Worksheets8th Grade Science EOG Practice
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a
changing environment?
The species would become extinct over time.
The species would develop mutated cells.
The species would develop resistance to disease.
The species would change the environment.
A runner is preparing to run a long race. Which would provide the highest level of energy for the runner?
minerals
carbohydrates
proteins
vitamins
Which best represents the flow of energy within an aquatic ecosystem?
algae → insects → fish → turtle → sunlight
insects → algae → fish → turtle → sunlight
sunlight → insects → algae → fish → turtle
sunlight → algae → insects → fish → turtle
If a bat, an alligator, and a bird evolved from a common ancestor, what most likely can be concluded?
They have similar anatomical structures.
They live in the same part of the world.
They are in the same biological classification.
They are able to survive changes in their environments.
Recent changes in species can be found in the upper layers of rock. This provides a link between which two scientific ideas?
cell theory and the theory of evolution
the periodic nature of the elements and cell theory
the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition
the Law of Superposition and the periodic nature of the elements
Which allows scientists to investigate what Earth’s climate was like over the past 740,000 years?
volcanic deposits
fossils
faults
ice cores
Which best describes uniformitarianism?
The time it takes for erosion to occur has changed since Earth first formed.
The movement of the continents no longer occurs because of changes in ocean currents.
The processes that shape the Earth continue as they have since the Earth formed.
The formation of rock layers has slowed because humans have altered the environment.
Many infectious diseases have been nearly eliminated worldwide. Why should global studies of infectious diseases continue?
All infectious disease organisms are fatal.
All infectious diseases are resistant to any form of treatment
All infectious disease organisms have the ability to mutate, adapt, and survive.
All infectious diseases are caused by viruses that do not respond to antibiotics.
What effect does the water cycle have on the total amount of water on Earth?
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly increasing.
The total amount of water on Earth is constantly decreasing.
The total amount of water on Earth remains relatively constant.
The total amount of water on Earth changes due to periods of global warming and cooling.
Which characteristic of water quality provides the most information regarding the health of a water system?
clarity
temperature
concentration of heavy metals
presence of indicator species
Where is most of Earth’s freshwater located?
in the clouds
in the ice caps
in the ocean
in the ground
Which is the most accurate way of determining the age of a fossil?
radioactive dating
relative dating
dating index fossils
dating the rock layers above the fossil
Which is the best example of a chemical change?
butter melting
egg cooking
paper tearing
water evaporating
Which chemical equation best represents the Law of Conservation of Mass?
H+O→H2O
H2+O2 →H2O
2H2 +O2 →2H2O
H2 +O2 →2H2O2
Which is most likely a major concern associated with burning fossil fuels?
Burning fossil fuels can pollute the oceans.
Burning fossil fuels can remove harmful chemicals from precipitation.
Burning fossil fuels can remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels can produce smog, which can cause respiratory illnesses.
Which action shows concern for the environment with regards to the resources of the oceans?
developing technology which will allow for an increase in fish harvesting
allowing factories to release untreated wastewater into the oceans
filling in oceanfront wetlands in order to extend beachfront properties
setting limits on fish harvesting in the oceans
Which best explains why mammals became dominant after the mass extinction of the dinosaurs?
They had traits that helped them adapt to environmental changes.
They were larger than dinosaurs and ate different foods.
They lived in different areas on Earth than dinosaurs.
They were able to hibernate for thousands of years.
Which demonstrates how genetic variation may result from a change in the environment where an animal lives?
A salmon swims faster as it enters colder waters.
A snake increases its body temperature because it moves on top of a rock in direct sunlight.
A beetle stands out to predators because it moves among plants that have colors different than its own.
An arctic fox changes its color over time because it migrates to an area with a different climate.
Where do plants get the food they need for energy?
They absorb it directly from the sun.
They absorb it directly from the soil.
They produce it during photosynthesis.
They receive it from atmospheric gases.
Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. With what group of elements will chlorine most readily bond?
group 1
group 2
group 16
group 18
What happens to most of the energy as it moves throughout a food web?
It is changed into light energy.
It is changed into heat energy.
It is changed into mass.
It is changed into decomposers.
Which is the best evidence for evolution?
new rock layers containing fossils of simple organisms
new rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
old rock layers containing fossils unlike existing organisms
old rock layers containing fossils of complex organisms
What is the most likely result of overusing a particular antibiotic?
fewer infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
more infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
fewer infections caused by viruses and bacteria
more infections caused by viruses
Which illness could most likely be treated with antibiotics?
influenza
common cold
strep throat
diabetes
How can upwellings improve fishing for ocean fishermen?
They cause the ocean water to get warmer.
They cause ocean currents to remain calm.
They bring nutrients from the cold, deep ocean waters.
They bring ocean currents from the equator.
If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?
The temperature of the lake water will decrease.
The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease.
The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake will increase.
The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
Which is the best reason for scientists to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s ice caps?
to evaluate potential oil drilling sites
to study the quality of water stored in glaciers
to determine the rate of melting in polar regions
to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles
Which are most responsible for creating acid rain pollution?
nuclear power plants
coal-burning power plants
hydroelectric power plants
wood-burning power plants
Which would most likely increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?
increase in diseases
decrease in diseases
increase in mutations
decrease in mutations
Which is the primary source of energy for most cells in the body?
sugar
fat
protein
vitamin
Which is classified as an element?
carbon dioxide
iron
vinegar
water
Which best describes the sequence of the elements in Period 5 of the periodic table?
highly reactive gases, relatively nonreactive metals, metalloids, very nonreactive gases, nonreactive nonmetals
highly reactive metals, relatively nonreactive metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, nonreactive gases
nonreactive gases, metalloids, nonreactive metals, highly reactive metals, highly reactive gases
nonreactive gases, nonreactive metals, highly reactive metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, reactive gases
Which statement is true about a chemical reaction?
The physical states of the atoms in the reactants determine the products.
Some of the atoms in the reactants will be a part of the products.
The number of atoms in the reactants determines the products.
All of the atoms in the reactants will be a part of the products.
. In some environments, wolves prey on deer for their source of food. If all of the wolves were taken from the environment, what would most likely happen to the deer population?
The deer population would increase and begin to compete for food.
The deer population would become larger and healthier animals.
The deer population would decrease, because there would be an increase in disease.
The deer population would change color, because they would not have to hide from wolves.
How are mutualism and parasitism different?
Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefit.
Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
planting trees around a farm
cutting down trees around a farm
increasing the number of livestock on a farm
decreasing the number of livestock on a farm
Which evidence supports the idea that life on Earth has continually evolved?
evidence from layers of tree rings
evidence from rock layers, fossils, and ice cores
evidence gathered from melting glaciers
evidence that the climate has changed over the past 100 years
Which disease is caused by a fungal infection?
intestinal worms
influenza
chicken pox
athlete's foot
How are pandemics different than epidemics?
Pandemics affect blood; epidemics affect skin.
Pandemics affect many countries or states; an epidemic is more localized.
Pandemics are caused by bacteria; epidemics are caused by viruses.
Pandemics are spread through the air; epidemics are spread through the water.
How would a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary?
All organisms would die.
All organisms would continue to live as they now do.
The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.
The number of salt-intolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-tolerant organisms would decrease.
Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?
many varieties of fish in the lake
high dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake
cold water temperature of the lake
high turbidity levels in the lake
A geologist identifies the identical index fossils in rock layers from two different areas. Which conclusion is best supported by this discovery?
The deposition rate of the two rock layers was identical.
The fossil organism evolved independently in the two separate areas.
The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.
The index fossil will also occur in sediment deposited on top of these rock layers.
Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?
There are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today.
Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.
Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.
Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks
Two different liquids are poured together in an open container. Bubbles begin to form. After the bubbling stops, it is determined that the total weight of the two liquids is less than before they were poured together. Which best describes this observation?
Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
Some of the atoms during the reaction were destroyed.
Some of the atoms during the reaction became heavier.
Some of the atoms during the reaction changed to a different kind of atom.
This is a chemical reaction for the decomposition of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide.
H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2
How does the reaction support the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Several molecules of water are produced.
The mass of carbon atoms is reduced during the reaction.
The mass of the atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products.
The mass of hydrogen atoms is the only thing that remains the same before and after the reaction.
Which best describes a method of obtaining energy that may cause changes in water temperature and harm to fish populations?
burning coal
using ethanol in cars
installing solar panels on a home
generating electricity in a hydroelectric power plant
Which is a nonrenewable resource?
oil
sunlight
water
wood
Which is a compound?
sodium
sugar
nitrogen
air
A scientist pours two liquids into a flask and swirls the flask to combine the liquids. The scientist then places the flask on a laboratory workbench. After a few seconds, the liquids separate into layers. How are the contents of the the flask classified?
as an element
as a compound
as a homogeneous mixture
as a heterogeneous mixture
Marcia created this model to represent a neutral boron (B) atom. Does Marcia's model represent the boron atom?
no, because the diagram does not have enough protons
no, because the diagram shows an unequal number of neutrons and electrons
yes, because the diagram has the correct number of protons
yes, because the diagram shows an equal number of protons and electrons
Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to chlorine (Cl)?
Oxygen (O)
Sulfur (S)
Iodine (I)
Krypton (Kr)
Iron was melted and then cooled to form thin iron sheets. What type of change occurred during the melting and cooling?
A physical change occurred when the iron was melted and then allowed to cool.
A chemical change occurred when the iron was melted and then allowed to cool.
The iron changed physically when melted and chemically when cooled.
The iron changed chemically when melted and physically when cooled.
Jeremy wants to create a model of a neutral chlorine atom with a mass number of 35. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons should appear in Jeremy's model?
17 protons, 18 electrons, and 17 neutrons
35 protons, 35 electrons, and 18 neutrons
35 protons, 17 electrons, and 35 neutrons
17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons
A potato farmer uses animal-waste fertilizer. Runoff from the farm leads directly to a nearby creek. What should the farmer do to ensure there is no impact on the environment?
use less electricity at home
use more electricity at home
take regular water samples from the creek to check for nitrates
take regular water samples from the creek to check for oil
What causes water to evaporate from a pond?
The sun's energy is transferred to individual water molecules. These water molecules become more dense, which forces surrounding water molecules to leave the water's surface.
The sun's energy is transferred to individual water molecules. These water molecules leave the water's surface once they have absorbed enough energy.
Gravitational energy is transferred to individual water molecules. These water molecules become more dense, which forces surrounding water molecules to leave the water's surface.
Gravitational energy is transferred to individual water molecules. These water molecules leave the water's surface once they have absorbed enough energy.
Which choice describes the relationship between the salinity of ocean water, evaporation, and transpiration?
Transpiration decreases the salinity of ocean water, and evaporation has no effect.
Transpiration increases the salinity of ocean water, and evaporation has no effect.
Evaporation decreases the salinity of ocean water, and transpiration has no effect.
Evaporation increases the salinity of ocean water, and transpiration has no effect.
The graph shows the carbon dioxide emissions from human-made sources from 1751 to 2022. Which choice best describes an effect of this change in carbon dioxide?
The change in carbon dioxide has increased the amount of heat trapped in the atmosphere; this has increased the temperature of our oceans.
The change in carbon dioxide has decreased the amount of heat trapped in the atmosphere; this has decreased the temperature of our oceans.
The change in carbon dioxide has increased the size of the ozone hole over the Antarctic; this has increased the temperature of the oceans.
The change in carbon dioxide has decreased the size of the ozone hole over the Antarctic; this has decreased the temperature of the oceans.
What must be true if a geologic fault runs through a sedimentary rock layer?
The fault is geologically older than the rock layer.
The fault is geologically younger than the rock layer.
The fault and the rock layer formed at the same time.
The fault was created by volcanic activity.
Why is ocean water warmer near Earth's equator than at its poles?
Geothermal energy near the equator is more intense than at the poles.
Sunlight near the equator is more intense than at the poles.
More convection occurs near the the poles than at the equator.
More evaporation occurs near the poles than at the equator.
Which characteristic of fungi provides them an adaptive advantage in changing environmental conditions?
Fungi are eukaryotic.
Fungi are non-photosynthetic.
Most fungi are multicellular heterotrophs.
Fungi can reproduce through both sexual and asexual means.
A scientist places two bacteria species, X and Y, into a test tube containing sugar water. Both bacteria species consume sugar as a food source. After some time, the scientist observes the number of species X cells has increased, and the number of species Y cells has decreased. Which choice explains the scientist’s observation?
The bacteria engaged in competition, and species X was more successful than species Y.
The bacteria engaged in competition, and species X was less successful than species Y.
The bacteria engaged in cooperation, and species X was more successful than species Y.
The bacteria engaged in cooperation, and species X was less successful than species Y.
Why are people who may have become infected with a rare virus quarantined?
to allow the disease to grow and reproduce
to study the genetic inheritance of the disease
to develop an immediate cure for those who are ill
to prevent an epidemic from becoming a pandemic
Identify the two relationships that follow:
Relationship 1: A shark species and an aquatic plant species live in the same ecosystem. The organisms neither harm nor help one another.
Relationship 2: A shrimp species and a fish species live in the same ecosystem. The shrimp digs a whole that both organisms can use as a shelter. The fish is good at detecting predators, and it waves its tail to warn the shrimp.
Coexistence (Commensalism)
Parasitism
Mutualism
Competition
Which is a product of photosynthesis?
sunlight
glucose
carbon dioxide
water
The diagram shows a region's food web. Suppose this region experiences an increase in the amount of rainfall it receives over the next several years. How will this change in rainfall most likely affect the cycling of matter?
It will increase plants’ food production, which will increase the transfer of carbon from shrews to fruit flies.
It will increase plants’ food production, which will increase the transfer of carbon from plants to shrews and fruit flies.
It will increase shrews’ ability to transform food into energy, which will increase the transfer of carbon from shrews to plants.
It will increase fruit flies’ ability to transform food into energy, which will increase the transfer of carbon from fruit flies to frogs.
