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WorksheetsRevision G9 Part 2
Total questions: 114
Worksheet time: 3hrs 50mins
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together their best characteristics is called
domestication.
hybridization.
inbreeding.
polyploidy.
Crossing individuals with similar characteristics so that those characteristics will appear in their offspring is called
inbreeding.
recombination.
hybridization
polyploidy.
Taking advantage of naturally occurring variations in organisms to pass wanted traits on to future generations is called
selective breeding.
hybridization.
inbreeding
mutation.
How do breeders produce genetic variations that are not found in nature?
What is polyploidy? When is this condition useful?
Suppose a plant breeder has a thorn-less rose bush with scentless pink flowers, a thorny rose bush with sweet-smelling yellow flowers, and a thorny rose bush with scentless purple flowers. How might this breeder develop a pure variety of thorn-less, sweet-smelling purple roses?
Hybridization and inbreeding are important methods used in selective breeding. How are the methods similar? How are they different?
Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are called
transgenic.
donors
mutagenic
clones.
What process is shown below?
cloning
transformation
hybridization
polymerase chain reaction
When cell transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA
undergoes mutation.
is treated with antibiotics.
becomes part of the transformed cell’s genome
becomes a nucleus.
Bacteria often contain small circular molecules of DNA known as
clones.
plasmids
chromosomes
hybrids.
A member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell is a
clone.
mutant
plasmid.
sequence.
Describe what happens during a polymerase chain reaction
Explain what genetic markers are and describe how scientists use them.
How does a transgenic plant differ from a hybrid plant?
Describe one or more advantages of producing insulin and other proteins through genetic engineering.
Bacteria and human beings are very different organisms. Why is it sometimes possible to combine their DNA and use a bacterium to make a human protein?
Which of the following characteristics is often genetically engineered into crop plants?
improved flavor
resistance to herbicides
shorter ripening times
thicker stems
A substance that has been genetically engineered into transgenic rice has the potential to treat
cancer.
high blood pressure.
vitamin A deficiency.
malaria.
Describe how a DNA microarray might be used to distinguish normal cells from cancer cells.
Describe two important uses for DNA fi ngerprinting.
If a human patient’s bone marrow was removed, altered genetically, and re-implanted, would the change be passed on to the patient’s children? Explain your answer
The right to profit from a new genetic technology is protected by
getting a copyright for the method.
discovering a new gene.
obtaining a patent.
publishing its description in a journal.
Which of the following is most likely to be used in a court case to determine who the father of a particular child is?
microarray analysis
gene therapy
DNA fingerprinting
genetic engineering
Give an example of a disadvantage associated with patenting genes.
What is one argument used by critics of genetically modified foods?
List three ways in which genetically engineered organisms might be used in the future.
Your friend suggests that genetic engineering makes it possible for biologists to produce an organism with any combination of characteristics—an animal with the body of a frog and the wings of a bat, for example. Do you think this is a reasonable statement? Explain your answer.
Bob was found dead in his home. Crime scene analysis showed signs of a struggle. Blood was collected from the crime scene, the victim, and three suspects. Which suspect likely committed the crime?
Sue
Lisa
John
None of thesev
Polyploidy may instantly produce new types of organisms that are larger and stronger than their diploid relatives in
animals.
bacteria.
plants.
fungi.
Which of the following characteristics does NOT
apply to a plasmid?
made of DNA
found in bacterial cells
has circular loops
found in animal cells
To separate DNA fragments from one another,
scientists use
polymerase chain reaction.
DNA microarrays.
gel electrophoresis
restriction enzymes.
Complete the following concept map.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules
into individual nucleotides.
at random locations.
at short specific sequences
to each type of
enzyme.
The expression of thousands of genes at one time
can be followed using
DNA microarrays.
plasmid transformation.
polymerase chain reaction.
restriction enzymes.
Genetically engineered crop plants can benefit
farmers by
reducing the amount of land that is required to
grow them.
introducing chemicals into the environment.
increasing an animal’s resistance to antibiotics.
changing the genomes of other crop plants.
Genetic markers allow scientists to
clone animals.
separate strands of DNA.
synthesize antibiotics.
identify transformed cells.
The graph below shows the number of accurate copies
of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction.
What can you conclude about cycles 18 through 26?
PCR produced accurate copies of template
DNA at an exponential rate.
The amount of DNA produced by PCR doubled
with each cycle.
The DNA copies produced by PCR were not
accurate copies of the original DNA template.
The rate at which PCR produced accurate
copies of template DNA fell in later cycles.
Based on the graph, which of the following might
have happened between cycles 26 and 28?
PCR stopped producing accurate copies of the
template.
The rate of reaction increased.
All of the template DNA was used up.
A mutation occurred.
Why are bacteria able to make human proteins when
a human gene is inserted in them with a plasmid?
Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn?
Teosinte plants with the desired traits were hybridized until the desired traits appeared,
then the offspring were inbred.
Teosinte plants were randomly bred until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring
were hybridized.
Teosinte plants were hybridized with corn plants, and the resulting hybrids with the
desired traits were inbred.
Teosinte plants with similar characteristics were inbred until the desired traits were
produced.
Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs
change the number of chromosomes found in cells.
change eukaryotic plants into prokaryotic plants.
frequently cause mutations, which create new alleles and genes.
insert foreign DNA into plant chromosomes.
Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?
They will die.
They will undergo PCR.
They will live.
They will become polyploid.
During transformation,
the chromosome of a bacterium is mutated.
a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.
a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell
foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?
because they naturally contain much foreign DNA
because they cannot be cut with restriction enzymes
because they naturally contain much foreign DNA
because they can be used to transform bacteria
Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria?
Yeasts are prokaryotes.
Yeasts are hybrids
Yeasts are eukaryotes
Yeasts are inbred.
Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms?
a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that make human insulin
a Bt corn plant and a polyploid banana tree
a hybridized peach tree and a polyploid banana tree
bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant
Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning. Which of the following is a difference between Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction?
The source of Dolly’s DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual.
The DNA molecules in each of Dolly’s cells are identical.
Dolly has a mix of genes from her foster mother and the sheep that donated a nucleus of one of its cells.
Dolly is genetically identical to her offspring.
GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would
produce more food for the same acreage.
produce less food for the same acreage.
produce more food but would use more land.
produce less food and require more land.
The procedure illustrated in Figure
is an example of
genetic testing.
DNA finger printing.
gene therapy.
cloning.
Gene therapy is successful if the
viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s cells.
replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells.
replacement gene is expressed in the person’s cells.
replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA.
Which of the following correctly describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be used to establish familial relationships?
The Y chromosome is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and mitochondrial
DNA is used to look for links to his father.
Plasmid DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and the Y chromosome
is used to look for links to her father.
Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y
chromosome is used to look for links to his father.
Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and plasmid DNA
is used to look for links to her father.
Which of the following is true of patents in biotechnology?
Scientists are only allowed to patent genes; they cannot patent techniques they use in the
lab.
A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain
research.
Human genes cannot be patented because they belong to everyone.
Genetically modified foods cannot be patented.
Which of the following findings, if true, would support an argument IN FAVOR of GM
foods?
Farmers using herbicide-resistant crops pollute groundwater more than farmers growing
non-GM crops.
The cost of using GM crops is prohibitively expensive for 75 percent of all farmers.
Farmers who grow GM crops have much higher yields than farmers growing unmodified
crops.
The populations of bees on farms growing insect-resistant crops are half as large as bee
populations on other farms.
Which statement below might be used by someone who is arguing against the use of GM crops?
GM crops reduce the amount of land and energy that need to be devoted to agriculture
because they have high yields.
GM crops need more insecticide to be used than other crops because they grow faster.
The patents for the seeds of GM crops are held by big companies, which may raise prices
and force small farmers out of business.
No studies have shown that GM crops are dangerous to human health.
How would making crops resistant to herbicides assist farmers?
_____________is the technique of selective breeding that maintains desirable
characteristics in a line of organisms, but increases the risk of genetic defects in certain animal
breeds.
To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of _______________
hybridization
inbreeding
Bananas planted as crops are ______________ plants which have 2 or 3 times the normal diploid number of chromosomes.
___________________are proteins that cut DNA at
specific sequences, as illustrated in Figure
The human growth hormone produced by___________
bacteria is identical to the human growth hormone
produced by humans because both are coded by the same DNA sequence.
Explain what a DNA probe is and how it could be used to identify a person who carries an allele for a genetic disorder.
Why are viruses used in gene therapy?
What do the bands shown in B consist of?
Which group of bands in Figure moved faster, C or D? Why?
What is occurring in A in Figure?
Why are the bands shown in B moving toward the positive end of the gel?
Were any of the three DNA samples from the same person? Explain your answer.
What step must be done before step A?
Suppose you are a scientist trying to help people who cannot produce an enzyme needed for proper digestion. How could you use genetic engineering techniques to make transformed bacteria that produce the enzyme?
What are three general ways that scientists can use recombinant DNA technology to help improve human health?
How does DNA fingerprinting help preserve endangered species, such as elephants?
How might cloning be useful to animal breeders?
What is one potentially controversial use of genetic engineering in people, and what can be done to help manage this issue?
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a mutant.
polyploid
hybrid.
recombinant DNA
Which of the following would require the use of recombinant DNA?
Crossing two apple trees to create better apples.
Breeding a donkey and a horse to make a mule
Creating a polyploid banana tree
Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin
A plant cell is successfully transformed if
a plasmid enters the cell and the cell breaks down the plasmid.
the cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes.
the cell reproduces normal offspring, which also produce offspring.
a plasmid is unable to enter the cell.
What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
increasing the food supply
using more pesticides
producing clones
studying human genes
Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn?
Farmers can increase the use of herbicides.
Farmers can decrease their use of herbicides
Farmers can increase their use of insecticides
Farmers can decrease their use of insecticides.
The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that
the most important genes are different among most people
no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA
most genes used for identification are dominant.
DNA fingerprints from different people can look very similar.
Which of the following is true of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act?
It protects Americans against being treated differently by employers or insurance companies based on their genetic information.
It prevents scientists from patenting the genes they discover if those genes were found in other people.
It allows parents the legal right to choose specific genes for their children if the technology becomes available.
It makes it legal for companies that produce genetically modified crops to keep their genetic technologies a secret.
One reason farmers often choose GM crops over non-GM crops because GM crops are
less controversial
much safer
less expensive.
more productive
Which statement below might be used by someone who is arguing against the use of GM crops?
GM crops reduce the amount of land and energy that need to be devoted to agriculture because they have high yields.
GM crops need more insecticide to be used than other crops because they grow faster.
The patents for the seeds of GM crops are held by big companies, which may raise prices and force small farmers out of business.
No studies have shown that GM crops are dangerous to human health.
What are structures C and D in Figure , and what is their significance?
Briefly explain what plasmids are and how they can be used to create transgenic organisms
In the process shown in Figure, which sheep is the source of the nucleus in the fused cell?
In Figure, why was the nucleus removed from the egg cell?
Which animal in Figure is a clone?
In the cloning shown in Figure, which sheep provided an egg cell?
Which two animals in Figure are genetically identical?
Lionel breeds dogs. He only wants dogs with short, brown fur. Which of the following dogs should Lionel not use for breeding?
a dog with long, brown fur
a dog with short, brown fur
a dog with long, white fur
a dog with short, white fur
Which statement is true about DNA fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting can treat genetic diseases.
DNA fingerprinting can be used to help criminals.
DNA fingerprinting can make plants more resistant to disease.
DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify family relationships.
What is one reason to allow cloned animals into the food supply?
We do not know if cloned animals are safe to eat.
It is too expensive to clone animals.
Cloning will allow breeders to duplicate desirable traits.
Cloning will require more time for food to be tested.
Plasmids are found in which type of cells?
bacteria cells
cat cells
human cells
plant cells
Forensic scientists can study DNA from
blood samples.
sperm.
tissue.
all of the above.
Which of the following is not an example of a genetically engineered organism?
moss that grows in the wild
bacterium that produces human growth hormone
Dolly the sheep
golden rice
Which of the following is not a type of selective breeding?
inbreeding
adding mutations
Southern blotting
hybridization
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a mutant
recombinant DNA
a hybrid
replicated DNA
Choose terms related to recombinant DNA from the box below to complete the concept map.
The process of changing a gene to treat a medical
disease or disorder
cloning
Gene therapy
recombinant DNA
Hybridization
Which of the following involves ethics?
Passing a law to allow more crops to be grown per acre in a given area.
Passing a law to allow doctors to euthanize humans who are terminally ill.
Passing a law to increase fines for people texting while driving.
Passing a law to decrease speed limits in an area of frequent accidents.
In cloning, what is the purpose of the foster mother?
Donate her DNA
Donate her egg cell
Incubate and carry the baby until birth
None of the above
Polyploidy
n
2n
3n
4n
In the microarray, what does the RED color indicate?
these genes are not expressed or turned off
these genes are expressed or turned on in cancer
these genes are expressed in healthy cells
there are no genes in this cell
What does the GREEN color indicate in DNA microarray?
these genes are expressed in cancer
these genes are not expressed in cancer
these genes are not expressed in healthy cells
there are no genes in these cells
What does the YELLOW color indicate in DNA microarray?
this gene is expressed in cancer cells only
this gene is expressed in healthy cells only
there are no genes in the cell
this gene is expressed in both cancer and healthy cells
What does BLACK indicate in dna microarray?
gene expression in cancer cells
no gene expression
gene expression in healthy and cancer cells
gene expression in healthy cells
Genetic markers allow scientists to
Clone animals.
Copy strands of DNA.
synthesize antibiotics
Identify transformed cells.
What is the purpose of PCR?
To produce millions of copies of DNA.
To produce millions of copies of a specific region of DNA
To add nucleotides to a DNA sequence
To watch polymerase work.
What type of probes are used to bind DNA fragments with complementary sequences?
Labelled (radioactive) probes
RNA probes
surface probes
gel probess
In Southern blotting, ___________ type paper is used for blot transfer.
Nitrocellulose membrane or Nylon membrane filter
Whatman filter paper
Paper towel filter paper
Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to
Separate DNA fragments.
Count the genes in DNA.
Combine DNA fragments
Insert DNA in cells.
Which is used to cut DNA molecules at specific points?
gel electrophoresis
Recombinant DNA
PCR analysis
a restriction enzyme
What is this?
Rose
flower
