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Biology-Final Exam Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Disney

d)

Washington

2.
What type of "square" helps us solve genetic problems?
a)
carpenter square
b)
Mendel square
c)
Punnett square
d)
genetic square
3.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
4.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
5.
Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?
a)
YY,yy
b)
Yy,yy
c)
YY only
d)
YY,Yy
6.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
7.
If "T" is the allele for tall and "t" is the allele for short, then Tt would produce?
a)
tall
b)
short
c)
medium
d)
not enough info
8.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
9.

What plant did Mendel study?

a)

pea plant

b)

spinach

c)

carrots

d)

sunflowers

10.

Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?

a)

TT

b)

Tt

c)

tt

d)

ts

11.

Red (R) is dominant over white (r). How can a flower be white?

a)

It can have RR and be white.

b)

It has to have rr.

c)

It has to have rR

d)

There is no way it can be white until the third generation.

12.

Alternant or different genes that code for the same trait are called?

a)

chromosomes

b)

segments

c)

alleles.

d)

homozygous.

13.
Organisms that are able to maintain their internal temperature are considered...
a)
Ectothermic
b)
Endothermic
14.
How are fish different from amphibians?
a)
Spinal column
b)
Gills during part of their life
c)
Scales
d)
Are in water at least during part of their life.
15.
Amphibians life cycle consists of...
a)
terrestrial larvae and aquatic adult
b)
aquatic adult and aquatic larvae
c)
terrestrial larvae and terrestrial adult
d)
aquatic larvae and terrestrial adult
16.
Frogs and birds both have this opening that excrement and egg/sperm leave.
a)
Anus
b)
Vaginal Canal 
c)
Cloaca
d)
Colon
17.

Which structures allow sacrodines, such as amoebas, to move?

a)

Cilia

b)

Psuedopods

c)

Flagella

18.

Like animals, animal-like protists are

a)

autotrophs

b)

unicellular

c)

heterotrophs

19.

Slime molds are one type of?

a)

Animal-like protist

b)

Fungus-like protist

c)

Plant-like protist

20.

Protists are divided into which of the following categories? (select all that apply)

a)

Plant-like

b)

Fungi-like

c)

Bacteria-like

d)

Animal-like

e)

Algae-like

21.
Which type of protist is shown in the picture?
a)
euglena
b)
paramecium
c)
amoeba
d)
prokaryotic
22.
Most fungi reproduce by using . . . 
a)
Budding
b)
Eggs
c)
Spores
d)
Zoanthropy
23.
Fungi are . . . 
a)
Archaeans
b)
Autotrophic
c)
Eukaryotic
d)
Prokaryotic
24.
Organisms such as fungi return chemicals to the soil and the atmosphere and are called . . 
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Decomposers
c)
Photosynthetic
d)
Prokaryotes
25.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
26.
What law states that in Tt the person will only show the dominant allele
a)
law of segregation
b)
law of independent assortment
c)
law of dominance
d)
law of punnett squares
27.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
28.

Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Homozygous

d)

Sex-linked

29.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
30.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
31.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
32.
The "Father of Genetics"
a)
Isaac Newton
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Albert Einstein
d)
Robert Hooke
33.
The genetic makeup of a trait.  (The letters represent this)
a)
Genes
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Characteristics
34.
The hidden trait.  You need two of these alleles for the trait to show.
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
c)
Hidden
d)
Overt
35.
If a trait is homozygous the letters are the 
a)
Same
b)
Different
36.
If you are homozygous recessive, the genotype would be 
a)
AA
b)
aa
c)
Aa
37.
The law that states that when an organism is hybrid for a pair of contrasting traits, the dominant trait is the one that is shown. 
a)
Law of Dominance
b)
Law of Independent Assortment
c)
Law of of Segregation
d)
Law of Incomplete Dominance
38.

A version or variation of a gene

a)

trait

b)

gene

c)

allele

d)

DNA

39.

The alleles that an organism has/inherits are its

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

chromosome

d)

recessive

40.

The observable expression of a trait is its

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

chromosome

d)

allele

41.
Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
a)
plants only
b)
animals only 
c)
pea plants only 
d)
all organisms that reproduce sexually
42.

What are the proper complementary base-pairs?

a)

A--T and G--C

b)

A--G and C--T

c)

G--T and A--C

d)

A--C and T--G

43.

T A G G A C T


The complementary strand is...

a)

T A G G A C T

b)

A T G G T G A

c)

A T C C T G A

d)

T T C C A G T

44.

If a strand of DNA has 39% Cytosine, it has...

a)

39% Adenine

b)

39% Guanine

c)

39% Thymine

d)

39% combined Cytosine and Guanine

45.

If there is 22% Cytosine, how much of all the other bases are there?

a)

22% C, 22% G, 28% A, and 28%T

b)

22% C, 28% G, 22% A, and 28%T

c)

28% C, 28% G, 28% A, and 28%T

d)

22% C, 22% G, 22% A, and 22%T

46.

Built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

47.

Provided clear x-ray crystallography images of DNA

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

48.

Discovered that there was the same amount of A and T in a cell, and C and G in a cell.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

49.

basic structural unit of DNA. Examples: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

a)

nucleotide

b)

phosphate

c)

ribose sugar

d)

enzyme

50.
What does this picture represent?
a)
amino acid
b)
base pairing
c)
nucleotide
d)
the DNA molecule
51.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
DNA is single-stranded
b)
RNA is single-stranded
c)
DNA contains uracil
d)
RNA contains deoxyribose
52.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
53.

An inherited trait that helps those organisms that have it to survive

a)

niche

b)

structure

c)

characteristic

d)

adaptation

54.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
55.

What

type

of structure?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Embryological

d)

Vestigial

56.

What

type

of structure?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Embryological

d)

Vestigial

57.

What

type

of structure?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Embryological

d)

Vestigial

58.

What

type

of structure?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Embryological

d)

Vestigial

59.
Darwin theorized that individuals having an advantage due to their traits or abilities will be more likely to survive and reproduce.  This theory is known as
a)
evolution
b)
speciation
c)
adaptation
d)
natural selection
60.
What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
a)
Their feathers 
b)
Genotypes 
c)
Their beaks
d)
Their body sizes
61.
According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? 
a)
Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
b)
Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. 
c)
Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
d)
Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. 
62.

According to scientists, the Earth is approximately this many years old.

a)

4.6 billion

b)

13.7 billion

c)

7.0 billion

d)

5.0 billion

e)

3.4 million

63.

What scientist explains that the geological occurrences that happened in the past and ARE STILL HAPPENING today?

a)

James Hutton

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Alfred Wallace

d)

Charles Lyell

64.

What scientist concluded that if the population continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient food/space?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Thomas Malthus

c)

James Hutton

d)

Charles Lyell

65.

Who would have stated "acquired traits" such as a giraffe needing a long neck so they stretch it over time

a)

Darwin

b)

Lamarck

66.
Invertebrates are animals
a)
with a backbone
b)
without a backbone
67.
I am spiny, have a water vascular system with tube feet, radial symmetry, and am called a brittle star.
a)
Mullosk
b)
Arthropod
c)
Echinoderm
d)
Cnidarian
68.
I am an arachnid, have four pairs of legs, and a body with two sections.
a)
Echinoderm
b)
Arthropod
c)
Annelid
d)
Porifera
69.
I have a soft-body, a hard shell, and live on land and water.  What am I?
a)
Mollusk
b)
Arthropod
c)
Echinoderm
d)
Cnidarian
70.
I have three pairs of legs and a body divided into three sections.  As a butterfly, I have wings.
a)
Echinoderm
b)
Annelid
c)
Arthropod
d)
Mollusk
71.

To what phylum do I belong?

a)

Annelid

b)

Mollusk

c)

Echinoderm

d)

Cnidarian

72.

The scientific name "Felis catus" includes which of the following taxonomic categories?

a)

Genus and species

b)

Kingdom and phylum

c)

Class and order

d)

Species and subspecies

73.

In which Domain can Kingdom Animalia be found?

a)

Archea

b)

Bacteria

c)

Eukarya

74.

Characteristics of animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, and _________________

a)

autotrophic

b)

heterotrophic

75.

State the phylum of this organism

a)

Porifera

b)

Arthropoda

c)

Cnidaria

d)

Molluska

76.

State the phylum of this organsim

a)

Mollusca

b)

Porifera

c)

Arthropoda

d)

Cnidaria

77.
Organisms that are able to maintain their internal temperature are considered...
a)
Ectothermic
b)
Endothermic
78.
Amphibians life cycle consists of...
a)
terrestrial larvae and aquatic adult
b)
aquatic adult and aquatic larvae
c)
terrestrial larvae and terrestrial adult
d)
aquatic larvae and terrestrial adult
79.
Which of the following is NOT true of mammals?
a)
They have mammary glands
b)
They are endothermic
c)
They have a 3 chambered heart
d)
They have hair
80.
Which organ do earthworms and birds have in common?
a)
Crop
b)
Aortic Arches
c)
Mammary glands
d)
Pancreas
81.
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
lytic
b)
mitosis
c)
lysogenic
d)
S phase
82.
What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...
a)
store genetic information
b)
have chloroplasts
c)
use glucose for cellular respiration
d)
have endoplasmic reticulum
83.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
84.
A Pathogen is a
a)
disease causing agent
b)
endospore
c)
bacteria
d)
virus
85.
What cycle involves newly formed viruses being released from a bursting host cell?
a)
Lytic Cycle
b)
Lysogenic Cycle
c)
Bacterial Cycle
d)
Nitrogen Cycle 
86.
How does a virus cause a person to develop the common cold?
a)
invades the host cell to reproduce
b)
removes energy from the host cell
c)
produces toxins in the host cell
d)
protects the host cell from bacteria
87.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
88.
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
a)
True
b)
False
89.
What number is pointing to the flagella?
a)
1
b)
5
c)
6
d)
7
90.

Which of the following is not under the Cell Theory?

a)

Cells are the basic unit of life

b)

All organisms are made up of cells

c)

Cells came from other cells

d)

A cell is an indestructible particle

91.

three shapes of Prokaryotes

a)

rod, cone, spiral

b)

round, cone rod

c)

round, rod, spiral

92.

A Prokaryote is

a)

unicellular

b)

no nucleus

c)

living

d)

eukaryote

93.

Which cell structure do all prokaryotes (bacteria) lack?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

cell wall

c)

nucleus

d)

DNA

94.

Which of the following can be used to classify or identify bacteria?

a)

how it moves

b)

shape

c)

if it has RNA

d)

if it has DNA

95.

What is the shape of this bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

spirillum

c)

bacillus

d)

hexagon

96.

What is the shape of this bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

spirilla

c)

bacillus

97.

What is the shape of this bacteria?

a)

cocci

b)

spirilla

c)

bacillus

98.

This type of bacteria uses surrounding chemicals to make food instead of light?

a)

photoautotrophic

b)

chemoautotrophic

c)

photosynathetic

99.

These bacteria use sunlight to make their food.

a)

heterotrophs

b)

chemosynthetic

c)

photoautrotophic

d)

consumers

100.

This type of reproduction is a type of sexual reproduction that involves two bacteria.

a)

conjugation

b)

binary fission

c)

budding

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