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Semester 2 Review!

Total questions: 112

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

There are 3 types of RNA. What are they? (Select all that apply)

a)

tRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

xRNA

2.
What shape is RNA?
a)
single helix
b)
double helix
3.
What type of sugar makes up RNA?
a)
deoxyribose
b)
glucose
c)
fructose
d)
ribose
4.

What base does RNA have that DNA does not?

a)

uracil

b)

thymine

c)

cytosine

d)

guanine

5.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
at a ribosome
b)
in the nucleus
c)
at a mitochondria
d)
at a lysosome
6.
If a DNA strand reads ATT CGT CTA, what would the mRNA strand read?
a)
TAA GCA GAT
b)
CGA TGA GUT
c)
UAA GCA GAU
d)
TAA GCA GUT
7.
Where does translation take place?
a)
in the nucleus
b)
at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
c)
at a mitochondria
d)
at a lysosome
8.
What is assembled during transcription?
a)
transfer RNA
b)
messenger RNA
c)
DNA replication
d)
court proceedings
9.
What is made during translation?
a)
transfer RNA
b)
messenger RNA
c)
Proteins
d)
Spanish Rice
10.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a)
transfer RNA
b)
messenger RNA
c)
tRNA and mRNA
d)
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
11.
In eukaryotes, DNA:
a)
floats freely in the cytoplasm
b)
is found in the nucleus
c)
is wrapped within the ribosome
d)
is circular
12.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
13.
tRNA is involved in
a)
carrying amino acids 
b)
carrying ribosomes
c)
carrying glucose
d)
carrying lipids
14.
Which process is happening in this picture?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
15.
Which of the following molecules is created during TRANSCRIPTION?
a)
Protein
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
d)
tRNA
16.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
17.
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
18.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
19.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
20.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytonkinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
Prophase
21.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
22.
Which is Metaphase?
a)
A
b)
E
c)
C
d)
F
23.
Chromosomes condense from long stands into rod like structures. 
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
24.
The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
25.
The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells
a)
mitosis
b)
cancer
c)
spindle
d)
centromere
26.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
27.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
28.
What is the first phase of Mitosis?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
29.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
a)
46
b)
21
c)
10
30.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
31.
Name the phase:
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
32.
In which type of cells will mitosis occur?
a)
egg cells
b)
sperm cells
c)
jail cells
d)
Body cells except the sperm and egg cells
33.
When you start with 1 cell, at the end of mitosis, how many identical cells will you have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
34.
What process does a multi-cellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
replication
d)
transcription
35.

A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes. What is the haploid number found in a gamete?

a)

92

b)

46

c)

23

d)

184

36.

Check all the boxes for each organelle that plant and animal cells both have.

a)

lysosomes

b)

cell membrane

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleus

e)

cell wall

37.

Sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell, this organelle is where respiration takes place.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Vacuole

38.

Bacteria is classified as a what?

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

39.

If it does not rain for a long period of time, plants’ leaves will begin to wilt or sag. They have used up the water that they stored in their ___________

a)

Vacuole

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Mitochondria

40.
Rigid, outermost layer of the plant cell
a)
nucleus
b)
cell membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
cytoplasm
41.
The control center that controls all the functions of the cell
a)
cytoplasm
b)
cell wall
c)
cell membrane
d)
nucleus
42.
Contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place. Found in plant cells only.
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
vacuole
d)
cytoplasm
43.
Semi-permeable layer around the cell that encloses the contents of the cell
a)
nucleus
b)
cell membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
chloroplast
44.
jelly-like substance that is located between the cell membrane and the nucleus
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
vacuole
d)
cytoplasm
45.
I store water in both plant and animal cells. What am I?
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosomes
c)
vacuole
d)
lysosomes
46.

I make proteins for the cell. What am I?

a)

ribosome

b)

cell membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

chloroplast

47.
If the sodium concentration inside a cell is greater than outside the cell, how can a cell take in more sodium?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
passive transport
48.
Which process involves the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Active transport
c)
osmosis
d)
phagocytosis
49.
if you put a plant in salt water it will ...
a)
swell because water diffuses into the cells
b)
swell because water diffuses out of the cell
c)
shrivel because water diffuses out of the cell
50.
The amount of particles in a given space.
a)
diffusion
b)
concentration
c)
permeable
d)
active transport
51.
When the concentration of particles inside of a cell is the same as the concentration of particles outside of the cell. 
a)
active transport
b)
concentration
c)
diffusion
d)
equilibrium
52.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (select all that apply).

a)

Osmosis

b)

Respiration

c)

Diffusion

d)

Active Transport

53.
Cells use energy to move materials across a membrane (low to high concentration).
a)
Active transport
b)
Passive transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
54.
Cells transport material across a cell membrane without using energy (high to low concentration)
a)
Passive transport
b)
Concentration
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Active Transport
55.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
56.
This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
57.
You put a cell into a solution, the cell grows. Is the solution hypotonic or hypertonic to the cell? 
a)
hypertonic
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
d)
not enough information
58.
What type of solution allows water to enter the plant cell?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
59.
An ISOTONIC solution has a(n) ______________ concentration of solute (dissolved stuff) than inside the cell.
a)
lower
b)
equal
c)
higher
60.
If a cell is placed in a HYPOTONIC solution, water will move _________ of the cell, causing it to ___________.
a)
into, swell
b)
out of, shrivel
c)
in and out of the cell, stay the same
61.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
62.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
63.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
64.
What is another term for "selectively permeable"?
a)
porous
b)
completely permeable
c)
permanent
d)
semipermeable
65.
Most of the cell membrane is made of...
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
66.

The function of the cell membrane is....

a)

to regulate what enters and leaves the cell.

b)

fight bacteria and viruses that enter the cell.

c)

provide rigid support and protection to the cell.

d)

make sure each cell can move

67.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
68.
Hydrophilic means...
a)
water-loving
b)
water-fearing
c)
nonpolar
d)
lipid soluble
69.

Hydrophobic means...

a)

water-loving

b)

water-fearing

c)

nonpolar

d)

lipid soluble

70.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
71.
Fermentation enables glycolysis to continue under 
a)
anaerobic conditions
b)
aerobic conditions
c)
photosynthetic conditions
d)
hydrophobic conditions
72.

Which organism go through cellular respiration?

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

both animals and plants

d)

none

73.

Which molecule is the reactant of the Glycolysis stage of cellular respiration?

a)

water

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

ATP

74.

The Electron Transport Chain is a series of chemical reactions in which energy is transferred to form a large amount of what molecule?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

c)

pyruvic acid

d)

ATP

75.

Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration (Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain) occurs in the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

vacuoles

76.

Select ALL the products of Cellular Respiration? *clue: 3*

a)

oxygen

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

e)

ATP (energy)

77.
What type of respiration requires oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
78.
What type of respiration does not require oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
79.

Which type of respiration is most efficient (creates the most ATP)?

a)

Aerobic

b)

Anaerobic

80.

True or False: Only animals can undergo Cellular Respiration.

a)

True

b)

False

81.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
glucose & carbon dioxide
b)
glucose & oxygen
c)
water & oxygen
d)
water & carbon dioxide
82.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to 
a)
make water
b)
make ATP
c)
make glucose
d)
make  oxygen
83.
What is the name of the 1st step of cellular respiration?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Kreb's Cycle
c)
ETC
d)
Anaerobic respiration
84.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
85.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
34
86.

What is the total net gain of ATP at the end of aerobic respiration?

a)

2 ATP

b)

34 ATP

c)

36 - 38 ATP

d)

50 ATP

87.
Which is a product of Kreb's Cycle?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Glucose
c)
Pyruvate
d)
Water
88.

What is the second stage of cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis

b)

krebs cycle

c)

electron transport

d)

pyruvate

89.

What is the energy that is produced in cell respiration?

a)

ADP

b)

Sugar

c)

ATP

90.

Which process will always occur no matter what?

a)

E.T.C.

b)

Kreb's Cycle

c)

Glycolysis

91.

Your body needs energy, there is enough oxygen present so after glycolysis it goes to...

a)

lactic acid fermentation

b)

Kreb's Cycle

c)

E.T.C.

92.

How many ATP are produced in Kreb's Cycle?

a)

32

b)

2

c)

34

93.

If you wanted to produce more energy, what pathway would you choose?

a)

aerobic

b)

anaerobic

94.

What are the products of cell respiration?

a)

water, light, and sugar

b)

water, carbon dioxide, ATP

c)

oxygen, water, sugar

95.

The CO2 you breathe out comes out of which process?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

lactic acid fermentation

c)

Kreb's Cycle

96.

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

a)

mitochondria matrix

b)

mitochondria inner membrane

c)

cytoplasm

97.

What step of cellular respiration is the majority of the energy produced?

a)

calvin cycle

b)

light reaction

c)

krebs cycle

d)

electron transport chain

98.

The rate of photosynthesis can be influenced by...

a)

Amount of water available

b)

Carbon dioxide levels

c)

Light intensity

d)

Oxygen concentration

99.
What are the reactants (what's needed) for photosynthesis?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
light, water, and carbon dioxide
100.
Which organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
a)
Mitochondrion
b)
Chlorplast
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Nucleus
101.
This image shows the process of _____.
a)
Respiration
b)
Photosystem I
c)
Dark Reactions
d)
Photosynthesis
102.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
103.

Look at the diagram. Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?
a)
oxygen
b)
nitrogen
c)
ozone
d)
carbon dioxide
104.
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars (rate of photosynthesis)?
a)
Sugar production will likely increase.
b)
Sugars will not be produced.
c)
The rate of sugar production will decrease .
d)
Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.
105.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
106.
Respiration is the process by which animals take in _____ and release _____. 
a)
photosynthesis, air
b)
carbon, oxygen
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
107.

Choose the statement that best describes light reaction.

a)

It converts CO2 to sugar molecule

b)

It converts light energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

c)

It takes place in the stroma

108.
Leaves look green because.....
a)
they eat their vegetables
b)
to blend into their environment
c)
they contain a molecule named chlorophyll
d)
they are sick
109.

What pigment found in chloroplasts absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

a)

chloroplast

b)

thylakoid

c)

grana

d)

chlorophyll

110.
What are the two products of the light reactions that are needed for the calvin cycle?
a)
NAD and NADPH
b)
NADP + and Glucose
c)
NADPH and ATP
d)
Oxygen and NADPH
111.
What does metabolism mean?
a)
Converting energy into food
b)
Making light reactions happen
c)
Converting food into energy
112.

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

a)

anabolic pathways

b)

catabolic pathways

c)

fermentation pathways

d)

thermodynamic pathways

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