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Spring Semester Final Exam Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The passing of genetic material from parents to offspring.

a)

heredity

b)

gene

c)

allele

d)

genotype

e)

phenotype

2.

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

3.

Sections of DNA that have instructions for a specific trait are called _______________

a)

Blueprints

b)

Genes

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Fragments

4.

Traits that are passed from parents to offspring are always

a)

Recessive

b)

Inherited

c)

Dominant

d)

Heterozygous

5.

The genetic difference between individuals in the same species is

a)

Interesting

b)

Harmful

c)

Variation

d)

Genetics

6.
Which statement describes asexual and sexual reproduction?
a)
Asexual is one part of sexual reproduction.
b)
Sexual reproduction happens before asexual reproduction.
c)
Asexual needs one parent, and sexual needs two parents.
d)
Sexual only happens in animals, and asexual happens only in plants.
7.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
a)
Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring.
b)
Sexual reproduction happens before asexual reproduction.
c)
Sexual reproduction generates a large number of offspring.
d)
Sexual reproduction causes genetic variation in offspring.
8.
This shows which form of reproduction?
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
9.
Which of these is a trait that is acquired through learning?
a)

Ability to be left-handed

b)
Ability to be right-handed
c)

Ability to throw a football in a spiral

10.
All Offspring of Asexual reproduction are identical
a)
True
b)
False
11.
Which process is considered to be faster? 
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual 
12.

A hydra reproduces when an outgrowth, or bud, forms and continues to develop until it falls off of the parent. This is an example of:

a)

Binary Fission

b)

Sporulation

c)

Budding

d)

Vegetative Propagation

13.
What type of asexual reproduction is taking place?
Fishermen work hard to catch and remove all the starfish that get into their favorite shell fishing beds and the “underwater farms” where they raise clams and oysters. In the past, they put the starfish into their boats, cut them up with knives, and then throw the pieces of starfish overboard. They thought this would kill the starfish. What they did not know was that each piece of starfish will grow into a whole new animal.
a)
Regeneration
b)
Vegetative propagation
c)
Budding
d)
Fission
14.
How many parent(s)are needed for asexual?
a)
4
b)
1
c)
9
d)
100
15.

Which is a type of Asexual Reproduction

a)

Sexual

b)

Binary fission

c)

Cells

d)

organism

16.
Sexual reproduction requires _____ parents and asexual reproduction requires ___ parents
a)
1,1
b)
2,2
c)
2,1
d)
1,2 
17.

Cutting the roots from a carrot and allowing it to grow into a newly formed daughter carrot is called __________.

a)

Vegetative Reproduction

b)

Cloning

c)

Binary Fission

d)

Plants vs. Zombies

18.

This plant adaptation transports water from roots to stems.

a)

Drip-Tips

b)

Thorns

c)

Xylem

d)

Shallow Roots

19.

Cactus plants in the desert have this to keep animals away from eating them

a)

Shallow Roots

b)

Spines/Thorns

c)

drip-tips

d)

xylem

20.

Hollow Bones in a bird

a)

help the bird move around easier

b)

help the bird fly

c)

help form a strong beak

21.

How do adaptations help organisms?

a)

To hide from predators

b)

To survive in their habitats

c)

To hunt for food

d)

All of these are correct

22.
Why might some plants have thorns?
a)
to stay safe from animals that want to eat the plant
b)
to attract insects that spread pollen to other plants
c)
to take in nutrients from the air
d)
to provide shade for the plant
23.
Some grasses grow in hot dry areas. Why might they grow deep roots?
a)
to protect the plant from sun damage
b)
to take in as much light as possible
c)
to spread seeds to new places
d)
to reach water down below
24.
Which characteristic is necessary for natural selection to occur in a species? 
a)
stability 
b)
variation 
c)
complex cellular organization 
d)
a very low mutation rate 
25.
"Survival of the Fittest" describes which theory
a)
a) natural selection
b)
b) gravity
c)
c) heredity
d)
d) string theory
26.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
27.
A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?
a)
Juniper
b)
Pine
c)
Spruce
d)
Fir
28.
What step do we always start with when using dichotomous keys?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
29.
When using a dichotomous key to identify organisms, what do we look at?
a)
physical features
b)
weather patterns
c)
environment
d)
diet
30.
What is a dichotomous key used for in science?
a)
To organize biomes
b)
Classify organisms
c)
Identify bacteria only
d)
None of these
31.
 What is 1 way selective breeding is DIFFERENT from natural selection?
(Selective breeding is also called artificial selection.)
a)
Selective breeding does not produce any offspring at all.
b)
Humans, not nature, control reproduction in selective breeding.
c)
Nature, not humans, controls reproduction in selective breeding.
d)
Animals are the only organisms that can be selectively bred, while both plants and animals can undergo natural selection.
32.
When humans breed 2 organisms with specific traits to influence the traits of the next generation, it is __________.
a)
selective breeding
b)
natural selection
33.

Natural selection is where ___________ decides which traits should be passed on.

a)

nature

b)

a human

c)

traits

d)

evolution

34.

A farmer has bred his pineapple plants from the sweetest pineapples from his last harvest to get even sweeter pineapple plants. What is this an example of?

a)

Selective breeding

b)

Natural selection

35.

Evidence shows that the wolf is the ancestor to all of the breeds of dogs shown below. How did this variation arise in a relatively short period of time?

a)

Random Selection

b)

Natural selection

c)

Random chance

d)

Selective breeding

36.

True/False: Mutations are random.

a)

True

b)

False

37.
An example of a behavioral adaptation is
a)
The long neck of a giraffe
b)
Penguins huddling together for warmth
c)
A camel's hump used to store water
d)
A polar bear's white fur used for camouflage
38.

What gave Charles Darwin the idea of evolution?

a)

dogs

b)

cats

c)

humans

d)
finches in the Galapagos island
39.

Which is NOT a result of selective breeding?

a)

Large seedless watermelons that consumer demand

b)

Bright oranges that are all about the same size

c)

An insect that matches the color of the environment

d)

A dog that has been bred to have short hair

40.
When every organism of a given species has died
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Homeostasis
c)
Extinction
d)
Selective Breeding
41.
Hetetrotroph is another word (a synonym) for
a)
scavenger
b)
producer
c)
autotroph
d)
consumer
42.
All of the following are types of consumers EXCEPT for
a)
carnivore
b)
herbivore
c)
omnivore
d)
producer
43.

In the energy pyramid, what is the bottom level composed of?

a)

Producers

b)

First-Level Consumers

c)

Second-Level Consumers

d)

Third-Level Consumers

44.
A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem is a ____________
a)
ecosystem
b)
food web
c)
environment
45.
What is the source of all energy? 
a)
producers
b)
sun
c)
consumers
d)
decomposers
46.
Which of the following is a biotic factor in a desert ecosystem 
a)
sun
b)
cacti
c)
water
d)
sand
47.
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in a marine ecosystem? 
a)
grass
b)
whale
c)
water
d)
plankton
48.

A consumer that eats both animals and producers.

a)

Carnnivores

b)

Omnivores

c)

Herbivores

49.

What would happen if their were no producers?

a)

Every population would grow larger

b)

Everything would die out

c)

The animals would make their own food

50.

What does the decomposer do?

a)

Eat dead animals

b)

Eat dead plants

c)

Return nutrients back to the

environment

d)

All of the above

51.

What is a autotroph?

a)

Makes its own food

b)

Eat other animals

c)

Eats plants

52.

What are heterotrophs?

a)

An animal in which it makes it's own food

b)

An animal in which it eats other animals

53.

Which biome has deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves)?

a)

Temperate Forest

b)

Rainforest

c)

Grasslands

d)

Taiga

54.

Which biome has coniferous trees (trees that don't lose their leaves)?

a)

Taiga

b)

Temperate Forest

c)

Tundra

d)

Grasslands

55.
Which biome has wide-open fields of grass?
a)
Taiga
b)
Grasslands
c)
Temperate Forest
d)
Rainforest
56.
Which biome has the most variety of plants and animals?
a)
Temperate Forest
b)
Rainforest
c)
Tundra
d)
Grasslands
57.
Which biome has 4 seasons?
a)
Taiga
b)
Tundra
c)
Grasslands
d)
Temperate Forest
58.

This biome has very little rainfall, also extremely cold temperatures for most of the year, and frozen soil makes ponds form.

a)

Deciduous forest

b)

Tundra

c)

rain forest

d)

Grassland

59.

An estuary is ______________________________. 

a)

an aquatic ecosystem where a river meets the ocean (mixture of fresh water and salt water)

b)

part of the tundra biome

c)

only fresh water

d)

only salt water

60.
 Which biome is more likely to survive a change in the environment?
a)
High (rich) biodiversity
b)
Low (poor) biodiversity
61.

Food Web B is an example of...

a)

Low biodiversity and low sustainability. If the producer dies then all the food web will suffer.

b)

High biodiversity and high sustainability. If an organism is removed the food web will continue with no effect.

62.

Biodiversity is best described as...

a)

the amount of different species of organisms (plants and animals) living in the same area.

b)

when only a few species inhabit an area.

c)

when only one organism (plants and animals) is found living in one area.

63.

In general, as you move from the equator to the poles, what happens to biodiversity?

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Remains the same

64.

Why is biodiversity in an ecosystem so important?

a)

Because it can help humans where to determine good places to develop farm land.

b)

Because places that have a healthy biodiversity are unaffected by major disturbances.

c)

Because having a high biodiversity allows for fewer opportunities of competition for similar resources.

d)

Because having a high biodiversity allows ecosystems to withstand disturbances (major changes).

65.

Which would most likely result in primary succession?

a)

old forest growing

b)

undisturbed prairie

c)

pollution kills mountain lake species

d)

a Newly formed volcanic island

66.

How do pioneer species compare in primary and secondary succession?

a)

primary starts with grass and weeds, secondary starts with mosses

b)

primary starts with forest fire, secondary starts with volcano

c)

primary starts with a volcano, secondary starts with a forest fire

d)

Lichens and moss in primary, and grasses/ ferns in secondary

67.

Primary succession occurs in areas with:

a)

very little soil

b)

lots of soil

c)

no soil

d)

soil that has been disturbed

68.

What best describes the term succession?

a)

rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

b)

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

c)

forest with the tallest trees

d)

the rate species produce offspring

69.

Why do grasses appear before shrubs in ecological succession?

a)

loosen the dirt for new trees to take roots?

b)

provide food for animals returning to the area

c)

require plenty of sunlight to make their own food

d)

can grow even in areas with shallow soil

70.

What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?

a)

primary succession

b)

ecological succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

intermediate species

71.

What is the role of the pioneer species in Primary Succession?

a)

To kill any remaining organisms from before the disturbance

b)

To break down rock and rebuild soil

c)

To provide food for large animals

d)

To put fresh oxygen into the air

72.
What is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
volunteer species
c)
founder species
d)
conqueror species
73.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

a)

Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees

b)

Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses

c)

Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees

d)

Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

74.

What is the correct order in this pond succession? (YOUNGEST to OLDEST)

a)

A, B, C, D

b)

D, C, B, A

c)

B, A, D, C

d)

C, D, A, B

75.

The forest in panel #8 is a...

a)

pioneer species

b)

climax community

c)

tertiary community

d)

intermediate species

76.

Starts with BARE ROCK followed by lichen

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

c)

both types of succession

77.

Which is an example of a climax community in this image?

a)

The empty pond

b)

The shallow pond/marsh

c)

The meadow/field

d)

The forest with the deer

78.

Which of these is an example of a climax community?

a)
b)
c)
d)
79.
What catastrophic event results in destruction along a narrow path?
a)
a volcanic eruption
b)
a tsunami
c)
a hurricane
d)
a tornado
80.
What causes damage in a hurricane?
a)
Winds
b)
Flooding
c)
Storm Surge
d)
All of the above
81.

What catastrophic event could cause contaminated water?

a)

Tornado

b)

Flood

c)

Forest Fire

d)

Volcanic Eruption

82.

What catastrophic events adds nutrients back to the soil?

a)

Tornado

b)

hurricane

c)

Flood

d)

Forest Fire

83.
Which natural disaster can be caused by lightning? 
a)
Tornado
b)
Volcano
c)
Wildfire
d)
Earthquake
84.
Which type of natural disaster caused this damage?
a)
Flood
b)
Volcano eruption
c)
Drought
d)
Flooding
85.
Which of the following would have a negative impact on an ecosystem
a)
constructing highways
b)
planting trees
c)
recycling paper
86.

When two or more organisms need the same resource, it results in

a)

sharing

b)

more of that resource

c)

competition

87.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Exfoliation

88.

The process by which rock and soil are moved from one place to another is called-

a)

Chemical weatherin

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deosition

89.

This type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Mechanical weathering

d)

Deposition

90.

What do we call the process in which rock is broken down by changes in its chemical makeup.

a)

Chemical weathering

b)

Mechanical weathering

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

91.

Over millions of years, the shape of mountains on Earth's surface can change to low hills and then rolling plains. These changes are most likely caused by-

a)

Folding and faulting

b)

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

c)

Human activity

d)

Weathering and Erosion

92.

Which of the following agents is the usually responsible for the formation of canyons?

a)

Gravity pulling

b)

Wind blowing

c)

Flowing water

d)

Glaciers moving

93.

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

a)

Erosion breaks down the rocks, and weathering carries the broken pieces away.

b)

Erosion carries broken pieces away, and weathering builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

c)

Weathering carries broken pieces away, and erosion builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

d)

Weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion carries the broken pieces away.

94.

_____________ is the dropping off/ depositing of rocks.

a)

Metamorphosis

b)

Deposition

c)

Weathering

d)

Erosion

95.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main factors that cause Weathering?

a)

plant roots

b)

Fast flowing lotic water

c)

cycle of water freezing and melting in cracks

d)

gravity

96.

Which of these is an example of erosion?

a)

light shining onto a mountain

b)

wind blowing away sediment

c)

rain breaking down rock

d)

all options are correct

97.

All bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above ground

a)

Groundwater

b)

Surface water

c)

Runoff

d)

Swimming pool

98.
___________________ washes agricultural wastes, including animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesticides, into bodies of water, causing algae to grow.
a)
Runoff
b)
Peak flow
c)
Groundwater
d)
Municipal sewage
99.
Wastes produced by agriculture, households, industry, mining, and other human activities can end up in ______________.
a)
groundwater
b)
streams and rivers
c)
oceans
d)
All of these choices
100.
An area of permeable layer of rock or soil that holds a large amount of water in the saturated zone is called what?
a)
Aquifer
b)
Spring
c)
Well
d)
Reservoir
101.
The water that fills lakes and rivers
a)
groundwater
b)
surface water
c)
water table
d)
saturated zone
102.
Water stored  in cracks and pores below the Earth's surface is called:
a)
Groundwater
b)
Bogs
c)
Water in the ground
d)
surface water
103.
Suppose there is a drought in this area. The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here?
a)
The river will immediately rise again.
b)
The water table will rise. 
c)
The water table will fall. 
d)
A new aquifer will form.
104.
Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable
c)
Solid
d)
Soft
105.
What is an area of higher elevation that separates watersheds?
a)
Estuary
b)
Divide
c)
Wetland
d)
Transition zones
106.
The top of the groundwater’s zone of saturation - E
a)
Zone of Aeration
b)
Aquifer
c)
Surface water
d)
Water table
107.

Where does the red tail hawk directly get his energy from?

a)

Hare (rabbit)

b)

Red Fox

c)

Lynx

d)

White Spruce

108.

Which Texas ecoregion would most likely have the most evidence of erosion by water?

a)

Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes

b)

Plains

c)

Prairies

d)

Plateau & Desert/Montane

109.

Texas ecoregions are constantly changing due to natural and human impacts. What characteristic, we have studied, can increase an ecosystem's ability to withstand change?

a)

Survival of the Fittest

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Natural Selection

d)

Biodiversity

110.

Weathering can have which of the following effects in Texas?

a)

Sediment reaching the coast

b)

Building of mountains in west Texas

c)

Breaking down of rocks such as at Enchanted Rock

d)

All the above

111.

Deposition can have which of the following effects in Texas?

a)

Rounding or sharpening of rocks

b)

Forming of sand dunes at the coast

c)

Breaking down of rocks such as at Enchanted Rock

d)

All the above

112.

In the Plains, droughts reduce the amount of plants causing erosion from _____ to be worse.

a)

wind

b)

rain

c)

ice

d)

gravity

113.
Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers is called?
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Deposition
114.
What forms both valleys and canyons?
a)
glaciers
b)
rivers
c)
wind
d)
tides
115.
This is a picture of the __________ ecoregion
a)
Hill country/Edwards Plateau
b)

Trans Pecos/Chihuahuan Desert
Trans Pecos/Cg

hihuahuan Desert

c)
High Plains
d)
Piney Woods

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