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WorksheetsIB Biology SY22 Cumulative Review
Total questions: 145
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
What is the correct arrangement for the components of one strand in a DNA molecule?
The data shows part of the genetic code for mRNA. Which anticodon could be found on a tRNA molecule bonded to lysine?
AAG
UUC
TTT
GAA
Which features of phospholipids give them their amphipathic properties?
Basic phosphate groups and acidic lipids
Acidic phosphate groups and basic lipids
Hydrophobic phosphate groups and hydrophilic fatty acids
Hydrophilic phosphate groups and hydrophobic fatty acids
The image shows the northern sea nettle (Chrysaora melanaster). To which phylum does C. melanaster belong?
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelmintha
Annelida
The cladogram shows one theory of how species of hominin evolved. What can be deduced using the information in the cladogram?
The closest species to K. platyops is A. africanus.
A. afarensis is extinct.
The DNA of H. sapiens is the same as that of H. ergaster.
H. sapiens and P. robustus shared a common ancestor.
How do both mitochondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
They have double membranes.
They have 80S ribosomes similar to prokaryotes.
They contain the same DNA as the nucleus of the cell.
They exist together in eukaryote cells for their mutual benefit.
The graph shows the mitotic index in the roots of lentil plants at different distances from the end of the root. What can be deduced from the graph?
As the distance from the end of the root increases, more cells are undergoing mitosis.
At 0.5 mm from the end of the root, most of the cells are in prophase.
There were fewer cells observed at 1.5 mm than at 0.5 mm.
As the distance from the end of the root increases, the percentage of cells in interphase increases.
Testosterone is a hormone that is important for male reproductive development. To which group of compounds does testosterone belong?
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Amino Acids
What is the benefit to living organisms that water has a high specific heat capacity?
Heat can be lost from the skin when sweat evaporates.
Aquatic environments do not have a great fluctuation in their temperature.
The amount of heat stored by water is highly predictable.
It allows water to be a solvent for chemical reactions at body temperature.
To which phylum does the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus belong?
Annelida
Cnidaria
Platyhelmintha
Arthropoda
Rosalind Franklin produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA. Which previously unknown aspect of DNA was deduced from these images?
Chromosomes are made of DNA.
Deoxyribose sugar is attached to a phosphate group.
The base A pairs with T and C with G.
The DNA molecule is a double helix.
What is the primary function of the free ribosomes shown in the electron micrograph?
Synthesize proteins to be used within the cell
Synthesize proteins for use in lysosomes
Carry amino acids to mRNA for protein synthesis
Synthesize proteins for secretion
The diagrams show how monosaccharide molecules are joined to form chains in two polysaccharides. Which diagram and monosaccharide represent glycogen?
Diagram: P
Monosaccharide: glucose
Diagram: P
Monosaccharide: maltose
Diagram: Q
Monosaccharide: glucose
Diagram: Q
Monosaccharide: maltose
In mammals, mature red blood cells are specialized in that they lack nuclei, mitochondria or ribosomes. Which statement applies to red blood cells?
No chemical reactions take place within their cytoplasm.
They cannot produce new enzymes.
Materials cannot enter red blood cells.
Materials cannot exit red blood cells.
Which molecule is depicted in the diagram?
a saturated fatty acid
an unsaturated fatty acid
a trans fat
a vegetable oil
What is the term for the attraction of water molecules to other water molecules?
surface tension
capillary action
cohesion
adhesion
Which statement applies to enzymes?
Enzyme function depends on collisions between substrate and active sites.
One active site typically binds to a broad range of substrates
The active site on the substrate is specific to one enzyme.
When enzymes are immobilized, they stop working.
Which enzyme is matched to its function?
A
B
C
D
What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.
Both contain grana.
Both occur in all eukaryotic cells.
Both are found in a Paramecium.
A locust is an arthropod. For invertebrate groups, which recognition feature is found only in arthropods?
Bilateral symmetry
Jointed appendages
Wings
Segmented body
The Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure proposed that membranes were composed of a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins, as shown in this diagram. What evidence supported this model?
An electron micrograph that showed two dark lines with a lighter band in between
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
Evidence that all membranes are identical
The hydrophobic regions of protein would be in contact with water
A human organ is being prepared for transplant. In what type of solution must it be bathed?
A hypertonic solution
A hypotonic solution
Pure water containing no solutes
A solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue
Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory?
Striated muscle fibers
A single-celled alga carrying out all of the functions of life
The artificial synthesis of the organic molecule urea
A multicellular organism with cells undertaking specialized roles
Which statement applies to cholesterol?
It is hydrophobic and found on the outside of the phospholipid bilayer.
It is hydrophilic and found inside the phospholipid bilayer.
It impacts membrane fluidity.
It is transported in association with glucose in the blood.
A tissue sample was examined under the microscope in order to determine a mitotic index. The number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle was determined and the data were entered into a table. What is the mitotic index?
remember: calculators are NOT allowed on paper 1
0.125
0.25
0.75
1.00
What distinguishes cellulose from glycogen and starch?
Only cellulose is found in plants.
Only cellulose is made up of glucose monomers.
Cellulose is far more branched than starch and glycogen.
Cellulose has a structural role whereas starch and glycogen function in energy storage.
The hydrolysis of a pure sample of an organic molecule produces a pentose sugar, thymine, guanine and cytosine. What other substances could be expected to be present in the hydrolyzed sample?
RNA
Uracil
Phosphate
ATP
The diagrams represent cells with the same concentration of dissolved substances in their cytoplasm. If all the cells were placed in the same hypertonic sucrose solution, which cell would show the greatest rate of change in the concentration of its cytoplasm?
A
B
C
D
Bacteria cultured in a medium containing only 15N were transferred to a medium containing only 14N and allowed to complete one round of replication. The DNA in bacteria produced as a result of replication on the 14N medium was extracted and subjected to cesium chloride centrifugation which separates DNA molecules according to their density. Which centrifuge tube shows the arrangement of bands observed after one round of replication?
Tube 3
Tube 4
Tube 5
Tube 6
What function is performed by the part of the cell shown in the electron micrograph?
locomotion
synthesis of proteins
movement of chromosomes
breakdown of cellular organelles
The images show a structure found on members of a phylum of green plants. What is the name of the phylum to which the organisms belong?
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Filicinophyta
Bryophyta
What special property of phospholipid molecules explains their ability to spontaneously assemble into a lipid bilayer?
They are hydrophobic.
They are amphipathic.
They are saturated.
They are hydrophilic
Which graph best represents the relationship between the concentration of chloride ions in the external environment of a cell and the rate at which the chloride ions move by facilitated diffusion into the cytoplasm of the cell?
A
B
C
D
Which statement is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
Chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.
Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically.
RNA is self-replicating.
Which process is an example of catabolism?
Translation of mRNA
Replication of DNA
Hydrolysis of protein
Synthesis of a disaccharide
What property of water accounts for its usefulness as a coolant in sweat?
High specific heat capacity
High latent heat of vaporization
High boiling point
High melting point
Which feature is common to both mRNA and DNA?
Covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides
Hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine
Ribose sugar attached to phosphate
Antiparallel arrangement of polynucleotide strands
The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt solutions. Which process explains the observations shown in the images?
Active transport
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Which regions of DNA code for the production of specific proteins?
Telomeres
Genes for ribosomal RNA
Exons
Regulators of gene expression
Which statement applies to tRNA?
There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with each known amino acid.
One type of tRNA can combine with all of the known amino acids.
tRNA carries out its main role within the nucleus.
tRNA is produced by the process of translation.
Which solution has the highest salt concentration?
The original solution
Solution 1
Solution 2
Solution 3
The graph shows the progress of the same enzyme-controlled reaction at two different temperatures. Which statement is clearly supported by the data?
The amount of product produced initially occurs at a lower rate at 40 °C
The optimum temperature for the reaction is 40 °C
The lower the temperature, the slower the rate of the reaction
The enzyme is denatured at 40 °C
The image shows an electron micrograph of virus particles known to infect the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicemia in humans and animals. What does a virus have in common with a living cell?
70S ribosomes
Genetic material
Reproduction by binary fission
Anaerobic respiration
Three cell types are shown in the micrographs. What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?
Mitochondria
Nucleoid regions
Multinucleate structure
Membrane-bound organelles
What is a feature of transcription in the single-celled organism shown in the electron micrograph?
mRNA splicing
Removal of introns
Codon-anticodon binding
Synthesis of RNA in a 5′ to 3′ direction
The mRNA codon UAC codes for the amino acid tyrosine. Which tRNA carries tyrosine?
A
B
C
D
When does DNA replication occur?
S phase of interphase
Early prophase
G phase of interphase
Late prophase
The diagram shows part of a molecule. What is the molecule?
Amylose
Celluose
Collogen
Amylopectin
Which organic molecules may contain the element sulphur?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Phospholipids
Nucleic acids
The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell. What is the name of the cell component labelled Y?
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Which feature of the cell in the micrograph is consistent with the endosymbiotic theory?
X has a single membrane.
Y has a double membrane.
X contains 70S ribosomes.
Y contains 80S ribosomes.
An animal has the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, mouth but no anus, ribbon shape. Which phylum does the animal belong to?
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Annelida
Platyhelmintha
The cladogram shows some of the groups in the three domains.
What domains do X, Y and Z represent?
X: prokaryote
Y: archaea
Z: eukaryote
X: archaea
Y: eubacteria
Z: prokaryote
X: eubacteria
Y: archaea
Z: eukaryote
X: eubacteria
Y: prokaryote
Z: eukaryote
The diagram shows a section through a membrane. What are the modes of transport in the diagram?
I: simple diffusion
II: osmosis
I: active transport
II: facilitated diffision
I: simple diffusion
II: facilitated diffusion
I: facilitated diffusion
II: active transport
How many chromosomes are there in a cell during anaphase of mitosis, if the diploid number of the cell is 20?
10
20
40
80
What are the type of reaction and the product(s) shown in this reaction?
Reaction: condensation
Product(s):
two nucleotides
Reaction: condensation
Product(s):
one nucleotide
Reaction: hydrolysis
Product(s):
two nucleotides
Reaction: hydrolysis
Product(s):
one nucleotide
The diagram represents transcription and translation.
What structures do the letters X and Y represent?
X: DNA
Y: anticodon
X: mRNA
Y: anticodon
X: DNA
Y: codon
X: mRNA
Y: codon
Chlorella and Paramecium are both unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater. Chlorella is photosynthetic and has a cell wall. Which organelle will be found in Paramecium but not in Chlorella?
Chloroplast
Contractile vacuole
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Which are two proteins that assist in the unwinding and separation of DNA strands during replication?
Helicase and DNA polymerase III
DNA gyrase and DNA polymerase I
Helicase and DNA primase
Single-strand binding protein and DNA gyrase
The diagram shows the three-dimensional structure of tRNA. What can attach to the region marked X?
mRNA
An amino acid
An anticodon
The P site of the ribosome
The electron micrograph shows a thin section through a plant mesophyll cell. What is the magnification of the image?
Remember: Calculators are not permitted on the the paper 1 exam.
x75
x300
x3000
x7500
What effect do changes in pH have on enzymes?
All enzymes increase in activity as pH increases.
The activity of all enzymes is reduced by a pH below or above 7.
Low pH causes reversible denaturation in all enzymes.
Extreme pH can alter the active site of all enzymes.
For what did Meselson and Stahl’s work provide evidence?
The abiotic origin of organic molecules
The cell theory
The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
The semi-conservative replication of DNA
An organism has the following characteristics:
- single opening for ingestion and egestion
- radial symmetry
- tentacles with stinging cells.
In what phylum would it most likely be classified?
Annelida
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Porifera
Which organism is a member of the filicinophyta? (Note that these are not to scale)
A
B
C
D
Which statement provides evidence for endosymbiosis?
Early prokaryotes contributed to a large increase in oxygen in the atmosphere.
Eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA.
Certain groups of ancient prokaryotes developed mechanisms to carry out aerobic respiration.
Experiments by Miller and Urey produced simple organic molecules in abiotic conditions.
In the micrograph, which letter points to a cell in anaphase?
A
B
C
D
Students examined micrographs and counted cells in the different stages of mitosis as well as those cells with no visible chromosomes. The table shows their results. What is the mitotic index?
Remember: Calculators are not permitted on the paper 1 exam.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
In which processes are macromolecules broken down into monomers?
Anabolism and catabolism
Catabolism and hydrolysis
Hydrolysis and reduction
Reduction and anabolism
Which of the molecules shown would be most suitable for long-term energy storage in humans?
A
B
C
D
What is a property of water?
Water has a low specific heat capacity so large increases in heat energy cause a small temperature change.
Water is an excellent solvent for non-polar substances.
Covalent bonds between adjacent water molecules are responsible for its unique properties.
Water molecules are highly cohesive which is important for transport in xylem.
What is a function of DNA polymerase I?
Adds nucleotides in a 5’ to 3’ direction to elongate the chain
Uncoils the DNA double helix and splits it into two template strands
Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
Produces sugar-phosphate bonds to link Okazaki fragments
How do R group interactions contribute to protein structure?
I. Determining the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure
II. Stabilizing beta pleated sheets in the secondary structure
III. Stabilizing further foldings of a polypeptide into a tertiary structure
I only
II and III only
III only
I, II, and III
The diagram shows mRNA codons.
The mRNA sequence UGGAACGUA codes for what amino acid sequence?
Glycine-Glutamine-Methionine
Methionine-Glutamine-Glycine
Threonine-Valine-Histidine
Tryptophan-Asparagine-Valine
Which graph represents the change in cell surface area to volume ratio with increasing cell diameter?
A
B
C
D
The gene that codes for a particular polypeptide includes the base sequence shown.
GAGTACCCT
What is the base sequence of the mRNA molecule which is complementary to this sequence?
GAGTACCCT
CTCATGGGA
GUGTUCCCT
CUCAUGGGA
The image shows an electron micrograph of part of a cell. Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common?
They are surrounded by a double membrane.
They contain 70S ribosomes.
They contain naked DNA.
They are only found in leaf cells.
The image shows an organism belonging to the Kingdom Animalia. What feature does this organism have in common with all members of the phylum chordata?
Legs and wings
Mouth but no anus
Bilateral symmetry
Chitinous exoskeleton
Which process(es) occur(s) by osmosis?
I. Uptake of water by cells in the wall of the intestine
II. Loss of water from a plant cell in a hypertonic environment
III. Evaporation of water from sweat on the skin surface
I only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
The table shows the number of cells in various stages of the cell cycle in four samples of ovarian tissue from different patients.
Which tissue sample A, B, C or D has the highest mitotic index?
A
B
C
D
What type of molecule is formed by the chemical reaction shown in the diagram?
Dipeptide
Disaccharide
Diglyceride
Cellulose
Which substance must be transported in the blood by lipoprotein complexes?
Cholesterol
Oxygen
Sodium chloride
Amino acids
What is found in insulin molecules?
Phosphates
Nucleotides
Peptide bonds
Glycerol
The graph shows the results of an investigation into the activity of turnip peroxidase. The accumulation of the product of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is shown at different pH values. Based on the data in the graph, what is most probably the optimum pH for turnip peroxidase?
Between 3 and 5
Between 10 and 11
Between 7 and 8
Between 9 and 10
Which structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
Pili
Cell walls
Flagella
Lactose intolerance occurs when the enzyme, lactase, that digests lactose is not produced after infancy in humans. The incidence of lactose intolerance varies in different racial groups. The graph shows the distribution of lactose intolerance in different human populations. What can be hypothesized from the graph?
Native American people produce most lactase after infancy.
Most Indian people do not produce lactase after infancy.
Lactase is not produced after infancy in most Caucasian people.
One quarter of Afro-Caribbean people will probably experience digestive problems when drinking milk.
The diagram shows a type of fatty acid. What type of fatty acid is shown?
Trans unsaturated
Cis unsaturated
Trans saturated
Cis saturated
The magnification of the micrograph is 2000×
and the image size is 200 μm.
What is the maximum diameter of the nucleus in the cell labelled X?
10 μm
10 nm
20 μm
20 nm
If seeds of an unknown species of plant are discovered, what assumption can be made about the species?
Its male gametes are contained within pollen.
Its seeds are contained within fruits.
It is in the domain archaea.
It is in the phylum angiospermophyta.
Which phyla have bilateral symmetry?
annelida, arthropoda, platyhelmintha
porifera, arthropoda, platyhelmintha
cnidaria, porifera, mollusca
porifera, annelida, mollusca
Which is the hierarchy of taxa in order of decreasing numbers of species?
domain, phylum, order, family
phylum, order, family, class
domain, phylum, order, class
phylum, class, family, order
The image shows a micrograph of a cell. What explains the appearance of the cell in the micrograph?
The cell is dying
The DNA is replicating
The cell is in metaphase
The cell is in telophase
Which processes are involved in the development of cancer?
I. Mutations occur in oncogenes.
II. Oncogenes prevent cancer.
III. Oncogenes affect cell cycle regulatory proteins.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III
Where do hydrogen bonds form?
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen within a water molecule
Between the slight positive charge of hydrogen and slight negative charge of oxygen in different water molecules
Between the slight negative charge of hydrogen and slight positive charge of oxygen in different water molecules
The table shows concentrations of potassium ions and sodium ions inside and outside human cells. What explains these concentrations?
Potassium ions diffuse in and sodium ions diffuse out.
Sodium ions diffuse in and potassium ions diffuse out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions in and potassium ions out.
Active transport pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in.
The diagram shows two polysaccharides, formed from condensation of many glucose molecules.
What are the names of X and Y?
X: glycogen
Y: amylose
X: amylopectin
Y: amylase
X: amylase
Y: glycogen
X: amylose
Y: amylopectin
Which features can be found within an animal cell and a photosynthetic bacterium?
Chloroplasts
Multiple nuclei
70s ribosomes
Lysosomes
What contribution did the X-ray diffraction conducted by Rosalind Franklin make to our understanding of DNA?
It identified DNA as the genetic material.
It indicated the helical shape of the molecule.
It showed that the DNA of eukaryotes was associated with histone proteins.
It showed that replication was a semi-conservative process.
Which is an essential feature of the Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure?
A phospholipid monolayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
A layer of protein sandwiched between two layers of lipid
A phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins
A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein
Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.2 J g–1 K–1 at room temperature, a latent heat of vaporization equal to 2257 J g–1, and a boiling point of 100 °C. What are the specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporization and boiling point of methane?
A
B
C
D
What is common to RNA and DNA?
Thymine
Nitrogenous bases
Histones
Deoxyribose
What are the functions of DNA primase and DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
A
B
C
D
What applies to DNA base sequences?
I. Some genes do not code for proteins.
II. Promoters are transcribed along with the gene.
III. Introns are only found within genes coding for proteins.
I only
II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
Which protein is identified with its function?
A
B
C
D
Which is the hierarchy of taxa in order of increasing numbers of species?
genus, family, order, class
class, order, genus, family
genus, family, class, order
class, order, family, genus
The graph shows the activity of an enzyme at different temperatures. What does the dashed line in the graph represent?
Increasing temperature increases substrate concentration.
Increasing temperature affects the active site.
Increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction.
Increasing temperature decreases the movement of particles.
If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell types in a body?
Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.
Cells lose some genes as development occurs.
Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.
Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.
Living organisms control pH within their tissues. What is a reason for regulating pH?
All parts of a body must be kept at the same pH to survive.
Many reactions can only happen at specific pH levels.
pH affects osmosis.
Control of active transport is achieved by pH.
The electron micrograph shows part of a cell. Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
A
B
C
D
The images show a guinea pig, a mouse, a horse and a whale. Which features support the classification of these four species in the same class?
All are warm-blooded and breathe air.
All have evolved from primates.
All have hair or fur and feed their young with milk.
All have a notochord, vertebrae and give birth to live young.
The cladogram shows the relationships of five species I to V.
Which species is/are most closely related to IV?
V only
II and III
III and V
II, III, and V
The chart shows features of three organisms X, Y and Z. To which domain does each organism belong?
X: Animalia
Y: Eukaryote
Z: Prokaryote
X: Eukaryote
Y: Eubacteria
Z: Archaea
X: Eubacteria
Y: Archaea
Z: Plantae
X: Eukaryote
Y: Archaea
Z: Eubacteria
The images are microscopic views of two similar cells. What is a reason for the differences between the two micrographs?
The lower image has a higher magnification.
The lower image has greater resolution.
A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image.
The upper image is an electron micrograph.
What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance with the fluid mosaic model?
A
B
C
D
How does mitosis produce two genetically identical nuclei?
By separation of homologous chromosomes
By separation of sister chromatids
By division of the cytoplasm into two equal cells
By division of the nuclear membrane into two equal parts
Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism?
Photolysis
Combustion
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Where are amino acids joined together to make polypeptides?
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
The table shows some codons for five amino acids.
Which of these DNA strands will code for the amino acid sequence glycine-serine-glycine?
CCUUCGCCG
CCTTCGCCG
GGAAGCGGA
CCUUCGCCU
The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans.
Which terms identify the structures labelled I and II in the image?
I: cell membrane
II: vesicle
I: cell wall
II: chloroplast
I: cell membrane
II: mitochondrion
I: cell wall
II: mitochondrion
In a copy of Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment, broth was put into flasks as shown in the diagrams. What results would be expected with no spontaneous generation of life?
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flask W.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W and X.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Y.
Decomposition of broth by microbes occurred only in Flasks W, X and Z.
The graph shows the effect of changing the substrate concentration on the early stages of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. What can be interpreted about the rate of reaction from the graph?
Rate of reaction increases up to a point and then remains constant.
Rate of reaction increases linearly with increasing substrate concentration.
Rate of reaction increases non-linearly with increasing substrate concentration.
Rate of reaction is not affected by any change in the substrate concentration.
What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell structure?
They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.
They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.
They have plasmids.
They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. What parts of nucleotides are joined together in both DNA and RNA to make these polymers?
Large nitrogenous bases with small nitrogenous bases
Nitrogenous bases with hexose sugars
Nitrogenous bases with phosphates
Pentose sugars with phosphates
What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?
Take place in cell nucleus
Require free nucleotides
Catalyzed by polymeras
Complementary base pairing
Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?
A
B
C
D
Which phylum shows radial symmetry?Annelida
Annelida
Cnidaria
Platyhelmintha
Porifera
Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?
Chloroplast
Nucleoid
80S ribosome
Vacuole
The concentrations of cyclins rise and fall in cells at certain times. What times are these?
Day and night
Seasons of the year
Stages of mitosis and interphase
Developmental stages in the life cycle
What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life?
Its abundance in nature
Its bonding properties
Its reactivity to light
Its presence in the early atmosphere of the Earth
Researchers have developed a skin patch which can detect and measure very small concentrations of ions, sugars, amino acids, proteins and hormones which remain when sweat evaporates. What allows the presence of these substances in sweat?
Cohesion
Hydrophobic interactions
Solvent properties
Thermal properties
Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when stretched)?
Cellulose
Actin
Spider silk
Albumin
Some yeast genes can be replaced by human genes that then continue to produce the same human proteins in the yeast cells. Which statement helps to explain this evidence?
The DNA of yeast and humans is identical.
Yeast and humans have the same number of chromosomes.
The genetic code is universal.
Yeast and humans are both eukaryotes.
The image shows an electron micrograph of a cell. Which organelles correspond to the labels in the electron micrograph of this cell?
I: secretory vesicles
II: Golgi apparatus
III: mitochondria
I: mitochondria
II: Golgi apparatus
III: secretory vesicles
I: secretory vesicles
II: rough ER
III: mitochondria
I: mitochondria
II: rough ER
III: secretory vesicles
Which invertebrate phylum is characterized by a segmented body and bilateral symmetry?
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Porifera
Cnidaria
Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes?
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
Glycoprotein
Peripheral protein
Pasteur carried out a series of experiments that provided strong evidence against a widely supported theory. What was this theory?
Endosymbiosis
Spontaneous generation
Conservative replication of DNA
Evolution
The image shows cells in the different stages of mitosis. Which cell is in telophase?
A
B
C
D
At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference?
Higher molecular mass of water
Dipolarity of water
Presence of more hydrogen in methane
Higher boiling point of methane
What does eukaryotic DNA have that is missing from prokaryotic DNA?
Uracil
Promoter DNA
Introns
Coding sequences
What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?
Take place in cell nucleus
Require free nucleotides
Catalysed by polymerase
Complementary base pairing
Gene expression in cells is regulated at various stages. During which stage does splicing of RNA occur?
During replication
During transcription
Post transcription
Translation
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5 %. What will be the likely response?
The cell will gain water from the medium.
The cell will lose salt to the medium.
The cell will remain unchanged.
The cell will shrink from loss of water.
Which molecule could be hydrolyzed into amino acids?
A
B
C
D
Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth’s atmosphere?
Cohesive
Thermal
Transparency
Adhesive
Three flasks were prepared for an analysis of the activity of amylase. At time zero, each of the substances indicated in the diagrams was added. Which flask(s) could provide support for the hypothesis that heat denatures enzymes?
Flasks I and II after 15 minutes
Flasks II and III after 15 minutes
Flasks I and III after 15 minutes
Flask III at time zero and again after 15 minutes
