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Quarter 2 Review

Total questions: 113

Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Inversion

d)

Translocation

2.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
3.

Which organelle is DNA usually found in?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

4.

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Amino Acids

5.

DNA molecule segment is : TTA-CGC-AAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTC-GCA-AG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

6.

Original DNA: CAT GAT CCA

New DNA: CAT TGA TCC A

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

7.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
8.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

9.

What is the building block of DNA

a)

Monosaccharide

b)

Amino Acid

c)

Fatty Acid

d)

Nucleotide

10.

Why are mutations good?

a)

They are random

b)

They are caused by random errors in DNA

c)

They are rare

d)

They are a source of genetic variation

11.
a)

Showing you that somatic mutations are not passed onto gametes of offspring

b)

Showing you that germ-line mutations can be passed onto gametes of offspring

c)

Showing you fertilization

12.

What are three ways that DNA & RNA differ?

a)

DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil

b)

Both are a nucleic acid

c)

The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose

d)

DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single strand

13.

This is a picture of

a)

rRNA

b)

sRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

14.

Which one comes first, translation or transcription?

a)

both happen at the same time

b)

translation

c)

transcription

15.

While in DNA replication, the goal is make more DNA, in protein synthesis, DNA is used for the making of

a)

carbohydrates

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

16.

Transcribe this DNA sequence: GTA - AAC - TTG - CAA

a)

CAU - UUG - AAC - GUU

b)

CCT - UUG - AAC - GUU

c)

CAT - TTG - AAC - GTT

d)

CAU - UUC - AAG - GUT

17.

What does this mRNA codon translate to: CUA

a)

Leucine

b)

Proline

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Stop

18.

What does this mRNA codon translate to: CCG

a)

Leucine

b)

Proline

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Stop

19.

What does this DNA translate to: ATT

a)

Leucine

b)

Proline

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Stop

20.

Which RNA brings the message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

nRNA

21.

Which RNA makes up the ribosome?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

nRNA

22.

Which RNA contains an anti-codon?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

nRNA

23.

Proteins are made of

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

mono acids

24.

DNA's message ends up being expressed through a

a)

fatty acid

b)

lipid

c)

carbohydrate

d)

protein

25.

What happens during transcription?

a)

DNA passes along the code to tRNA

b)

DNA passes along the code to mRNA which leaves the nucleus to go into the cytoplasm

c)

DNA passes along the code to rRNA which leaves the nucleus to go to the cell membrane

d)

DNA passes along the code to tRNA which leaves the nucleus to go to the cell membrane

26.

During the final part of making proteins in the ribosomes (TRANSLATION), what three RNAs come together to make the final product:

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

sRNA

d)

rRNA

27.

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the double helix during DNA replication?

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Primase

28.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

29.

Replicate the following DNA strand (DNA to DNA): GTA - ATT - CGC

a)

GAT - TAA - GCG

b)

CAT - TAA - GCG

c)

CAT - TAA - GGG

d)

CTT - TAA - GCG

30.

During translation. the ribosome (rRNA) is finally receiving the message that DNA sent to mRNA and is

a)

building a necklace called a protein from the beads called amino acids which are brought by rRNA

b)

building a necklace called a protein from the beads called amino acids which are brought by tRNA

c)

building a necklace called a protein from the beads called amino acids which are brought by mRNA

31.

What are the building blocks of carbohydates?

a)

monosaccharides

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

fatty acids & glycerol

32.
Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?
a)
The cytoplasm separates.
b)
The DNA replicates. 
c)
The sister chromatids separate. 
d)
The homologous chromosomes cross over. 
33.
Which process produces the most variation within a species? 
a)
Asexual reproduction
b)
Sexual reproduction
c)
mitosis
d)
cloning
34.
During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division? 
a)
cytokinesis
b)
anaphase
c)
prophase
d)
interphase
35.
This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
36.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
37.
Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
38.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
39.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
40.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
41.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid gametes
d)
four haploid gametes
42.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid Gametes
b)
Diploid Somatic Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
43.

Which of these cells would be produced through meiosis?

a)

skin cells

b)

liver cells

c)

brain cells

d)

germline cells

44.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
45.

Products of meiosis are genetically

a)

different

b)

identical

46.
This picture shows which process? 
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
the cell cycle
47.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
48.
Which of the following represents chromosome # during fertilization?
a)
n+n=2n
b)
n=n
c)
2n=n+n
d)
2n=2n
49.
What phase is represented?
a)
metaphase 1
b)
metaphase 2
c)
anaphase 1
d)
anaphase 2
50.

The formation of eggs and sperm cells is...

a)

mitosis

b)

binary fission

c)

meiosis

d)

phagocytosis

51.

After fertilization, the embryo is dividing and growing. THis is an example of...

a)

meiosis

b)

gametocytosis

c)

binary fission

d)

mitosis

52.

Cells spend most of their time in ___________________of the cell cycle

a)

cytokinesis

b)

cell division

c)

mitosis

d)

interphase

53.

The cell cycle is a cycle a cell undergoes with the purpose to

a)

make more cells

b)

stop making cells

c)

circle

d)

restart

54.

What happens in the S phase of interphase?

a)

More RNA is made

b)

More DNA is made

c)

DNA is broken down

d)

RNA is broken down

55.

Throughout the cell cycle, there are checkpoints that

a)

inspect the cells to make sure they are developing normally

b)

send the cells to resting states

c)

check on the cells to make sure they are there

d)

inspect the cells for accuracy

56.

These checkpoints are responsible for preventing _____________cells from continuing to make more of themselves.

a)

cancerous

b)

noncancerous

c)

small

d)

good

57.

Cancer refers to

a)

controlled cell growth and replication

b)

garbage

c)

more garbage

d)

uncontrolled cell growth and replication

58.

Genetic factors such as _______________are a frequent cause of cancer.

a)

mitosis

b)

the sun

c)

mutations

d)

DNA

59.

When does cytokinesis take place?

a)

After mitosis

b)

Right after telophase

c)

Before prophase

d)

Before mitosis

60.

Select all that are true about mitosis

a)

it's the division of the cell

b)

it's the division of the nucleus

c)

it's the division of the cytoplasm

d)

it's a cloning of a kind

e)

it's copy/paste

61.

Mitosis is

a)

sexual reproduction

b)

asexual reproduction

62.

During this phase of the cell cycle, the cell membrane, cytoplasm and organelles split and 2 new daughter cells are formed.

a)

Metaphase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telephase

d)

Cytokinesis

63.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
64.

Which phase of the cell cycle is shown? (hint - messy chromatin)

a)

Prophase

b)

Interphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

65.

Ends with diploid number of chromosomes

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

66.

Involves crossing over

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

67.

Chromosomes condense

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

68.

Produces four cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

69.

involves 1 division of nucleus

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

70.

produces identical daughter cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

71.

for growth and repair

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

72.

involves two divisions of the nucleus

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

73.

produces haploid cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

74.

produces two cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

75.

produces non-identical cells

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

76.

begins with diploid parent cell

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

77.

Ends with diploid number of chromosomes

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

78.

Involves crossing over

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

79.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
80.
Structure (a) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
81.
Structure (c) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
82.
the two halves of the doubled chromosome structure 
a)
centromeres
b)
sister chromatids
c)
spindle
d)
tissues
83.
The result of meiosis is:
a)
two diploid cells
b)
two haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
four haploid cells
84.
Most of the cells in the human body are produced by
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
85.
What are chromosomes?
a)
different versions of genes
b)
condensed DNA 
c)
uncoiled DNA
86.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
87.
If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is
a)
18
b)
9
c)
27
d)
36
88.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
89.
When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.
a)
tetrad (pair of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad)
b)
triad
c)
diploid
d)
quad (group of 4 replicated chromosomes, 2 from mom and 2 from dad)
90.
Crossing over creates
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation (differences)
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
91.

__________________________chromosomes is referring to the chromosomes that are made after crossing over in Prophase 1.

a)

Mixed

b)

Recombinant

c)

Combined

d)

Duplicated

92.

Messy, unorganized, uncondensed version of DNA is called

a)

chromologs

b)

chromatid

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatin

93.

In prophase 1, pairs of homologous chromosomes find each other and pair up. What happens next in prophase 1?

a)

The paired up chromosomes exchange DNA parts.

b)

Nothing happens. That is the end of prophase 1.

c)

The chromosomes are separated.

d)

The DNA turns to nucleic acids.

94.

At the end of meiosis 2, ____________ daughter cells are made. These are NOT ____________.

a)

1, identical

b)

2, similar

c)

4, identical

d)

8, similar

95.
A cancer causing agent is called a(n)...
a)
Somatic mutation
b)
Carcinogen
c)
Oncogene
d)
Germline mutation
96.
What is a term for programmed cell death?
a)
apoptosis
b)
necrosis
c)
cell death
d)
doom
97.

These checkpoints are responsible for preventing _____________cells from continuing to make more of themselves.

a)

cancerous

b)

noncancerous

c)

small

d)

good

98.

Which cells would have a faster rate of division?

a)

noncancerous

b)

cancerous

99.

A mutation in a person's skin cell leads to skin cancer. Will this person pass on the skin cancer to its child? Why or why not?

a)

Yes; Mutations in somatic cells only affect the person they occur in. This is because somatic cells undergo meiosis, and cells made through mitosis are YOUR cells are only affect you. Only mutations in your germ-line cells (cells in your reproductive organs that lead to sperm and egg cells) can be passed on!

b)

No; Mutations in somatic cells only affect the person they occur in. This is because somatic cells undergo mitosis, and cells made through mitosis are YOUR cells are only affect you. Only mutations in your germ-line cells (cells in your reproductive organs that lead to sperm and egg cells) can be passed on!

100.

What are the chances of heterozygous genotypes in offspring?

a)

50%

b)

25%

c)

1 in 4

d)

75%

101.

A recessive genotype will show when:

a)

The offspring have both dominant and recessive alleles

b)

The offspring has two recessive alleles

c)

The offspring have two dominant genotypes

d)

The mother has blue eyes

102.
Which of the following terms refers to the different possibilities of a gene?
a)
chromosome
b)
DNA
c)
Punnett Squares
d)
allele
103.
In certain species of plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p). If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what will be the phenotype of the offspring?
a)
100% purple flowers
b)
100% white flowers
c)
75% white flowers, 25% purple flowers
d)
25% white flowers, 75% purple flowers
104.

A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance. What percentage of the offspring will have pink (Rr) flowers?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

105.

A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Recessive inheritance

106.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
107.
I have 1 X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome. What am I?
a)
Male
b)
Female
108.
What percentage of the offspring will have this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
109.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
110.

The trait this pedigree traces is recessive because it skips a generation and individuals can be carriers. What is the most likely genotype for person III-3?

a)

GG

b)

Gg

c)

gg

111.

If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual 4 be?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

112.
Huntington's Disease is a dominant trait.
What is the correct genotype for individual I-2?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
H_
113.

What is the genotype of the father?

a)

AA

b)

aa

c)

Aa

d)

AA or aa

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