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DNA Replication, Repair and Mutations

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
2.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
3.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
4.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
5.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
6.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
7.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
8.

Enzyme that breaks apart the hydrogen bonds holding base pairs to one another

a)
ligase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
primase
d)
helicase
9.
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
ligase
c)
helicase
d)
primase
10.
synthesizes a short fragment of RNA that allows DNA polymerase III to bind
a)
ligase
b)
DNA polymerase I
c)
primase
d)
helicase
11.
removes the RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides to fill in the gap
a)
DNA polymerase III
b)
ligase
c)
primase
d)
DNA polymerase I
12.
If a DNA molecule is 18% Guanine which of the following is correct
a)
18% cytosine, 32% adenine, 32% thymine
b)
32% cytosine, 18% adenine, 32% thymine
c)
18% cytosine, 64% adenine, 64% thymine
d)
32% cytosine, 32% adenine, 18% thymine
13.

The point where separation of the DNA occurs is called the replication fork.

a)

True that it is True

b)

True that it is False

14.

Complementary base pairs are held together by

a)

hydrogen bonds

b)

covalent bonds

c)

ionic bonds

d)

amine bonds

15.

The enzyme represented by number 1 is

a)

Helicase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

16.

The enzyme represented by number 2 is

a)

Helicase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

17.

The enzyme represented by number 3 is

a)

Helicase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

18.

The enzyme represented by number 5 is

a)

Helicase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

19.

Number 4, which is created by number 5, is known as the

a)

Lagging strand

b)

Leading strand

c)

Primer

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

20.

Number 6, which is a large chunk of DNA nucleotides, is known as the

a)

Lagging strand

b)

Leading strand

c)

Primer

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

21.

Number 7 is the strand that is created directly behind the replication fork (1st)

a)

Lagging strand

b)

Leading strand

c)

Primer

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

22.

Number 8 is the strand that is created in the opposite direction of the replication fork and will have large chunks of nucleotides glued down to speed up completion

a)

Lagging strand

b)

Leading strand

c)

Primer

d)

Primase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

23.
If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine, what is the correct percentage of Guanine?
a)
30
b)
15
c)
20
d)
60
24.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
25.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
26.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
27.
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from...
a)
the attraction of phosphate groups 
b)
strong bonds between  bases and sugars
c)
carbon to carbon bonds in the sugar
d)
weak hydrogen bonds between the bases
28.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
29.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
30.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
31.
Describes the twisted ladder-like shape of a DNA molecule
a)
Nitrogen Base
b)
Hexagon
c)
Double Helix
32.
Which component of DNA specifies the traits of an organism?
a)
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
phosphate groups
d)
nitrogenous base pairs
33.
After analyzing a sample of DNA, a scientist recorded the data shown in the table. What percentage of the DNA sample is cytosine?
a)
22%
b)
25%
c)
28%
d)
56%
34.
The nucleic acid DNA is composed of
a)
sugar, protein, and nitrogenous bases.
b)
protein, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate.
c)
nitrogenous bases, phosphate, and RNA.
d)
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
35.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
36.

The fragments on the lagging strand that are made up of repeating segments of DNA and RNA Primers

a)

okazaki fragments

b)

Primase

c)

Polymerase

d)

unused DNA

37.

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule

a)

Bonding

b)

Alternating

c)

Anitparallel

d)

Parallel

38.

DNA polymerase moves in the _________ to ____________ direction

a)

3' to 5'

b)

easiest

c)

5" to 3"

d)

9 to 5

39.

Enzyme that connects the DNA to the backbone (glues)

a)

Ligase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Primase

40.

Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds (unzips)

a)

Ligase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Primase

d)

Helicase

41.

The new DNA strand formed after DNA replication is an exact copy of its parent strand

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Site where replication begins

a)

Polymerase action site

b)

Replication fork

c)

Replication Origin

d)

In the front

43.

Proteins that DNA winds itself around to for Chromosomes

a)

Histone

b)

Double Helix

c)

Chromatin

d)

Chromatin

44.

Number 1 in the picture above

a)

Replication

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Primase

d)

Ligase

45.

#3 setting Primers

a)

Ligase

b)

Helicase

c)

Polymerase

d)

Primase

46.

Right Hand Side

a)

Lagging strand

b)

Leading Strand

47.
This type of substitution codes for a stop codon
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
48.
If you are missing or have an extra base  at the end of your mutated DNA . What type of mutation occurred?
a)
Substitution
b)
Frameshift
c)
Duplication 
d)
Insertion
49.
A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called 
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
50.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
51.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
52.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
53.
What is a Gene?
a)
A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
b)
A chromosome
c)
A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
d)
Your genome
54.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
55.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
56.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
57.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
58.
Original: A A U U G G C C
Mutated: A U U U G G C C
What kind of mutation occurred?
a)
Substitution
b)
Addition
c)
Deletion
d)
Frameshift
59.
A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.
a)
Addition, division
b)
Deletion, substitution
c)
Addition, substitution
d)
Addition, deletion
60.

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

a)

Frameshift

b)

Silent

c)

Point

61.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
62.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
63.
What do helpful mutations do? 
a)
Increases chances of survival 
b)
Decreases changes of survival 
c)
Increases chances of developing cancer
d)
Decreases skills
64.

This type of mutation in DNA alters just one base in a DNA sequence

a)

point mutation

b)

translocation

c)

inversion

d)

trisomy

65.

In this type of point mutation, one nitrogen base is exchanged for another, different base

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

66.

The bottom DNA sequence in the image has been altered by this type of mutation

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

67.

When a single base pair needs to be repaired.

a)

base excision repair

b)

nucleotide excision repair

c)

mismatch mediated repair

d)

homologous recombination

68.

Thymine dimers can be repaired by

a)

base excision repair

b)

nucleotide excision repair

c)

mismatch mediated repair

d)

homologous recombination

69.

When A is paired to C instead of T, this mechanism can repair the sequence

a)

base excision repair

b)

nucleotide excision repair

c)

mismatch mediated repair

d)

homologous recombination

70.

Which mismatch would likely result in a permanent damage of DNA?

a)

A-C pair before replication

b)

A-C pair after replication

c)

A-T pair before replication

d)

A-T pair after replication

71.

What kind of mutation is occurring here?

a)

missense

b)

mismatch

c)

silent

d)

frameshift

72.
a)

insertion

b)

nonsense

c)

missense

d)

silent

73.
a)

deletion

b)

nonsense

c)

missense

d)

silent

74.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
75.
Which do DNA and RNA have in common?
a)
Both are double stranded.
b)
Both contain ribose molecules.
c)
Both contain phosphate groups.
d)
Both contain uracil.
76.
What is the complimentary mRNA sequence to the DNA sequence A-T-T-G-C-A.
a)
T-A-A-C-G-T
b)
U-A-A-C-G-T
c)
U-A-A-C-G-U
d)
T-A-A-G-C-U
77.
DNA is often considered the "______________" of life.
a)
Blueprint
b)
Mistake
c)
Swimming Pool
d)
Smelly Cheese
78.
In RNA, the nitrogen base____ replaces ____ that was present in DNA. 
a)
A, U (adenine, uracil)
b)
C, G (cytosine, guanine)
c)
U, T (uracil, thymine)
d)
U, A (uracil, adenine)
79.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from 
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein

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