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Mechanisms of Genetics

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 3hrs 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

a)

The siblings of the organism

b)

The offspring of the organism

c)

The other organisms living nearby

d)

The mating partner of the organism

2.

What is the purpose of this process?

a)

To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

b)

To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

c)

To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

d)

To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

3.

What characteristic is shared by all four cells?

a)

A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy

b)

Self-locomotion

c)

Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

d)

Genetic material composed of DNA

4.

Which DNA strand is complementary to the one shown above?

a)
b)
c)
d)
5.

The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecules is produced.

a)

New DNA

b)

Polypeptide

c)

Messenger RNA

d)

Carbohydrate

6.

What causes this change in fur color?

a)

The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.

b)

Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.

c)

The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.

d)

Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.

7.

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2

a)

Process: transcription; product: mRNA

b)

Process: translation; product: protein

c)

Process: replication; product: tRNA

d)

Process: recombination; product: polymerase

8.

The chart shows a dihybrid cross between pea plants. What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross?

a)

RRyy and rrYY

b)

RrYy and RrYy

c)

RRYY and rryy

d)

RrYY and Rryy

9.

In guinea pigs, the allele for a rough coat (R) is dominant over the allele for a smooth coat (r). A guinea pig with a rough coat is mated with a guinea pig with a smooth coat. Of the three offspring, 1 has a smooth coat. What is the probability that their next offspring will have a smooth coat?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

10.

The genotypes of four offspring are shown in the table. If one parent’s genotype is xx, what is the genotype of the second parent?

a)

xx

b)

XX

c)

Xx

d)

xX

11.

Which of the following best describes the process that diagram 2 represents?

a)

cell division that occurs in reproductive structures of an organism

b)

process prior to the first stage of cell division

c)

occurs in all cells of the body system

d)

cell division that occurs in the repair process of damaged skin cells

12.

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown below.

3’ TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5’

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand

a)

Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

b)

Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Phenylalanine

c)

Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

d)

Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine

13.

In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture. What is the probability of cloven hooves in the offspring of parents that are heterozygous for the trait?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

14.

Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

a)

The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.

b)

The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

c)

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

d)

The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand.

15.

In a Punnet Square, which letter is used to represent the recessive allele?

a)

Capital letter

b)

Lower-case letter

16.

If the 2 alleles of a trait are the same, the individual is ______.

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

17.

If the 2 alleles of a trait are different, the individual is ______.

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

18.

In pea plants, tall is dominant over short. If a pea plant's genotype is Tt, what is it's phenotype?

a)

tall

b)

short

c)

medium

d)

tiny

19.

Complete this Punnet Square : Tt x tt (T=tall; t=short). What is the percentage of tall plant offspring?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

20.

Complete this Punnet Square: RR x Rr (R=round seeds; r=wrinkled seeds). What is the percentage of wrinkled seed plant offspring?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

21.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
22.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

23.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

24.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
25.

What is the building block of the biomolecule, Nucleic Acid?

a)
b)
c)
d)
26.
Translation takes place in the 
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
27.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
28.

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

a)

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

b)

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base

c)

phosphate, sulfate, and nitrate

d)

adenine, thymine, and uracil

29.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

no change

30.

A model of a DNA molecule is shown below.

The arrow indicates —

a)

the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules

b)

the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA

c)

the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides

d)

the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet

31.

A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

a)

The siblings of the organism

b)

the offspring of the organism

c)

The other organisms living nearby

d)

The mating partner of the organism

32.

Using the codon chart, which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5’ AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC 3'

a)

Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser, Met

b)

Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg, Ser

c)

Met, Val, lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

d)

Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Ser

33.
A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
a)
As a sequence of nucleotides
b)
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
c)
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
d)
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars
34.
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
35.
At birth Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 35°C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?
a)
Poor blood circulation
b)
Infection caused by cold temperatures
c)
Gene expression that is regulated by temperature
d)
A trait that is both sex-linked and hormone-dependent
36.
What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
a)
CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
b)
GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
c)
CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
d)
CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG
37.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....
a)
is double stranded 
b)
contains the base Thymine
c)
contains the base Uracil 
d)
contained the base Guanine
38.
Amino acids are joined together in order to form
a)
DNA
b)
ribosomes
c)
proteins 
d)
RNA
39.
Transcribe the following piece of DNA:
ATCGTA
a)
UAGCAU
b)
TAGCAT
c)
ATCGTA
d)
AUCGUA
40.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
41.
What has DNA?
a)
animals
b)
plants
c)
bacteria
d)
all of the above
42.
The process of making RNA (i.e. mRNA) from DNA is called
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Protein synthesis
43.
Which  represents the bases of mRNA?
a)
A U C G
b)
A T U G
c)
A T C G
d)
U T C G
44.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
45.
In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the
a)
cytoplasm
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
ribosome
46.
How many bases are in one codon?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
47.
Which phase of which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Cloning
48.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
49.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
50.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
51.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
52.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
53.

Meiosis starts with one cell and ends with...

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

54.

The striped gray shape represents...

a)

sugar

b)

nitrogen base

c)

phosphate

d)

nucleotide

55.

Together a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base make a...

a)

chromosome

b)

gene

c)

base pair

d)

nucleotide

56.

Mutations that effect gametes and that will be passed on

to the next generation

a)

Genetic change

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Apoptosis

d)

Cell membrane

57.

What is the order for Protein Synthesis?

a)

Transcription -> Translation -> Protein

b)

Translation - > Transcription -> Protein

c)

Protein -> Transcription -> Translation

d)

Translation -> Protein -> Transcription

58.
The codon CCU codes for what amino acid?
a)
Isoleucine
b)
Stop
c)
Methionine
d)
Proline
59.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
60.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
61.

A parent that has a mutation to their skin cells can pass this mutation to their offspring

a)

True

b)

False

62.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

which can affect a single gene or group of genes

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Somatic Cell

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Gene Mutation

63.

What is a type of Mutation?

a)

Deletions

b)

Insertions

c)

Substitutions

d)

All of the Above

64.

How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?

a)

DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and fucntions of an organism

b)

DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism

c)

DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow

d)

DNA fold into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism

65.

Students are given data from an investigation that identified some of the chemicals present in four different samples as seen in the image. Which sample was most likely DNA?

a)

Sample 1

b)

Sample 2

c)

Sample 3

d)

Sample 4

66.

Four types of cells are shown. Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?

a)

A mechanisms for transforming sunlight into energy

b)

Self-Locomotion

c)

Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

d)

Genetic Material composed of DNA

67.

A model of DNA is shown. The arrow indicates-

a)

the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribse molecules

b)

the junction of introns and exons

c)

the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides

d)

the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet

68.

Which process and product are represented in the diagram below?

a)

Process transcription; product DNA

b)

Process translation; product tRNA

c)

Process transcription; product mRNA

d)

Process translation; product mRNA

69.

Which process and product are represented in the diagram?

a)

process translation; product mRNA

b)

Process transcription; product protein

c)

Process transcription; product mRNA

d)

Process translation; product protein

70.

When gene expression occurs

a)

A gene is mutated with either an insertion or deletion

b)

The gene is removed from the genotype in that cell

c)

The gene is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis

d)

The gene is activated and used in protein synthesis

71.

Where are proteins made?

a)

muscles

b)

nucleus

c)

outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm

72.

Where is DNA and RNA made?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

ER

73.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
74.
What does protein synthesis DO?
a)
makes genes
b)
makes proteins
c)
makes new cells
d)
deletes cells
75.
What are somatic cells?
a)
body cells
b)
sex cells
76.
What are gametes?
a)
sex cells
b)
body cells
c)
human cells
d)
plant cells
77.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
a)
to grow, replace, and repair cells
b)
to create sex cells
c)
to create 2 different cells
d)
to create haploids
78.
What is the advantages of reproducing sexually instead of asexually?
a)
easy to find a partner
b)
to create identical cells
c)
to create genetic diversity
d)
there are no advantages
79.
Mitosis forms 
a)
4 identical daughter cells
b)
2 identical daughter cells
c)
4 different daughter cells
d)
2 different daughter cells
80.
Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled below.
What is the purpose of this cellular process?
a)
Preserving genetic information for future generations
b)
Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template
c)
Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell
d)
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

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