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Ecology Final Review

Total questions: 102

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A pack of wolves are hunting within their ecosystem. These wolves are an example of a(n)

a)

population

b)

organism

c)

biome

d)

biosphere

2.

A group of foxes are roaming in an open field in which a spider, two rabbits and three squirrels are also living. Which level of ecological organization is this?

a)

community

b)

population

c)

organism

d)

none of the above

3.
Water temperature would be an example of ...
a)
a biotic factor.
b)
an abiotic factor.
4.
A place where an organism lives.
a)
Terrain
b)
Habitat
c)
Community
d)
Population
5.
A collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Habitat
d)
Ecosystem
6.
The role or function or job of a species in a community.
a)
habitat
b)
diet
c)
niche
d)
ecosystem
7.
Nonliving factor that affects an ecosystem...
a)
biotic factor
b)
abiotic factor
c)
food chain 
d)
biome
8.
Part of the earth that living organisms inhabit...
a)
biosphere
b)
biome
c)
niche
d)
ecosystem
9.
Living factors or organisms that affect an ecosystem
a)
abiotic factors
b)
species
c)
trophic level
d)
biotic factors
10.
What are the biotic factors in this image?
a)
sunlight, elephants, and grasses
b)
sunlight, water,  and air
c)
elephants, plants, trees 
11.
What are the abiotic factors in this image? 
a)
water, sunlight, dirt, air
b)
birds and plants
c)
water, plants, and birds 
12.
An ecosystem contains living and nonliving things.
a)
True
b)
False
13.
Which of the following is a population?
a)
hawks, barred owls, and eagles on NC coast
b)
mountain stream
c)

New York City

d)
blue-tailed skinks (lizards) around a barn
14.
A tick and a dog have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
neutralism
d)
parasitism
15.
Cattle egrets are birds that forage in fields among cattle. The egrets get easy access to food and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
16.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that feed on parasites found on an impala. The impala gets rid of parasites and the red-billed oxpeckers get a yummy dinner. This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
17.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
18.
A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
19.
A wrasse fish feeds on the parasites found on the black sea bass's body. Both species benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
20.

This organism is a lynx that is stalking its prey (the arctic hare). Which of the following represents the relationship between the hare and the lynx?

a)

Predation

b)

Competition

c)

Parasitism

d)

Mutualism

21.

These two bears are fighting over territory along this stream. The stream holds an abundance of food that the bears desire access to. This situation is an example of which symbiotic relationship?

a)

Competition

b)

Predation

c)

Mutualism

d)

Commensalism

22.

This dog is scratching behind his ears and along the side of his body. First, what could cause him to scratch this way? Second, what symbiotic relationship does this represent?

a)

1: Fleas

2: Parasitism

b)

1: Skin Allergies

2: Mutualism

c)

1: Ticks

2: Commensalism

d)

1: Hot Weather

2: Parasitism

23.

Which of the following habitats is located furthest from the equator?

a)

Polar Habitats

b)

Tropical Rainforests

c)

Seasonal Forests

d)

Deserts

24.

Which of the following habitats has extremely hot days and much colder nights?

a)

Deserts

b)

Tropical Rainforests

c)

Tundra

d)

Seasonal Forests

25.

Which of the following choices best describes an adaptation you would see in the Tundra?

a)

Plants have shallow roots to avoid the layer of permanently frozen ground (permafrost).

b)

Leaves on trees change colors and fall off as the seasons get cooler, and they return as the warmer seasons arrive.

c)

A taproot accesses water that is deep under the surface in this hot and dry habitat.

d)

A tree has wide branches in order to catch as much rainfall as possible.

26.

Which of the following habitats cover over 70 percent of the Earth's surface?

a)

Oceans

b)

Deserts

c)

Seasonal Forests

d)

Tropical Rainforests

27.

Which of the following adaptations would you see in a seasonal forest habitat?

a)

Birds migrate as the seasons change. They move further from the equator in the warmer months and closer to equator in the cooler months.

b)

An animal is nocturnal to avoid the brutally hot temperatures that this habitat experiences each day.

c)

Trees have needles instead of leaves due to the fact that there is less water available in this habitat than most.

d)

None of these answers are correct.

28.

In this habitat, you would see some of the fastest animals in the world due to its wide open spaces with lots of grass and very few trees.

a)

Grasslands

b)

Evergreen Forests

c)

Seasonal Forests

d)

Deserts

29.

An animal may hibernate during the colder months that this habitat experiences. (Hint: the trees have needles and stay green all the time.)

a)

Evergreen Forest

b)

Seasonal Forest

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

30.

A regularly seen adaptation in this habitat is camouflage which allows smaller organisms to blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators. (Hint: this habitat has the greatest number of plant and animal species in the world.)

a)

Tropical Rainforests

b)

Seasonal Forests

c)

Deserts

d)

Tundra

31.

What is this diagram called?

a)

Food web

b)

Food chain

c)

Food map

d)

Food menu

32.

An organism that eats both plants and animals is known as a(n)

a)

Carnivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Herbivore

d)

Decomposer

33.

Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food. Which do scientists classify as autotrophs?

a)

Chordates

b)

Fungi

c)

Plants

d)

Molds

34.

What is the first source of energy for almost all food webs?

a)

Plants

b)

Sunlight

c)

Mineral in the soil

d)

Decomposers

35.

Which organisms are at the bottom level of an energy pyramid?

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Decomposer

d)

Scavenger

36.
How much energy is passed on to each trophic level in an energy pyramid?
a)
10%
b)
90%
c)
50%
d)
80%
37.

Which organisms have the most available energy in an energy pyramid?

a)

Producers

b)

Consumers

c)

Decomposers

d)

Detritivores

38.
If additional snakes are introduced into this ecosystem, there will most likely be an immediate decrease in the _________.  
a)
hawk population
b)
rabbit population
c)
wildflower population
d)
grass population
39.
Which would be the appropriate term for an organism that eats a producer?
a)
scavenger
b)
decomposer
c)
secondary consumer
d)
primary consumer
40.

If there are 47,802 calories (energy) available at the producer level of this food chain, how many calories would be available at the tertiary consumer level?

a)

47.802

b)

478.02

c)

4.7802

d)

0

41.

In this food chain, the snake would be a

a)

tertiary consumer

b)

secondary consumer

c)

primary consumer

d)

producer

42.

Which one of the following questions should I ask an environmental scientist if I was trying to discover what type of consumer (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore,etc.) a kangaroo is?

a)

What do they eat?

b)

Where do they live?

c)

Are they mammals?

d)

How much do they eat?

43.

Based on your knowledge of the pyramids of energy and numbers, which organism would have the smallest population in the pyramid pictured?

a)

hawks

b)

frogs

c)

insects

d)

plants

44.

There are 1,567 calories available at the producer level of this pyramid, and there are only 15.67 calories available at the secondary consumer level. Which of the following choices BEST explains why there is less energy available at the secondary consumer level?

a)

There are less organisms at the secondary consumer level.

b)

Secondary consumers can't do photosynthesis.

c)

The secondary consumers are more likely to go extinct.

d)

90% of energy is lost as it is transferred to the next trophic level.

45.
This rare & beautiful bird of paradise can only be found in New Guinea. Because of this we refer to it as a(n)
a)
endemic species
b)
endangered species
c)
indicator species
d)
invasive species
46.

This Japanese kudzu was brought into the U.S. It quickly grew out of control and took over many forest ecosystems. This is an example of

a)

invasive species

b)

native species

c)

endangered species

d)

keystone species

47.
These dogs are all the same species, but they look very different from one another because of 
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
species diversity
d)
none of these are correct
48.

Mass extinction is

a)

when many species die over a short period of time.

b)

when one species dies over a short period of time.

c)

when many species die over a very long period of time.

d)

a made up idea.

49.

Large populations with high genetic diversity are

a)

more likely to go extinct

b)

more likely to be invasive

c)

less likely to go extinct

d)

less likely to be invasive

50.
This man is performing an illegal act called
a)
killing
b)
poaching
c)
hunting
d)
exploitation
51.

Which of the following pictures represents the place that is MOST likely to have the highest species diversity?

a)
b)
c)
d)
52.

This island is more likely to have __________ species due to its unique climate and isolated location.

a)

endemic

b)

keystone

c)

extinct

d)

healthy

53.

The Mojave Desert Tortoise is responsible for digging many areas throughout the desert in order for it to live. A byproduct of the tortoise digging these holes is that many species are provided shelter from the harsh conditions of the desert. Without the tortoise, many of these species would not survive because they are not able to build their own homes. The Mojave Desert Tortoise would be considered a(n)

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Endangered Species

c)

Endemic Species

d)

Invasive Species

54.

The snowshoe hare is a key food source for many predators in the tundra and evergreen forest habitats. If the hare were to go extinct, many of these predators would lose a food source that is key to their survival. The snowshoe hare would be an example of a(n)

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Endangered Species

c)

Extinct Species

d)

Invasive Species

55.

Genetic diversity is important because

a)

The more genetically diverse a population is, the more likely it is to survive environmental changes.

b)

The more genetically diverse a population is, the cooler they look for National Geographic.

c)

The more genetically diverse a population is, the more likely they are to go extinct.

d)

Coach Reed says it is important, so it must be important.

56.

Spotted Owls do not build their own nests in forest lands, so they rely on the forest being older and very dense to help provide a safe home. If the population of these owls begins to decline, that means the forest's health and supply of older trees must be declining. The Spotted Owl is an example of a(n)

a)

Indicator Species

b)

Endangered Species

c)

Keystone Species

d)

Invasive Species

57.

In the last 2 centuries, extinction rates have increased along with

a)

an increase in human population

b)

a decrease in human population

c)

an increase in biodiversity

d)

a decrease in biodiversity

58.

After years of DDT pesticide use, the bald eagle was nearing extinction. When scientists realized this, they placed it on the

a)

endangered species list

b)

keystone species list

c)

invasive species list

d)

illegal species list

59.
This Burmese Python is eating a Florida alligator in the Everglades. Theses non-native snakes have become a(n)
a)
endangered species
b)
invasive species
c)
endemic species
d)
keystone species
60.

The island of Madagascar is home to some of the rarest species in the world, and it also has a limited amount of space for them to live in due to human expansion in the area. This island country is an example of a

a)

biodiversity hot spot

b)

germ plasm

c)

endangered land

d)

biological phenomenon

61.

What type of growth does this graph of human population growth represent?

a)

Logistic

b)

Exponential

c)

Random

d)

Slow

62.

What caused the human population to increase so rapidly after the late 1700s/early 1800s?

a)

World War II

b)

Industrial Revolution

c)

Cold War

d)

Dust Bowl

63.

What historical event led to the only decrease in the human population to ever occur?

a)

Black Death/Plague

b)

The Civil War

c)

World War I

d)

The Holocaust

64.

Which of the following is a reason that human population growth has slowed in recent years?

a)

Less birth control is available around the world.

b)

The population controller has taken a leave of absence.

c)

Birth control is more widely available.

d)

We are in the middle of a world war.

65.

Afghanistan is a developed country?

a)

True

b)

False

66.

True or False? The United States is a developed country?

a)

True

b)

False

67.

Which of the following are characteristics of a developing country that affect population growth?

a)

There are no characteristics that affect population growth in a developing country.

b)

lack of stable government, lack of healthcare, and little access to birth control

c)

the government is stable, has a good healthcare system, and easy access to birth control

68.

Which of the following are characteristics of a developed country that affect population growth?

a)

There are no characteristics that affect a developed country.

b)

the government is stable, has a good healthcare system, and easy access to birth control

c)

the government is unstable, inadequate healthcare system, little access to birth control

69.

If the human population reaches its carrying capacity in 2100, what type of growth will the human population represent?

a)

Exponential

b)

Logistic

70.
This graph shows the population growth curve for a sparrows in Forsyth County.  What is the carrying capacity?
a)
50
b)
200
c)
280
d)
300
71.

If the mortality of a population is greater than the natality, the population shrinks.

a)

True

b)

False

72.
What type of growth model is this?
a)
exponential growth model
b)
logistic growth model
c)
Type I curve
d)
Type III curve
73.

Carrying Capacity is

a)

the capacity of what one person can carry per day

b)

how many animals you have in your daily bag limit at the end of the year

c)

wildebeest at a watering hole with zebras

d)

the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support

74.

If a population grows larger than its environmental carrying capacity, then

a)

death rate may rise.

b)

death rate may fall significantly.

c)

birth rate may rise significantly.

d)

immigration rate may increase.

75.

The lighter (pink) curve in this graph represents

a)

Logistic Growth

b)

Exponential Growth

c)

Light Growth

d)

Sideways Growth

76.

The seal population shown in this graph is growing logistically. The highest the population of seals is achieved around 1992 at about 7500 total seals. This would be known as this population's

a)

carrying capacity

b)

limiting factor

c)

exponential growth period

d)

minimum population

77.

In a population of chimpanzees, 13 chimps are born, 7 die and 20 immigrate during one week. Is this population of chimpanzees increasing, decreasing or staying the same?

a)

Increasing

b)

Decreasing

c)

Staying the same

78.

In a population of squirrels, 22 squirrels die, 14 are born and 8 immigrate. Is this population of squirrels increasing, decreasing or staying the same?

a)

Increasing

b)

Decreasing

c)

Staying the same

79.

Which of the following is considered a density dependent factor?

a)

diseases

b)

tornadoes

c)

fires

d)

floods

80.

Which of the following pics represents a clumped population dispersion?

a)
b)
c)
81.

Which of the following pics represents a uniform population dispersion?

a)
b)
c)
82.

Which of the following pics represents a random population dispersion?

a)
b)
c)
83.
What is another name for evaporation of water through the leaves of plants?
a)
Transpiration
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Percolation
84.
Rain, sleet, snow, and hail are all forms of _____.
a)
Percolation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Condensation
d)
Precipitation
85.
Which of the following best explains why nitrogen fixation must take place?
a)
Atmospheric nitrogen is unusable to plants and animals
b)
Nitrogen must be returned to the atmosphere
c)
Animals must breathe in nitrogen
d)
Nitrogen gets "stuck" in the soil and must be untrapped
86.
What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?
a)
To use energy from the sun to produce food for the plant
b)
To use energy from the sun to produce oxygen for animals to breathe
c)
To break down food in order to produce energy (ATP)
d)
To break down food in order to produce carbon dioxide
87.
What is A?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
88.
What is B?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
89.
The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back
a)
Nitrogen Cycle
b)
Carbon Oxygen Cycle
c)
WaterCycle
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
90.
What gas is released by plants from the process of photosynthesis?
a)
air
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
91.
Photosynthesis
a)
absorbs CO2
b)
releases CO2
92.
How animals get the nitrogen they need
a)
from the air they breathe
b)
from the water they drink
c)
from the food they eat
d)
from the Sun
93.
Organism that breaks down dead plants & animals and releases nitrogen back into atmosphere
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
94.

What is the process that converts nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants and animals?

a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
95.

How does phosphorus travel through an ecosystem?

a)

From the soil to producers and then from producers to consumers.

b)

From the air directly into consumers and then from consumers to producers.

c)

Phosphorus cannot travel through an ecosystem.

d)

From the soil to producers and that is as far as phosphorus may travel.

96.

Which of the following describes the long-term portion of the water cycle?

a)

69% of all freshwater is trapped in ice caps and glaciers.

b)

Transpiration through the leaves of plants.

c)

Formation of fossil fuels due to intense heat and pressure.

d)

Different forms of precipitation such as rain, snow or sleet.

97.

As CO2 concentration increases in this graph, how is average global temperature affected?

a)

As CO2 concentration increases, average global temperature increases.

b)

As CO2 concentration increases, average global temperature decreases.

c)

As CO2 concentration increases, global temperature stays the same.

d)

CO2 concentration and average global temperature have no relationship.

98.

Based on this graph, you can infer that

a)

CO2 absorbs heat which makes global temperature rise as CO2 concentration increases.

b)

CO2 levels do not affect the global temperature because the graph shows no correlation between the two.

c)

Global temperature is going to increase so much that the ice caps and glaciers will melt in a few years.

d)

Global temperature is increasing which means CO2 concentration will decrease in the next few years.

99.

Which of the following explains the long term portion of the phosphorus cycle?

a)

Phosphorus is stored in rocks, and it is slowly recycled back into the ecosystem through weathering and erosion.

b)

Phosphorus is constantly cycled through the food chain starting at the producer level and working its way to the apex predator.

c)

Phosphorus does not have a long term portion.

d)

Phosphorus cannot be recycled and reused because it is a nonrenewable resource.

100.

If a farmer uses an excessive amount of fertilizer and this fertilizer washes into a nearby lake in runoff, what is likely to happen in this area?

a)

The plant life will grow exponentially, and many of the fish living in this area will die.

b)

The plant life will be destroyed, and many of the fish in this area will die due to a lack of food.

c)

The fish in this area will multiply exponentially, and they will destroy the plant life.

d)

Fertilizer will not affect the area because it only affects the growth of plants that grow on land.

101.

Artificial eutrophication occurs when nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen are introduced to an area as a byproduct of human activities. Which of the following human activities could lead to this environmental issue?

a)

A farmer using an excessive amount of fertilizer on their crops.

b)

A construction company working all through the night in a large city.

c)

A man watering his front lawn on a daily basis during a drought.

d)

Feeding the ducks at a local pond when a sign specifically states that you should not feed the ducks.

102.

Which of the following choices names the process in which phosphorus is broken down and reintroduced into ecosystems?

a)

Erosion

b)

Nitrogen Fixation

c)

Denitrification

d)

Condensation