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WorksheetsAP Bio Unit 7: Natural Selection Review
Total questions: 163
Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins
Large-brained female guppies will chose the more attractive male guppy. This process is
sexual selection
artificial selection
allele drift
frequency-dependent selection
Which of the following are adaptations?
an opposable thumb
stomata on the underside of leaves instead of top of leaf
refraining from handfeeding bears
all of these
Which of the following are abiotic factors?
sunlight, water and plants
plants and animals
sunlight, water and rocks
water, rocks and trees
A population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
has a large population size, selection, large population size, and absence of migration
has no net mutations, but selection, large population size and random mating
has migration, no selection, random mating, large population size, and no net mutations
has no net mutations, no selection, random mating, large population size and absence of migration
When a population exhibits Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
the genotype frequencies of a population do not change
the genotype frequencies of a population do change
the allele frequencies of a population do change
the frequency of migration and selection change
A population bottleneck is a type of
genetic drift and includes founder effect
allele drift and includes founder effect
genetic drift and allele drift
genetic drift and allele drift and can include founder effect
The sugar glider is native to Australia, while the Flying squirrel is native to North America. The best explanation for their similar appearance is
convergent evolution
common ancestor
divergent evolution
genetic drift
Fitness is an organism's capacity to
survive and mate
reproduce and mate
survive and reproduce
live a long time
Which of the following is a commensalistic relationship?
Birds eating insects stirred up by cattle
A flea living on a fox
A clownfish living in a sea anemone
A woolly bat sleeping in a pitcher plant
DNA's half-life is 521 years. After 2 half-lives (1042 years)
All the DNA will be gone
All of the genes will be gone
1/4 of the DNA will be gone
1/4 of the DNA will be intact
A gene pool includes
all copies of every allele at every locus in a member of the population
all copies of every allele at every locus in the whole population
all copies of every allele at every locus in every member of a species
all copies of every allele at one focus in every member of a population
Which structures include whale hindlegs and human tails?
vestigial structures
homologous structures
analogous structures
convergent structures
The diagram at right shows
a cladogram
3 Domains
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
All of these are true
The diagram at right shows
sister taxa but not polytomy
sister taxa and polytomy
neither sister taxa nor polytomy
only polytomy
The picture is showing an example of
allopatric
speciation
sympatric
speciation
postzygotic barriers
convergent evolution
What is a zygote?
A mutated egg cell
A fertilized egg that has just split into 2 new cells
A fertilized egg cell
A tissue
The pictures in the diagram are examples of
postzygotic barriers
prezygotic barriers
allopatric speciation
sympatric speciation
The picture shows an example of
adaptive radiation
convergent evolution
radiometric dating
vestigial structures
The Miller-Urey experiment contributed data to the idea of
biogenesis
abiogenesis
panspermia
Hardy-Weinberg equation
Which level does natural selection act on?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
What level does natural selection select?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
What level does natural selection cause change?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
An individual evolves to better match its environment.
True
False
What is a phenotype?
Genes
Physical Characteristics
What does natural selection MODIFY?
Genotype
Phenotype
What does natural selection act on?
Act on means that is selected for or against.
Genotype
Phenotype
Which of these structures demonstrate common ancestry?
Analogous structure
Convergent structure
Homologous structure
Nucleotide structure
Extant organisms are…
Ancestors
Current Living
Future Species
Which fossil is the oldest?
V
W
Y
Z
If looking for a recent ancestor of the fish, look at
V
X
Y
Z
If the half life of carbon-14 is 5,000 years, how long does it take for 25% of the carbon to be remaining? Note: I am rounding the half-life for easy math
2500
5000
7500
10000
How many half-lives to get to 1/32 of the original amount?
4
5
6
7
Vestigial structures show common ancestry…
True
False
Which is more accurate molecular data?
Amino acid sequence
Nucleotide sequence
Which two bears are most closely related?
Brown & Black
Brown & Polar
Black & Polar
Black & Panda
Which bear is the outgroup?
Black
Brown
Panda
Polar
What is more accurate to determine relatedness?
DNA
Protein
Why is DNA more accurate than proteins?
4 nucleotides make up DNA
20 amino acids make up protein
Introns are removed from mRNA before making protein
Silent mutations change DNA without change in protein
What type of rock are fossils found in?
Flintstone
Granite
Igneous
Sedimentary
How much of a 200 g sample is remaining after 5 half-lives?
3.125
6.25
25
40
How much time passed if 12.5 g of 100 g sample has decayed if the half-life is 3 years?
3
6
9
12
What fossil layer is the oldest?
Deepest
Middle Rock
Surface Layer
Unable to determine due to natural turn over each season
When comparing protein sequences…
Two organisms with the greatest differences are more closely related
Two organisms with the least differences are more closely related
Homologous structures
Show common descent
Show a convergent event
Are structures that are similar due to similar environments
Are structures that are different due to similar environments
Analogous structures
Show common descent
Show convergent evolution
Shares an ancestral trait
Shares the same body structure
Sugar Glider vs Flying Squirrel
Analogous structure
Embryological structure
Homologous structure
Vestigial structure
Convergent evolution shows common ancestry
True
False
Eukaryotic DNA is…
Note: single means that it’s one DOUBLE stranded DNA molecule
Circular & multiple DNA strands
Linear & multiple DNA strands
Circular & a single DNA strand
Linear & a single DNA strand
All eukaryotic cells have…
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic cells have…
Nucleoid
Nucleus
Why are eukaryotic cells able to be bigger than prokaryotic cells?
Compartmentalization due to membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes are more robust to scare the prokaryote away
Endosymbiotic theory required a larger cell
My teacher said so
Why can eukaryotic DNA store more information in same DNA amount?
Eukaryotes have introns and no mRNA processing
Eukaryotes have introns and mRNA processing
Prokaryotes have introns and no mRNA processing
Prokaryotes have introns and mRNA processing
All eukaryotes came from a common ancestor.
True
False
Which organelle is not membrane bound?
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
Ribosome
Rough ER
Membrane bound organelles are found in…
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Which organelle would you find in a prokaryote?
Golgi bodies
Lysosome
Ribosome
Rough ER
What is an intron?
Coding segment of DNA
Coding segment of mRNA
Noncoding segment of DNA
Noncoding segment of mRNA
Which are removed during mRNA splicing?
Exons
Introns
Where in the cell are the introns removed?
Cytosol
Lysosome
Nucleus
Peroxisome
Which cells have introns?
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Phylogenetic trees & cladograms both show lineage.
True
False
What does a node represent?
A divergent event leading to two related lineages
A convergent event leading to two unrelated lineages
A divergent event leading to two unrelated lineages
A convergent event leading to two related lineages
Which two are most closely related?
Human & Gorilla
Human & Orangutan
Human & Gibbon
Human & Chimpanzee
Which organism would be at position D on the cladogram?
Human
Gorilla
Orangutan
Chimpanzee
How many hundreds of thousands of years ago was the common ancestor of Brown Bears?
2
3
4
5
Which position would you find the outgroup?
A
B
C
D
Which organism would be the outgroup?
Black
Brown
Panda
Polar
What position was the lactose and protein A traits gained?
A
B
C
What position might the protein B trait been gained?
A
B
C
If casein was gained at position A, when was it lost?
A
B
C
What type of data is most effective to develop a tree?
Biogeography evidence
Ecological evidence
Fossil evidence
Molecular evidence
Which molecular data is more accurate for relatedness?
DNA
Proteins
Which is the outgroup?
Asian Brown Bear
Black Bear
European Brown Bear
Polar Bear
What is closely related to the
polar bear?
Asian Brown Bear
Black Bear
European Brown Bear
Western North American Brown Bear
The Western North American and Asian Brown Bears can rotate positions.
True
False
Note:
This was found on Google Images when I searched “phylogeny practice”
A
B
C
D
Which two are closely related?
Panda & Black
Black & Brown
Brown & Polar
Polar & Panda
Which two organisms would be grouped together on the branch with two placements?
Cat & Cow
Cow & Horse
Horse & Human
Human & Cat
Which three organisms would be grouped together on the branch with three placements?
Cat
Cow
Horse
Human
Pig
Which traits would be at the circled part of the
phylogenetic tree?
Lactose & Protein A
Protein A & Protein B
Protein B & Casein
Casein & Lactose
To withstand selective pressures, populations need
To have low genetic diversity
To have high genetic diversity
Cavendish bananas are triploids and undergo asexual reproduction. Why are the Cavendish bananas at risk?
Which could cause harmful alleles to be fixed?
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Gene flow
Natural selection
An advantageous trait will always be advantageous.
True
False
What is genetic diversity?
A population with little genetic diversity
At risk of decline or extinction
Favorable in a changing environment
Why would a population with little genetic diversity be at risk to decline?
A favorable trait is always favorable (in any environment)
True
False
What increases genetic variation?
Crossing over
Independent Assortment
Mutations
Random Fertilization
A variable environment causes mutations
True
False
Who is the “father of evolution”
Aristotle
Darwin
Lamarck
Mendel
Which of the following evolves?
Individuals
Populations
A mule is a hybrid between a horse and donkey. What is the reproductive fitness of a mule?
0
0.25
0.5
1.0
Peppered moths became darker during the industrial revolution due to the trees becoming darker. What type of selection describes the peppered moth population?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
Birth weight averages between 6 to 8 pounds. Which type of selection describes birth weight of humans?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
Drought causes an absence of food for medium beaked birds. Which type of selection describes the bird population?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
What is natural selection?
Organism with less favorable traits are more likely to live
Organism with more favorable traits are more likely to live
Nature selects for the less favorable traits
Nature selects against the most favorable traits.
Horse and donkey have unequal number of chromosomes, so the offspring has an odd number of chromosomes and is sterile. What is the fitness of the offspring?
0
1/2
1
Cannot be determined
Evolution produces perfect organisms
True
False
Based on evidence, earth formed…
3.5 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
4.3 billion years ago
4.6 billion years ago
Based on evidence, the earliest fossil evidence…
3.5 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
4.3 billion years ago
4.6 billion years ago
Based on evidence, the Earth was too hostile for life until…
3.5 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
4.3 billion years ago
4.6 billion years ago
Which gas was not present in earth Earth’s atmosphere?
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Methane
Oxygen
Organic compounds could have come to Earth on meteorites.
True
False
The first genetic material was…
Carbohydrate
DNA
Protein
RNA
The environment was too hostile for life until…
4.6 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
How old were the earliest fossils?
4.6 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
When was the earth first formed?
4.6 billion years ago
3.9 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
Oxygen was found on primitive earth.
True
False
Which macromolecule is not made of monomers?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Nucleotides
What is the monomer for proteins?
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Nucleotides
What was the first genetic material?
DNA
Proteins
RNA
What is a phenotype?
Genes
Physical Characteristics
In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the
more similar their habitats are.
less similar their DNA sequences are.
more recently they shared a common ancestor.
less likely they are to have the same genes in common.
more similar they are in size.
Which of the following is NOT a method to date fossils?
DNA sequencing
age of rocks where a fossil is found
rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14
geographical data
The arm of a human, the flipper of a whale, and the wing of a bat all have similar bone structures. Therefore, these parts of the body would all be considered...
homologous structures
vestigial structures
transitional fossils
common ancestors
The tail bone, wisdom teeth, and appendix are all parts of the human anatomy that would be considered...
homologous structures
vestigial structures
fossils
extinct
Which constitutes the smallest unit capable of evolution?
an individual
a family unit
a population
a community
variations within populations
Trilobite
Ammonite
Crinoid
Gastropod
Which of these structures demonstrate common ancestry?
Analogous structure
Convergent structure
Homologous structure
Nucleotide structure
Extant organisms are…
Ancestors
Current Living
Future Species
Vestigial structures show common ancestry…
True
False
Which is more accurate molecular data?
Amino acid sequence
Nucleotide sequence
What type of rock are fossils found in?
Flintstone
Granite
Igneous
Sedimentary
Homologous structures
Show common descent
Show a convergent event
Are structures that are similar due to similar environments
Are structures that are different due to similar environments
Analogous structures
Show common descent
Show convergent evolution
Shares an ancestral trait
Shares the same body structure
Sugar Glider vs Flying Squirrel
Analogous structure
Embryological structure
Homologous structure
Vestigial structure
Convergent evolution shows common ancestry
True
False
Which level does natural selection act on?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
What level does natural selection select?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
What level does natural selection cause change?
Individual Genotype
Individual Phenotype
Population Genotype
Population Phenotype
An individual evolves to better match its environment.
True
False
What does natural selection MODIFY?
Genotype
Phenotype
What does natural selection act on?
Act on means that is selected for or against.
Genotype
Phenotype
What factors would increase the frequency of a genotype in a population over time?
Increased reproduction rates in a population
Selective pressures that make the trait favorable
Genetic drift
Mutations in the population
What is artificial selection?
When humans selectively breed organisms together to select for traits most desirable to us
When a new species has formed
When new organisms migrate into an area and introduce new genes
When organisms are separated from other members of their population due to new geographic barriers
How does genetic drift usually affect a population?
Usually it increases the size of a population
Usually it increases the selective pressures on a population
Usually it decreases the genetic variation of the population
Usually it introduces new genes into a population
What are the two types of genetic drift commonly seen?
Temporal isolation and hybrid sterility
Disruptive selection and convergent evolution
Founder effect and bottleneck effect
Gene flow and artificial selection
According to this cladogram, which animal has the closest common ancestor to a crocodile?
Mammals
Lizards and Snakes
Turtles
Birds
Which species on this cladogram have four walking legs?
Lancelet
Leopards only
All of the species have this trait
Salamander, turtle, leopards
Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time.
Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
A certain species of land snail exists as either a cream color or a solid brown color. Intermediate individuals are relatively rare. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
Which of the following best explains the process of natural selection?
individuals with less favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce less offspring, thus modifying traits for subsequent generations
individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce less offspring, thus modifying traits for subsequent generations
individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations
individuals with less favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring, thus passing traits to subsequent generations
Which of the following best explains convergent evolution?
different selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in different populations or species
similar selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in different populations or species
similar selective pressures result in different phenotypic adaptations in a population or species
different selective pressures result in similar phenotypic adaptations in a populations or species
Which of the following contrasts punctuated equilibrium and gradualism?
punctuated equilibrium occurs slowly over hundreds of thousands of years while gradualism results in rapid evolution after long period of stasis
punctuated equilibrium results from allopatric speciation while gradualism results from sympatric speciation
punctuated equilibrium results from sympatric speciation while gradualism results from allopatric speciation
punctuated equilibrium results in rapid evolution after long period of stasis while gradualism occurs slowly over hundreds of thousands of years
Peppered moths became darker during the industrial revolution due to the trees becoming darker. What type of selection describes the peppered moth population?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
Birth weight averages between 6 to 8 pounds. Which type of selection describes birth weight of humans?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
Drought causes an absence of food for medium beaked birds. Which type of selection describes the bird population?
Directional
Disruptive
Sexual
Stabilizing
What is natural selection?
Organism with less favorable traits are more likely to live
Organism with more favorable traits are more likely to live
Nature selects for the less favorable traits
Nature selects against the most favorable traits.
The large-scale events of speciation are called...
macroevolution
simplification
adaptation
microevolution
Which of the following is required for a population to diverge into two separate species?
The two populations must have evolved different physical appearances.
The two populations must have mutated at least 10 times.
The two populations must have become reproductively isolated.
The two populations must have evolved analogous structures.
A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation
Sympatric
Allopatric
Extreme
Convergent
A speciation in which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the SAME geographic region.
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Complex speciation
Divergent speciation
The emergence of new rivers or streams is a type of ____________ isolation.
Temporal
Mechanical
Behavioral
Geographic
Speciation that caused by breeding occurring at different time of the day is called
behavioral isolation
temporal isolation
ecological isolation
habitat isolation
Two unrelated species evolve in a way that makes them more similar.
adaptive radiation
microevolution
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
Finches on the Galapagos Islands share similar characteristics because they share a common ancestor but have evolved into many different types of species to eat different foods in order to survive. What type of macroevolution is being described?
adaptive radiation
microevolution
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
The rapid evolution of a group following its introduction into a new habitat or occupation of newly available niches is called ________________?
adaptive radiation
microevolution
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
