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Water movement

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is infiltration?

a)

The process by which water sinks into the ground

b)

The zone where there are still air spaces left between the particles.

c)

The process by which water vapor turns into liquid water and forms fog or clouds.

d)

The process by which water does not sink into the ground, but rather travels along the surface.

2.

What is an confined aquifer?

a)

a well in which water is under pressure especially : one in which the water flows to the surface naturally.

b)

solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium.

c)

an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water with layers of impermeable material are both above and below.

d)

water that collects on the surface of the ground.

3.

what is a confining layer

a)

gravel

b)

sand

c)

A layer or bed of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material lying below or above one or more aquifers.

d)

a layer into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer.

4.

unconfined aquifer

a)

a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream.

b)

an aquifers into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer.

c)

aquifers with which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above.

d)

a large body of water surrounded by land.

5.

The process by which groundwater is replenished and can occur naturally through infiltration is called - groundwater ? .

a)

recharge

b)

renergize

c)

discharge

d)

expulsion

6.

What is the process by where water is removed from an aquifer by humans drilling and pumping?

a)

groundwater recharge

b)

groundwater discharge

c)

groundwater regenerate

d)

groundwater expulsion

7.

Normally, atmospheric upwelling and rain occurs in the:

a)

FAR Western Pacific

b)

Central Pacific

c)

Western Pacific

8.

Both El Nino and La Nina have this in common

a)

Influence birds that migrate over the ocean

b)

Influence rainy / dry weather world wide

c)

The weather at the polar regions

d)

The directions that ships travel in the oceans

9.

The image is of a(n):

a)

El Nino event

b)

La Nina event

c)

Non-El Nino (normal conditions)

10.

The picture below is of a(n) ____ event.

a)

Non-El Nino (Normal)

b)

El Nino

c)

La Nina

11.

The picture represents a(n) ___ event.

a)

El Nino

b)

La Nina

c)

Non-El Nino (normal conditions)

12.

La Niña is characterized by ______________ of the Western Pacific Ocean.

a)

a warming

b)

a cooling

c)

average temperatures

13.

Why do the fisherman of Peru and South America not welcome a strong El Nino?

a)

El Nino poisons the fish

b)

El Nino causes strong winds and currents which move fish westward

c)

El Nino bring cold water to the surface which kills the base of the food chain

d)

El Nino shuts off upwelling and nutrients needed for the marine food chain do not rise to the surface

14.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about El Niño and La Niña?

a)

Both occur every 2-7 years

b)

Both occur in the Atlantic Ocean

c)

El Nino is a warming and La Nina is a cooling of the Pacific Ocean

d)

Neither are considered "storms"

15.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter A?

a)

Trench

b)

Seamount

c)

Guyot

16.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter B?

a)

Continental rise

b)

Abyssal plain

c)

Seamount

17.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter C?

a)

Mid ocean ridge

b)

Continental shelf

c)

Island

18.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter D?

a)

Seamount

b)

Continental rise

c)

Continental shelf

19.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter E?

a)

Abyssal plain

b)

Continental slope

c)

Trench

20.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter F?

a)

Mid ocean ridge

b)

Continental shelf

c)

Abyssal plain

21.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter G?

a)

Continental rise

b)

Continental shelf

c)

Trench

22.

What is the name of the seafloor feature marked with the letter I?

a)

Guyot

b)

Abyssal plain

c)

Trench

23.

An outward extension of sand that develops as a result of longshore currents moving sand down a beach is known as a(n) ____________.

a)

baymouth bar

b)

spit

c)

barrier island

d)

groin

24.

A landform that is completely surrounded by water and runs parallel to the mainland is known as a(n) ____________.

a)

baymouth bar

b)

spit

c)

barrier island

d)

groin

25.

One disadvantage of using a groin is that ____________.

a)

they create rough waters that contribute to shipwrecks

b)

prevent lagoons from being opened up to the sea

c)

they stop the flow of longshore currents

d)

they cause sand to build up on one side of the groin and erode on the other

26.

A wall of concrete or stacked boulders that extend into the ocean on either side of a harbor entrance is known as a ____________.

a)

baymouth bar

b)

groin

c)

jetty

d)

seawall

27.

_____________ are formed when wave erodes and undercuts rock on the shoreline.

a)

Sea cave

b)

sea stack

c)

headlands

d)

sea cliff

28.

A sea cave that cuts completely through the rock is called _____________________________.

a)

Sea Stack

b)

Sea Arches

c)

Headland

d)

Wave Cut Terrace

29.

Large holes cut along the base of the cliff are called ____________________.

a)

Sea Stack

b)

Sea Cave

c)

Headlands

d)

Wave cut terrace

30.

The finger shaped projects on the side of a sea cliff are called ___________________.

a)

Headlands

b)

Sea Stacks

c)

Wave Cut Terrace

d)

Sea Arches

31.

Level platform at the base of the sea cliff are called __________________.

a)

Shoreline

b)

Beach

c)

Headland

d)

Wave Cut Terrace

32.

An embankment built along the shore to protect inland areas from powerful waves is known as a ____________.

a)

baymouth bar

b)

groin

c)

jetty

d)

seawall

33.

An outward extension of sand that completely closes off a bay, and may form a lagoon, is known as a(n) ____________.

a)

baymouth bar

b)

spit

c)

barrier island

d)

groin

34.

On which of the following maps do the arrows best show the direction of wave movement that created the beaches in this area?

a)
b)
c)
d)
35.

Layers of rocks that contain and circulate groundwater.

a)

AQUIFER

b)

RIVER

c)

PRECIPITATION

d)

WATER TABLE

e)

LAGOON

36.

What are some depositional features of a shoreline?

a)

Spit

b)

Tombolo

c)

Sand dunes

d)

Barrier island

37.

The continental slope is the shallowest part of the continental margin.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Deep-ocean basins contain:

a)

All of the ocean is a deep ocean

b)

Deep-sea trenches

c)

Abyssal planes

d)

Mid-ocean ridges

39.

What type of sediment comes from elements in the seawater?

a)

Terrigenous Sediments

b)

Biogenous Sedimets

c)

Hydrogenous Sediments

d)

Chemigenous Sediments

40.
Warm ocean currents generally come from
a)

the North Pole

b)

the South Pole

c)

the Equator

d)

upwelling

41.

Decreasing water temperature causes the density of the water to ______.

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

42.

Increasing water salinity causes the density of the water to ______.

a)

increase

b)

stay the same

c)

decrease

43.

Where is ocean water the most dense?

a)

the surface

b)

near the Equator

c)

the bottom

d)

the middle of gyres

44.

What causes deep ocean currents?

a)

The Coriolis Effect

b)

gyres

c)

wind

d)

density differences

45.

What causes ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise?

a)
Earth's orbit around the Sun
b)
Earth's spinning on its axis
c)
Earth's magnetic field
d)
Earth's force of gravity
46.
If the Earth did not rotate on its axis, there would be no
a)

Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

b)
Coriolis effect
c)

upwelling

d)
Convection
47.
What happens to a current when it comes in contact with a continent or landmass?
a)

It continues over the continent.

b)

It stops.

c)

It changes direction.

d)

It is absorbed by the land.

48.

Nutrients are brought to the surface for phytoplankton to use at _______.

a)

gyres

b)

eddies

c)

upwellings

d)

the equator

49.

________ and _______ affect the ocean's density and cause the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt to travel.

a)

gravity and the Coriolis Effect

b)

temperature and salinity

c)

wind and climate

d)

temperature and the Coriolis Effect

50.

The more scientific name of the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt is _____.

a)

halinethermal circulation

b)

thermohaline circulation

c)

thermodensity circulation

d)

upwelling

51.

What is the large, circular surface-current pattern found in each ocean called?

a)
California Current
b)
Surface Current
c)
Gyre
d)

Great Ocean Conveyor Belt

52.
 As the temperature of ocean water changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how does the density change?
a)
The water becomes more dense
b)
The water becomes less dense
c)
 The density does not change 
d)
 It is impossible to predict
53.
 The density of ocean water is influenced by what two factors?
a)
 Salinity and temperature
b)
Water color and chlorophyll
c)
 Dissolved gases and dissolved solids
d)
 Dissolved carbon and trace elements
54.

What is a thermocline?

a)

A rapid change in temperature with depth

b)

A rapid change in temperature with latitude

c)

A rapid change in salinity with depth

d)

A rapid change in density with depth

55.

What is stratification?

a)

Layering of ocean water based on its properties (temperature, salinity, density, etc.)

b)

Temperature differences with depth

c)

Salinity differences with depth

d)

Mixing of ocean water despite its different properties

56.

The gradual increase in density as depth increases is the

a)

halocline

b)

pycnocline

c)

metacline

d)

thermocline

57.

Wave time =?

a)

wave speed

b)

wave period

c)

wavelength

d)

none of the above

58.
Which of the following is not a factor affecting wave height?
a)
direction wind is blowing
b)
wind speed
c)
length of time wind is blowing
d)
distance wind is blowing
59.
The height of a wave is MOST affected by the
a)
speed of the wind
b)
speed of the ocean
c)
salinity of the ocean
d)
amount of solar energy
60.
We can measure wavelength by measuring the distance from crest to crest or ______ to _______.
a)
amplitude, amplitude
b)
length, width
c)
trough, trough
d)
height, height
61.

Waves that move in water less than 1/2 their wavelength

a)

Deep Water Waves

b)

Shallow Water Waves

c)

Open Ocean Waves

d)

Tsunami

62.
Which statement correctly describes the motion of water particles due to the action of waves?
a)
they travel from one crest to another
b)
they move in opposite direction of the wave
c)
they rise and fall in a circular motion
d)
they move back and forth
63.
What is represented at point 4?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
64.
What is represented at point 3?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
65.
What is represented at point 2?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
66.
What is represented at point 1?
a)
wave height
b)
wavelength
c)
crest
d)
trough
67.
What causes surface waves?
a)
underwater volcanoes
b)
earthquakes
c)
wind
d)
landslides
68.

Which two features together control the density of seawater?

a)

temperature and sea depth

b)

salinity and plankton concentration

c)

temperature and salinity

d)

salinity and depth

69.
T4 - True or False Salinity increases as ocean depth increases.
a)
True
b)
False
70.

Ocean temperature, salinity, dissolved gases, and density are the same in all parts of the ocean.

a)

True

b)

False

71.

Tides are not affected by the Coriolis Effect.

a)

True

b)

False

72.

Spring tides are when the sun and moon are lined up and working together.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

Neap tides are when the sun and moon are lined up and working together.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Diurnal tides are when there is one high and one low tide per day.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Semidiurnal tides are when there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day that are equal.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Mixed tidal patterns are when there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides per day that are equal.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

The moons rotation around the earth is what causes the tides to change daily.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Ebb is when the tide is...

a)

rising

b)

falling

79.

Complete the phrase:

Coastal upwelling results in...

a)

cooler, fresher and nutrient rich water from depths to rise up to the surface.

b)

warm, salty and nutrient poor water from depths to rise up to the surface.

c)

cooler, fresher and nutrient rich water to sink from the surface to the deeper reaches of the ocean.

d)

warm, salty and nutrient poor water to sink from the surface to the deeper reaches of the ocean.

80.

The coriolis force causes objects to be deflected to their ________ in the Southern Hemisphere?

a)

left

b)

right

c)

no deflection

81.

True or False

Upwelling is responsible for phyotoplankton blooms which attracts an abundance of fish, mammals, sharks and birds to eat.

a)

True

b)

False

82.
Currents that occur at or near the surface of the ocean are called 
a)
Deep Currents
b)
Convection Currents
c)
Surface Currents
d)
Wave Currents
83.
What happens when there is a spring tide
a)
high tides 
b)
really high tides
c)
low tides
84.
The deflection of currents due to Earth's rotation is called the
a)
Rotation Effect
b)
Current Effect
c)
Coriolis Effect
d)
Deflection Effect
85.
The Gulf stream carries _____________ water from the east coast of The United States to the West coast of Europe.
a)
Cold
b)
Warm 
c)
Freezing
d)
Fresh
86.
The Coriolis Effect is caused by
a)
Earth rotating around the sun
b)
Earth rotating on its axis
c)
The tides
d)
Magic water fairies
87.
Cold ocean currents generally come from
a)
The North Pole 
b)
The South Pole
c)
The Equator
d)
Both North and South Poles
88.
Tides are caused by __________.
a)
wind
b)
density differences
c)
gravity
d)
salinity differences
89.

This Image represents...

a)

Downwelling

b)

Upwelling

c)

Thermohaline circulation

d)

Rip Current

90.
The movement of material along a coast by waves that approach at an angle to the shore but recede straight down the beach is called...
a)
Longshore drift
b)
Swash
c)
Backwash
d)
Recession
91.
The movement of material along a coast by waves that approach at an angle to the shore but recede straight down the beach is called...
a)
Longshore drift
b)
Swash
c)
Backwash
d)
Recession
92.

Prevailing wind is the main

__________ of the wind.

a)

direction

b)

speed

c)

force

93.

Longshore drift involves waves transporting sediment in a __________ pattern along the beach.

a)

zig-zag

b)

wavey

c)

vertical

d)

horizontal

94.

The water that is pushed up the beach face as the result of incoming waves.

a)

swash

b)

backwash

c)

rip current

d)

longshore drift

95.

The flow of water, down a beach face, toward the ocean as the result of waves that have broken.

a)

swash

b)

backwash

c)

storm surge

d)

longshore drift

96.

What occurs when 2 longshore currents converge (join together)?

a)

Larger longshore current

b)

Rip Current

c)

Really cool waves

d)

Nothing will happen

97.

If you are caught in a rip, what is something you should NOT do?

a)

Swim against the rip

b)

Swim sideways

c)

Stay calm

d)

Signal for help

98.

The currents that flows along the coastline when waves run into the shore at an angle

a)

Longshore currents

b)

Nearshore currents

c)

Rip currents

d)

Undertow

99.

The movement of material along a coast by waves that approach at an angle to the shore but recede directly away from it.

a)

swash

b)

storm surge

c)

longshore drift

d)

breakwater

100.

Narrow streams of water that break through sandbars and drain rapidly back to sea.

a)

Salinity

b)

Rip Current

c)

Sea-floor spreading

d)

Rock density

101.
The picture below shows a geological landform on Earth. This landform is always found along the shoreline of a body of water. It is usually made up of loose particles, such as sand and rock.
a)
a canyon
b)
an ocean ridge
c)
a beach
d)
a fault line
102.

What is swash?

a)

Waves pulling material backwards into the sea.

b)

Waves pushing material forwards onto the shore.

c)

The movement of a wave sideways.

103.

What is backswash?

a)

Waves pulling material backwards into the sea.

b)

Waves pushing material forwards onto the shore.

c)

When your spit goes back into a drink.

104.
Area between the highest and lowest tide
a)
foreshore
b)
backshore
c)
beach face 
d)
drift line
105.
Area away from shore, underwater.
a)
foreshore
b)
backshore
c)
offshore
d)
beach face
106.
Area of beach hardly ever wet, above high tide.
a)
foreshore
b)
backshore
c)
offshore
d)
beach face
107.

The rise and fall of water on the shoreline caused by the moon's position is called_____________________.

a)

currents

b)

tides

c)

waves

d)

storms

108.

Which features can be classified as beaches?

a)
b)
c)
d)
109.

________________ can either form a beach by depositing sand or destroy beaches by eroding the sand.

a)

Currents

b)

Storms

c)

Waves

d)

All of the above

110.
During a hurricane, what affect can the ocean have on the beach? 
a)
Only the rain from a hurricane affects the land.
b)
The ocean can wash away much of the beach in a short time.
c)
The ocean always cleans litter from the beach during a hurricane.
d)
Only the wind from a hurricane affects the land.

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