary coast.
secondary coast.
eustatic coast.
remnant coast.
You and the friend later travel to a broad beach, wide enough to drive on. Again, your friend asks you to classify it. You correctly answer that it is a
primary coast.
secondary coast.
eustatic coast.
remnant coast.
If a river delta is to grow in size, _________ must exceed __________ .
erosion ... deposition.
deposition ... erosion.
primary process ... secondary processes.
eustatic processes ... tectonic processes.
Wave-dominated deltas are usually smaller than river-dominated deltas.
true
false
Coasts on which terrestrial influences dominate are classified as
primary coast.
secondary coast.
eustatic coast.
remnant coast.
Coasts on which marine influences dominate are classified as
primary coast.
secondary coast.
eustatic coast.
remnant coast.
Enclosed lagoon, no land protruding.
Atoll.
Barrier reef.
Fringing reef.
None of these.
Close to shore, not separated from land.
Atoll.
Barrier reef.
Fringing reef.
None of these.
Separated from land by a lagoon.
Atoll.
Barrier reef.
Fringing reef.
None of these.
Most reef building corals deposit a skeleton of:
silica ("glass").
protein.
calcium carbonate (limestone)
a granite-like substance derived from sima.
Use the image to identify letter A of barrier islands:
Beach
Dune
Forest
Meadow
Marsh
Use the image to identify letter B of barrier islands:
Beach
Dune
Forest
Meadow
Marsh
Use the image to identify letter C of barrier islands:
Beach
Dune
Forest
Meadow
Marsh
Use the image to identify letter D of barrier islands:
Beach
Dune
Forest
Meadow
Marsh
Use the image to identify letter E of barrier islands:
Beach
Dune
Forest
Meadow
Marsh
