The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?

A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.

In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise.

Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

Which table shows two steps of DNA replications?

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

In DNA, adenine pairs with _______, while guanine pairs with _______.

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?

Which nitrogen base does RNA have instead of thymine?

The process in which a section of DNA is used to produce a copy of mRNA is called:

What is the funtion of tRNA?

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

What is the process shown in the diagram?

Trisomy 21 is also known as:

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box.

Mice have two unlinked allele pairs that affect fur color. The table shows how allele pairs affect fur color. The term “agouti” describes fur with pigmentation that changes in each hair from the shaft to the tip, giving the fur a banded appearance. Mice with the aa allele pair are albino, regardless of the second allele-pair combination.

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

In cattle the allele for cloven hooves (H) is dominant over the allele for mule-foot hooves (h). The phenotype for each trait is shown in this picture.

A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states.

Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?

The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process.

Which statement best explains the function of the vesticles

A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits.

Which statement describes what will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the predator?

A dichotomous key for identifying fish is shown.

The aye-aye lemur is a mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. The aye-aye lemur has a specialized middle finger that is long and thin. The aye-aye lemur moves along a tree branch and taps the branch with its specialized finger. When the aye-aye lemur hears a difference in the echo, it will tear open the bark with its teeth until the insect tunnel is exposed. The aye-aye lemur then uses its specialized finger to reach the insect larvae and remove it.

The ___________ record provides evidence for evolution by showing how species have changed over time.

A ___________ structure in two different species has the same developmental and evolutionary history, but serves different functions in the two species.

_________ structures had an ancestral use, but serve no function now.

Which description BEST describes gradualism?

Which term best describes punctuated equilibrium?

This type of selection is due to selective breeding by humans.

The endosymbiotic theory states that eukaryotic cells evolved from smaller prokaryotes living inside and coevolving with larger prokaryotes.

A eukaryotic, multicellular autotroph would be part of kingdom ______________

Archaebacteria are unicellular prokaryotes that live in ____________ environments.

Based on the DNA sequences shown, the unknown species is most closely related to ________.

Based on the map shown, which organisms are more closely related?

Which beetles are more fit for the environment?

Based on the cladogram, the chimp will be more closely related to the _________.

Based on the dichotomous key, which organism is purple and has a pointy hump?

Which organisms belong to the kingdom bacteria?

Which biomolecule helps form muscles?

How does most of the water needed by the plant get into its leaves?

A small town in the piney woods of East Texas has a soccer field composed of native grasses. The soccer field is mowed once a week.

What effect does continual mowing have on the ecology of the field?

Scientists have observed many types of tropical fish moving beyond their traditional ocean ranges into waters that have historically been more temperate. These fish compete for food with native fish, consuming much from the kelp forests and beds of sea grass.

The expansion of the ranges of tropical fish was most likely caused by —

In North American forests, two species of birds, nuthatches and brown creepers, forage on the same trees for insects. Brown creepers feed on insects found near the bottom of the tree trunk, while nuthatches feed on insects in the top part of the tree.

The difference in foraging behavior most likely affects the nuthatches and brown creepers by —

Approximately what percentage of energy is passed on to the next higher level in an energy pyramid?

Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

The San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, is a light reddish-brown translucent salamander about 2–5 cm in length. E. nana is found only in Spring Lake and a portion of the San Marcos River.

Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?

A biomass pyramid of an ecosystem is shown.

The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spends most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin.

As part of the nitrogen cycle, animals acquire some amino acids by doing which of the following?

In recent years humans have interfered with the natural balance within deer populations in various ecosystems. The interference includes eliminating predators of the deer. Which of the following statements correctly describes the long-term outcome of this interference?

The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.

Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram?

Scientists estimate that there are more than 20,000 species of ants. The species range in size from 1 mm long to 38 mm long and live in most environments. The diets of ants range from flowers and seeds to fluids from their own larvae. Ants have been able to successfully inhabit so many different environments because their populations have been able to --

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

When a person is suddenly cut by a sharp object, a nervous impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The impulse is immediately transmitted through motor neurons to produce a response. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes this response?

The energy pyramid shows the energy made available by producers. (View Image)

Base on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used the eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. (View Image)

Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. (View Image)

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

The complex carbohydrates pictured (View Image) are made by linking molecules of glucose.

In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely --

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box. (View Image)

Which statements best describe these relationships?