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WorksheetsRocks and minerals
Total questions: 129
Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins
5 characteristics of minerals:
Made in nature
Made of something nonliving
Solid
Chemical and crystalline structure
Must be made of the same stuff throughout the sample
Why are minerals important?
Economic and technological resource for humanity
Knowing the properties of minerals, where they are found, and how to best extract them are all critical questions with strong engineering applications
Where are ores found?
Mined from underground using tunnels & shafts
Open pits or mountain top removal or placer (riverbank gravels) deposits
Native element minerals:
(a)
Most common type of minerals
(a)
Most important characteristic of minerals and controls all properties (except color)
(a)
Internal arrangement of atoms in salt
spheric
cubic
conic
elliptic
Atoms with similar atomic radii can substitute out for one another
(a)
Examples of physical properties used to identify minerals:
Luster
Hardness
Cleavage
Color
Streak
Any mineral composed of silicon and oxygen
(a)
Naturally occuring
Rocks
Minerals
Both
Can be expressed by chemical formula
Rocks
Minerals
Both
Has definite crystal structure
Rocks
Minerals
Both
Forms when molten rock melts and solidifies into a solid
(a)
This type of rock is usually formed in layers
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface
(a)
A rock which contains a useful mineral
(a)
Powdered form of a mineral
How light reflects off of a mineral
Term that describes the luster of minerals that look like pieces of metal
(a)
Combinations of one or more minerals
(a)
Igneous rock that formed from lava that cooled rapidly above the surface of earth
(a)
Ingeous rock that formed from magma below the surface of earth, where magma cools slowly
(a)
Metamorphic rock melts to form
igneous rock
magma
Sedimentary rock undergoes _____________ to form metamorphic rock.
heat & pressure
compacting and cementing
Process of one type of rock transforming into a different type of rock
(a)
Breaking down of large rocks into smaller pieces of rock
(a)
Formed due to pressure and heat within the earth
Remains of dead plants or animals locked up in rocks
(a)
Methods to melt rocks
Add heat
Reduce pressure
Add water
Which rocks (form picture) was formed the fastest?
1
2
3
4
Which rock (from picture) was most likely formed intrusively?
1
2
3
4
Fine-grained igneous rock
(a)
Rocks with air pockets (holes)
(a)
A vesicular igneous rock is
intrusive
extrusive
Mafic vs Felsic describe the (a) of igneous rocks
High density and darker color
Mafic
Felsic
Low density and lighter color
Mafic
Felsic
Magma generation occurs due to ___
Mid ocean ridges
Subduction zones
Mantle plumes
The oldest seafloor is located (a) from the mid-ocean ridge
True or false: Sea-floor spreading adds new material to the ocean floor
Chain of underwater mountains
(a)
Molten material rises from the mantle and erupts along mid-ocean ridges
(a)
When one tectonic plate moves under another
(a)
Pocket of magma beneath a volcano
(a)
The area where two tectonic plates meet
(a)
Large moving pieces on Earth's surface that are made of rock.
(a)
New oceanic crust forms when magma rises up and solidifies at the mid-ocean ridge
(a)
A hole in the Earth where magma erupts
(a)
Most volcanoes are located...
in the middle of the United States
at the edges of the tectonic plates
on Mars
Some benefits of volcanic eruptions include (pick all that apply)
new land formations
new ocean marine life
fertilized soil
What are some problems that volcanic eruptions cause? (select all that apply)
earthquakes
mudslides
floods
avalanches
The ability of a specific chemical composition to crystallize in more than one form
(a)
Igneous rock that is fine grained with small crystals
(a)
The slower the cooling of magma in igneous rocks, the (a) the minerals
True or false: Extrusive igneous rocks do not have large crystals since the lava that solidifies on the surface cools too rapidly
True
False
Rock where atoms lack time to organize themselves into minerals so a mineral-like solid that lacks either a crystal structure or a definite composition or both forms instead
(a)
Magma becomes more (a) as temperatures decreases
Creating one or more secondary magmas from single parent magma.
Magmatic differentiation
Magmatic stress
Magmatic decompression
Magmatic assimilation
3 types of sedimentary rocks
Clastic
Crystalline
Bioclastic
Broken up rock fragments from weathering are moved (generally by water, wind, or ice)
(a)
Sedimentary rock type made from bits of minerals and other Earth material that were weathered and moved
What causes the pressure necessary to form sedimentary rocks?
chemicals in the rock
temperatures inside the Earth
weight from sediments above
water flowing over rock
The squeezing of sediments together layer by layer caused by pressure of weight
(a)
Natural cement that glues sediments together after they group together from compaction
(a)
The dropping off of sediments after traveling long distances by erosion
(a)
Sedimentary rock that is made from dead plants or animals
(a)
Sedimentary rocks that are classifiable based on grain size
(a)
Importance of sedimentary rocks
Clues to past environments
Provide information about sediment transport
Rocks often contain fossils
What is another name for layers?
strings
strata
stromboli
stratosphere
Why are sedimentary rocks the easiest to break apart?
They are made of bits of rock that have been pressed together
They have been welded together
They have been glued together with Gorilla Glue
Building blocks of rocks
(a)
All the different shades and colors in rocks represent individual (a)
If two minerals are made of the same elements they can look different because they can have a different (a)
Is color an effective way for identifying minerals?
Yes
No
Term that describes the luster of minerals that don't look like pieces of metal
(a)
You can find out a mineral's (a) by rubbing it against a porcelain plate
The mineral breaks along a flat surface
(a)
The mineral breaks along an uneven surface
(a)
Moh's Hardness Scale ranks a mineral's (a) on a scale of 1-10
Hardness of glass:
(a)
Hardness of a fingernail:
(a)
Hardness of a penny:
(a)
Halite is a special property that can make an object taste (a)
Most abundant elements in minerals:
(a)
True or false: The outside arrows on a rock cycle reference table show the processes that make each rock type
True
False
True or false: The inside arrows on a rock cycle reference table show what the rocks can become
True
False
Molten rock at the Earth's surface
(a)
Igneous rocks are found in areas of high (a)
True or false: When the molten rock from ether above or below the surface cools off, it will begin to crystallize and once it gets enough crystals it will solidify into solid rock
True
False
(a) rocks are organized by size (grain sized or crystal sized)
The size of an igneous rock depends on its (a)
"Coarse" minerals describe ___ minerals
large
small
Most common type of sedimentary rock found at the surface
(a)
Rock that has undergone weathering and erosion
(a)
Sedimentary rock made from the precipitation of dissolved minerals from water
(a)
Course-grained igneous rock
(a)
Line of volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin is the (a)
What type of volcano is wide and flat, created by layers of lava flow?
Shield
Cinder Cone
Stratovolcano
Volcano formed due to alternating quiet and explosive eruptions which formed layers
(a)
Area under the surface of Earth where magma is hotter than surrounding magma
(a)
Causes Earth's crust to melt leading to volcanic activity
(a)
viscosity
(a)
Which is more viscous: felsic or mafic magma?
(a)
Type of eruption where magma flows most easily
(a)
Basaltic eruptions are rarely (a)
Type of eruption with the highest viscosity (lava flows with great difficulty)
(a)
Three types of eruptions:
(a)
A volcano's form is dictated by the (a)
Basaltic Magma is the only type of magma that is (a)
Basaltic Magma forms (a) volcanoes
Andesitic and Rhyolitic eruptions form (a) volcanoes
What type of volcano was Mt. Saint Helens?
(a)
If lava contains more silica, its viscosity ___
increases.
decreases.
Searing gas and rock moving fast and wiping out everything in its way
(a)
What do scientists think dictates whether Mt. Saint Helens explodes?
The amount of gas in the magma from oceanic plates
They have no idea
Destruction caused by Mt. Saint Helens
Forests flattened
People and animals killed
Ash everywhere
Virtually no trees
This is a great opportunity to study how life survives
How is magma being generated at Mt. Saint Helens?
Plates making up Earth's crust slide together with one plate subducting forming magma
There is no magma
Mafic rocks are rich in (a)
Felsic rocks are rich in (a)
Solid rock is fragmented by mechanical processes
(a)
Solid rock is fragmented and dissolved
(a)
