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Biology STAAR EOC Review

Total questions: 166

Worksheet time: 2hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
When is DNA replicated during the cell cycle?
a)
During the G1 phase
b)
During the G2 phase 
c)
During the S phase
d)
 During the M phase
2.
What best describes the genetic material shown in photograph E.
a)
The chromosomes are in anaphase
b)
The chromosomes are in metaphase 
c)
DNA is possibly being replicated
d)
The genetic material is around the poles and cytokinesis is occurring 
3.
Which is a characteristic of cancer?
a)
rapid and uncontrolled cell growth
b)
 cell growth delayed at the G1 checkpoint. 
c)
cell growth delayed at the G2 checkpoint. 
d)
damage to a cell’s cytoplasm
4.
 Which sequence depicts the correct order of protein synthesis within a cell? 
a)
DNA → mRNA → amino acids → proteins
b)
DNA → amino acids → mRNA → proteins
c)
 DNA → mRNA → proteins → amino acids
d)
DNA → proteins → amino acids → mRNA
5.
Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilled water and some in very salty water. The cells in the apple pieces will…
a)
Lose water in both solutions
b)
Gain water in both solutions
c)
Lose water in the distilled water and gain water in the salty water
d)
Gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water
6.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
7.
Which statement describes the components that make up the genetic code of all organisms?
a)
The components are unique in every kind of organisms
b)
the components are the same for all organisms
c)
the components are the same only for unicellular organisms
d)
the components are unique in all kinds of organisms that reproduce sexually
8.
The diagram shows the base sequence of a strand of DNA.
From left to right, what is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA in this molecule?
a)
T G A A C
b)
A C T  T G
c)
T G U U C
d)
U C T T G
9.
what are the reactants for cellular respiration?
a)
H2O and O2
b)
glucose and O2
c)
glucose and CO2
d)
H2O and CO2
10.
In Texas, longhorn cattle eat grass. People eat the cattle. What can you construct from this information?
a)
a community
b)
an ecosystem
c)
a food web
d)
a food chain
11.
The genetic variation that leads to evolution can occur when genes from one population are introduced into the gene pool of a different population.  This process is known as
a)
mutation
b)
crossing over
c)
natural selection
d)
gene flow
12.
The legs of crocodiles and mice have similar bone structures and develop in a similar way.  What type of structures are the leg bones?
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
fossilized structures
d)
vestigial structures
13.
The food web shows the flow of energy through a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem.
Which of these organisms are in a trophic level that receives a larger percentage of the energy captures by the producers than the percentage received at the bats' trophic level?
a)
Mountain lions
b)
Snakes
c)
Hawks
d)
Ground squirrels
14.
Which is the most closely related to the bumble bee, Bombus pennsylvanicus?
a)
Ammophila procera 
b)
Melissodes bimaculata 
c)
Bombus bimaculatus
d)
Ceratina calcerata
15.
Which of the following represents the levels of organization from least complex to most complex?   →
a)
Cellular → organ → tissue  →system
b)
System  →cellular → tissue  →organ 
c)
Cellular  →tissue → organ  →system 
d)
Tissue  →cellular → organ  →system
16.
A cross section of rock layers is shown below.   Which fossil is found in the oldest layer? 
a)
dinosaur
b)
fish
c)
shel
d)
leaf
17.
 Why do structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations of individuals become more common each generation?  
a)
Individuals with those adaptations do not breed frequently
b)
More offspring with those adaptations survive and reproduce 
c)
Well-adapted individuals rarely survive
d)
The alleles responsible for those adaptations increase or decrease randomly 
18.
 Which statement about translation is correct?
a)
Amino acids are assembled into a protein on the ribosome
b)
Ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA form base pairs
c)
Messenger RNA is made from DNA
d)
Transfer RNA contains the genetic code copied from DNA
19.
 A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop lung cancer cells from dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is successful?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
binary fission
d)
genetic recombination
20.
 Specialized cells in the humans undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called?
a)
binary fission
b)
meiosis
c)
fertilization
d)
enzyme regulation
21.
Autotroph or heterotroph?
a)
Autotroph
b)
Heterotroph
22.
Autotroph or heterotroph?
a)
Autotroph
b)
Heterotroph
23.
The picture below is an example of _________________.
a)
osmosis
b)
isotonic
c)
diffusion
d)
active transport
24.
This picture represents which type of cellular transport?
a)
passive transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
25.
Which is true about active transport?
a)
It requires energy
b)
it does not require energy
c)
It moves substances down the concentration gradient
d)
it moves material from high to low concentration
26.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
27.
Which amino acid sequence would be produced from the DNA segment TAC GAT?
a)
Methionine-Leucine
b)
Lysine-Glutamine
c)
Leucine-Leucine
d)
Isoleucine-Valine
28.
During DNA replication, a mutation occurred and changed the base sequence
ACT GCT TGA CGA
to
ACT GCT TAC GA
Which mutation most likely occurred? 
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
inversion
d)
translocation
29.
Any variation that can help a species survive in a given environment is called...
a)
an adapatation
b)
a characteristic
c)
a homologous structure
d)
a vestigial structure
30.
The ability to survive and reproduce.
a)
Adaptation
b)
Trait
c)
Fitness
d)
Variation
31.
Polar bears swim across large expanses of ocean while hunting for seals, their main source of food. The bears use the ice as resting spots during long swims. However, the sea ice is rapidly melting as a result of global warming. Which statement describes what MOST LIKELY will happen as global warming continues?
a)
Polar bear and seal populations will decrease
b)
Polar bear population will decrease and seal population increase
c)
Polar bear population will increase and seal population will decrease
d)
Polar bear populations will decrease, seal populations will not change
32.
The differences in the species seen in the diagram are most likely a result of ____. 
a)
Length of mating season
b)
Population size 
c)
Color of feathers 
d)
Available food sources
33.
Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC?
a)
Leucine
b)
Glycine
c)
Valine
d)
Histidine
34.
Which biomolecule is the key source of energy?
a)
Lipid
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
35.
What is the functions of lipids?
a)
Quick source of energy
b)
Builds muscles, skin, enzymes
c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Stores energy, insulation, protection
36.
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)
a)
change
b)
adaption
c)
species
d)
variation
37.
a measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the 
a)
gene pool
b)
allele frequency
c)
mutation rate
d)
phenotype
38.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog
39.
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce:
a)
Fewer mutations
b)
Stronger genes
c)
More offspring
d)
Better traits
40.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
41.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
42.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
43.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
44.
How do adaptations help organisms?
a)
they don't
b)
they help  them to survive and reproduce
c)
they help them look cool
d)
they are  good for the environment
45.
Which symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?
a)
predation
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
d)
commensalism
46.
Which symbiotic relationship benefits one and harms the other?
a)
predation
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
d)
commensalism
47.
Which symbiotic relationship benefits one and does not affect the other?
a)
predation
b)
parasitism
c)
mutualism
d)
commensalism
48.
Which DNA base pairs with adenine?
a)
thymine
b)
guanine
c)
cytosine
d)
uracil
49.
Which DNA base pairs with guanine?
a)
thymine
b)
guanine
c)
cytosine
d)
uracil
50.
Why do  scientists use a standardized taxonomic system?
a)
because it's lit
b)
to avoid confusion when identifying organisms
c)
using Latin is important to scientists
d)
to place them in  different groups
51.
How do cancerous tumors form?
a)
they only form in labs
b)
unregulated mitosis (cell division)
c)
from viruses
d)
from bacterial infections
52.
How do we explain the tendency of plants to sometimes move?
a)
plants are mobile
b)
it is due to sounds
c)
plants can move in response to stimuli lilke touch, gravity, and water
d)
plants never move
53.

What are two ways we increase carbon in the atmosphere?

a)

soil bacteria can fix nitrogen in the soil and lightning can fix nitrogen and then rain water carries it to the soil

b)

respiration and photosynthesis

c)

burning fossil fuels and deforestation

d)

volcanic eruptions and increasing fertilizers

54.
What are two ways we increase can transfer nitrogen into the soil from the atomosphere?
a)
soil bacteria can fix nitrogen in the soil and lightning can fix nitrogen and then rain water carries it to the soil
b)
respiration and photosynthesis
c)
burning fossil  fuels and deforestation
d)
volcanic eruptions and increasing fertilizers
55.
In genetics, what type of allele will always mask the recessive allele when present?
a)
recessive
b)
Mendel's allele
c)
dominant
d)
groovy
56.
Why do scientists examine DNA?
a)
they examine DNA at crime scenes to determine if DNA found matches DNA of a suspect
b)
to determine relationships among organisms
c)
to identify chromosomal disorders
d)
all of the above
57.
What is a gamete?
a)
red blood cell
b)
white blood cell
c)
sex cell (sperm or egg)
d)
skin cell
58.
What can cause disruptions to an ecosystem?
a)
volcanic eruption
b)
forest fire
c)
introduction of non-native species
d)
all of the above
59.

What can be used for evidence for evolution (common ancestry)?

a)

the fossil record

b)

homologous structures (comparing structures)

c)

DNA comparisons

d)

all of the above

60.
In biology, the reason why molecules and cells have different structures is because they have different ___________.
a)
meanings
b)
functions
c)
names
d)
reasons
61.
How do enyzmes work?
a)
they speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy required to start reaction
b)
all make ATP energy
c)
all make glucose
d)
all of them break down food
62.
Which are a characteristics of a viruses?
a)
non-living, with genetic material surrounded by a capsid
b)
living with no membrane bound organelles
c)
living with membrane bound organelles
d)
viruses don't exist
63.
Which are a characteristics of prokaryotic cells (bacteria)?
a)
non-living, with genetic material surrounded by a capsid
b)
living with no membrane bound organelles
c)
living with membrane bound organelles
d)
viruses don't exist
64.
Which are a characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
a)
non-living, with genetic material surrounded by a capsid
b)
living with no membrane bound organelles
c)
living with membrane bound organelles
d)
viruses don't exist
65.
How can a DNA mutation affect the protein?
a)
if it changes a amino acid
b)
it stops translation early
c)
it changes several amino acids
d)
all of the above
66.
In the cell cycle, why are chekpoints important?
a)
so cells with damaged DNA are removed to ensure only healthy daughter cells are produced
b)
so spindle fibers can pull apart chromosomes
c)
so cytokinesis can happen
d)
so the S phase can happen
67.
What are the male reprodutive parts of a flower and what is their function?
a)
anther and filament: produce pollen (sex cells)
b)
stigma, style, and ovary: egg production and embryo development
c)
sepal: photosynthesize sunlight into glucose
d)
flower: attract pollinators
68.
What are the female reprodutive parts of a flower and what is their function?
a)
anther and filament: produce pollen (sex cells)
b)
stigma, style, and ovary: egg production and embryo development
c)
sepal: photosynthesize sunlight into glucose
d)
flower: attract pollinators
69.
In this kingdom organisms are mostly nonmotile, eukaryotic, photosynthetic, and vascular with a wide variety of specialized tissues.
a)
Protista
b)
Fungi
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
70.
In this kingdom organisms are eukaryotic, mostly nonmotile, and are absorbitive heterotrophs.
a)
Protista
b)
Fungi
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
71.
In this kingdom organisms are eukaryotic, motile, ingestive heterotrophs.
a)
Protista
b)
Fungi
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
72.
In this kingdom organisms are eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, and can be motile or immotile.
a)
Protista
b)
Fungi
c)
Plantae
d)
Animalia
73.
Organisms in this kingdom are prokaryotic and live in extreme conditions.
a)
archaebacteria
b)
eubacteria
74.
Organisms in this kingdom are prokaryotic and can help in digestion or others can make you sick.
a)
archaebacteria
b)
eubacteria
75.
What is the main function  of the circluatory system?
a)
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
breaks down food into nutrients and wastes
c)
filters blood and removes liquid wastes
d)
transports nutrients and wastes
76.
What is the main function  of the respiratory system?
a)
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
breaks down food into nutrients and wastes
c)
filters blood and removes liquid wastes
d)
transports nutrients and wastes
77.
What is the main function  of the digestive system?
a)
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
breaks down food into nutrients and wastes
c)
filters blood and removes liquid wastes
d)
transports nutrients and wastes
78.
What is the main function  of the muscular system?
a)
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
to move the body and move thing in the body
c)
filters blood and removes liquid wastes
d)
transports nutrients and wastes
79.
What is the main function  of the excretory system?
a)
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
breaks down food into nutrients and wastes
c)
filters blood and removes liquid wastes
d)
transports nutrients and wastes
80.
Why is it important for the cell to transport molecules across the cell membrane?
a)
It is not important
b)
for the synthesis of new molecules
c)
for the cell to maintain homeostasis
d)
energy conversions
81.
What are nitrogen bases on DNA code for?
a)
it determines how much sugar and phosphate there is.
b)
sometimes uracil is a nitrogen base on DNA
c)
amino acids and proteins
d)
Latin
82.
What is the main function of the immune system?
a)
regulates functions through hormone production
b)
fights disease
c)
produce offspring
d)
support and protection
83.
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
a)
regulates functions through hormone production
b)
fights disease
c)
produce offspring
d)
support and protection
84.
What is the main function of the reproductive system?
a)
regulates functions through hormone production
b)
fights disease
c)
produce offspring
d)
support and protection
85.
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
a)
regulates functions through hormone production
b)
fights disease
c)
produce offspring
d)
support and protection
86.
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
a)
regulates functions through hormone production
b)
barrier to protect the body from the outside world; retain body fluids, protect from disease
c)
produce offspring
d)
support and protection
87.
Which correctly lists the phases of mitosis?
a)
Prophase - prepare, metaphase - chromosomes align in the middle, anaphase - spindle fibers separate chromosomes, telophase - two nuclei develop
b)
metaphase - two nuclei develop, telophase - prepare, anaphase - chromosomes align  in the middle, prophase - spindle fibers separate chromosomes
88.
What enables cell to become specialized?
a)
DNA mutations
b)
mitosis
c)
cell differentition as a result  of gene expression
89.
What is this process and what is the product of it?
a)
translation, protein
b)
transcription, mRNA
c)
replication, DNA
d)
respiration, ATP
90.

What is this process and what is the product of it?

a)

translation, (chain of amino acids) protein

b)

transcription, mRNA

c)

replication, DNA

d)

respiration, ATP

91.
How can bacteria  be beneficial to humans?
a)
It can't, bacteria always makes you  sick
b)
some bacteria can enhance digestion
c)
they fight viruses
d)
they out compete all other microorganisms
92.
What is the process of making gametes called?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
93.

During meiosis, chromosomes exchange genetic material during a process called crossing over? What is the significance of crosssing over?

a)

allows there to be half the number of chromosomes

b)

increases genetic variation

c)

eliminates mutations

d)

allows there to be twice the number of chromosomes

94.
Which molecule transports genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
ATP
d)
adenine
95.
What molecule is shown here?
a)
DNA 
b)
mRNA
c)
ATP
d)
protein
96.
Which are elements of natural selection?
a)
over production: the ability to produce more offspring than can survive
b)
variation
c)
finite supply of environmental resources
d)
all of the above
97.

Which process produces ATP, carbon dioxide and water?

a)

Fermentation

b)

Protein Synthesis

c)

Cellular Respiration

d)

Photosynthesis

98.

Which process produces glucose and oxygen?

a)

Anaerobic Respiration

b)

Protein Synthesis

c)

Aerobic Respiration

d)

Photosynthesis

99.

What are three nitrogen bases grouped together that are code for an amino acid called?

a)

protein

b)

codon

c)

adenine

d)

guanine

100.

What is osmosis?

a)

The movement of oxygen from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

b)

The movement of water from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

c)

The movement of carbon dioxide from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

d)

The movement of sodium from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration

101.

What are the first species in an ecosystem that break down bare rock?

a)

grasses

b)

shrubs

c)

trees

d)

lichens

102.

evidence of evolution in which body features of different organisms are similar in structure but different in function

a)

vestigal structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

analogous structures

d)

biochemical similarities

103.

genotype made up of one dominant and one recessive allele

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

cringey

d)

extra

104.

genotype made up of both of the same allele (both dominant or both recessive)

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

legit

d)

lit

105.

Why are the biomolecules important to organisms?

a)

They are magical molecules man

b)

They aren't important

c)

They contain all the materials needed by organisms for life processes

d)

They contain some of the materials needed by organisms for life processes

106.

What are the functions of proteins?

a)

They play many critical roles in the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

b)

They provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and operation of the organs.

c)

They store energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.

d)

They make up genetic information in living things.

107.

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

a)

They play many critical roles in the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

b)

They provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and operation of the organs.

c)

They store energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.

d)

They make up genetic information in living things.

108.

What are the functions of lipids?

a)

They play many critical roles in the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

b)

They provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and operation of the organs.

c)

They store energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.

d)

They make up genetic information in living things.

109.

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

a)

They play many critical roles in the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

b)

They provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and operation of the organs.

c)

They store energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.

d)

They make up genetic information in living things.

110.

What elements are in all biomolecules?

a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine

b)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

c)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

d)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

111.

What elements are in proteins and nucleic acids only?

a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine

b)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

c)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

d)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

112.

What elements are in nucleic acids?

a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine

b)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

c)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

d)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

113.

What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?

a)

nutrients from the soil

b)

living space for the organisms

c)

food sources

d)

heat

114.

Based on this model, how much of the energy was provided to secondary consumer?

a)

53,460 J

b)

5,400 J

c)

540 J

d)

54 J

115.

Which theory is represented in this diagram?

a)

The theory that all living organisms are made of cells

b)

The theory that all living organisms share the same basic genetic components

c)

The theory that organisms function best when their internal conditions are maintained within narrow limits

d)

The theory that complex cells evolved after primitive cells engulfed bacterial cells that continued functioning

116.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the long-term outcome of humans eliminating natural predators of deer from an ecosytem?

a)

The deer that are the fastest and most agile will survive and reproduce.

b)

The deer population will be too lare to be supported by producers.

c)

Other browsing species will thrive and outcompete the deer.

d)

The deer will evolve into human-like creatures where they will be able to walk upright on two legs, talk, and drive cars. Whoa man, this would be awesome ;)

117.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
118.
What is the capsid of a virus?
a)
the disease it causes
b)
the receptors to which it binds
c)
the genetic material
d)
its protein coat
119.
Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
120.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
121.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
122.
This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
123.
Which of these substances stores and transmits the information that specifies the traits of an organism?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
enzymes
d)
carbohydrates
124.
A strand of DNA with the sequence A-C-T-T-G serves as a template to form a strand of mRNA with the sequence U-G-A-A-C.  During which process would this happen?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
d)
meiosis
125.
The diagram summarizes two stages in the production of the specialized cells used for sexual reproduction.
What happens in the stage labeled "process 2"?
a)
The chromosomes cross over.
b)
Th chromosomes number is reduced by half.
c)
The chromosomes move to opposite end of the cell.
d)
Four identical gametes form.
126.
Proteins are formed in the cytoplasm of cell using genetic instructions from DNA, which is located in the cells nucleus.  Which of the following best explains how the genetic information gets to the site of protein synthesis?
a)
DNA is divided during mitosis, and one strand travels outside the nucleus to bind with RNA and form a protein
b)
DNA is copied to make mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes, where the information is used to guide protein synthesis.
c)
Genetic information travels from DNA in the nucleus along a strand of mRNA that is connected to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
d)
The genetic code is transferred to ribosomes on tRNA molecules, which can pass through the nuclear membrane.
127.
The diagram shows the base sequence of a strand of DNA.
From left to right, what is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA in this molecule?
a)
T G A A C
b)
A C T  T G
c)
T G U U C
d)
U C T T G
128.
The table shows several DNA codons and their corresponding amino acids.
If a sequence of DNA reads AGTGGGTCT, for what sequence of amino acids does it code?
a)
arginine-glycine-serine
b)
serine-arginine-arginine
c)
serine-arginine-glycine
d)
serine-glycine-serine
129.

An organism that can make it's own food (autotroph)


Ex) green plants, phytoplankton, algae

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Predator

d)

Heterotroph

130.

An organism that eats other organisms for food (heterotroph)


Ex) Cows, insects, humans

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Autotroph

d)

Parasite

131.

Organism that breaks down dead organisms


Ex) Fungi, bacteria, dung beetles

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Scavenger

d)

Decomposer

132.

An organism that kills and eats other animals for food

a)

Producer

b)

Predator

c)

Scavenger

d)

Prey

133.

An animal that a predator feeds upon

a)

Prey

b)

Carrion

c)

Host

d)

Producer

134.

Cell organelle that provides structure and support for PLANT cells only

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Cytoplasm

135.

Cell organelle that controls what enters or leaves the cell

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Vacuole

d)

Nucleus

136.

Cell organelle that stores food and water for the cell

a)

Vacuole

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Mitochondria

137.

Cell organelle that is the 'control center' of a cell that tells it what to do

(Contains DNA called chromatin)

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplasts

138.

The jelly-like fluid substance that helps move nutrients around the cell

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Vacuole

139.

Cell organelle that changes sunlight into usable energy for a PLANT through a process called photosynthesis

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleus

d)

Cytoplasm

140.

Cell organelle that is considered the 'Powerhouse' of the cell. (Provides energy)

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleus

141.

• Requires two parents to combine genetic material to produce a new offspring

• Offspring are genetically unique/different

Ex) Humans

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

142.

• Requires only one parent

• Produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Ex) Hydra, Bacteria, Airplane plants

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

143.

Small organisms that are unicellular with NO NUCLEUS or membrane bound organelles


Ex) Bacteria

a)

Prokaryoytes

b)

Eukaryotes

144.

Multi-cellular organism with a 'true' nucleus and memebrane bound organelles

Ex) Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protista

a)

Prokaryotes

b)

Eukaryotes

145.
What does the peak of the dotted line represent?
a)
energy of the products
b)
reaction progress
c)
activation energy without a catalyst
d)
activation energy with a catalyst
146.
Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments.  Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
passive transport
147.
Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by living cells and viruses?
a)
the presence of carbohydrates
b)
the ability to reproduce
c)
the presence of the nucleic acid
d)
a cell membrane
148.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
149.
What disease is likely to result if a cell begins to reproduce abnormally?
a)
HIV
b)
influenza
c)
cancer
d)
Tay-Sachs disease
150.
Which statement about enzymes is true?
a)
Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
b)
Enzymes provide energy to activate a chemical reaction.
c)
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can combine.
d)
Enzymes increase the concentration of reactant particles.
151.
A compound is analyzed and found to have the chemical formula C6H12O6. What type of macro molecule is this substance?
a)
protein
b)
lipid
c)
carbohydrate
d)
nucleic acid
152.

The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process.


Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

a)

Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis

b)

Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells

c)

Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell

d)

Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell

153.

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH.


Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

a)

Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4

b)

Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6

c)

Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8

d)

Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10

154.

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

a)

Making energy available for cellular activities

b)

Creating bonds to form biomolecules

c)

Producing sugars that assist with replication

d)

Providing information to form proteins

155.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

a)

Metabolism

b)

Mitosis

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Homeostasis

156.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
157.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
158.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
159.
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Cell wall
c)
Diffusion
d)
Respiration
160.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
161.
In osmosis the water moves from____________ to __________.
a)
high to low
b)
low to high
162.
Does passive transport require energy?
a)
Yes
b)
No
163.
What kind of organic molecule is DNA?
a)
Protein
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid 
d)
Carbohydrate
164.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
165.
RNA is different from DNA in ___
a)
RNA is single stranded
b)
RNA has uracil 
c)
RNA has the sugar ribos
d)
All of these
166.
The process of making mRNA from DNA is called.
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Protein synthesis

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