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STAAR Biology RC Review

Total questions: 132

Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What biomolecule do enzymes belong to? 
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Protein
2.
Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
3.
Which biomolecule is found in fats, oils, and waxes and is a source of long-term energy? 
a)
Proteins
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipids
4.
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
a)
Stores genetic information
b)
Stores energy
c)
Quick source of energy
d)
Builds structures
5.
Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and contain you DNA?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipids
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
6.

Which biomolecule helps form muscles?

a)

Nucleic Acid

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Lipids

7.
Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acid
8.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
9.

How does most of the water needed by the plant get into its leaves?

a)

It enters through the stomata

b)

The roots absorb it and then it travels up the xylem

c)

It's made during a chemical reaction in the stem

d)

The flowers capture water and deliver it to the leaves

10.
Why do plants conduct photosynthesis?
a)
To make light
b)
To make mitochondria
c)
To make glucose
d)
To release carbon dioxide
11.
Which organelle in the plant cell performs photosynthesis?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Nucleus
d)
Cytoplasm
12.
How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of a plant?
a)
It's absorbed by the roots
b)
It's made in a chemical reaction in the stem
c)
It enters through the stomata
d)
It goes through the flowers
13.
What are the products of photosynthesis (what is made)?
a)
Glucose and Chlorophyll
b)
Glucose and Oxygen
c)
Water and Light
d)
Carbon dioxide and Water
14.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Stroma
d)
Thylakoid
15.
The overall goal of cellular respiration is to make:
a)
Glucose
b)
ATP
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
16.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
a)
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
b)
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
c)
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
d)
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
17.
The area that the substrate fits into on the enzyme is called the:
a)
Active Site
b)
Allosteric Site
c)
DiSulphide Bridge
d)
β-Pleated Sheet
18.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
19.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction?

a)

Increasing activation energy

b)

Decreasing activation energy

c)

Increasing deactivation energy

d)

Decreasing deactivation energy

20.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
21.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
22.
A student reads this advertisement for a product containing a plant micronutrient that can be added to soil.
Based on this information, the student can conclude that boron is absorbed by plant roots from soil and then —
a)
transported to reproductive tissues by the plant’s shoot system
b)
stored in plant stems until the flowers are pollinated
c)
concentrated in the roots until the plant’s reproductive tissues mature
d)
transported by the phloem to the stomata in leaves, where it attracts pollinators
23.
A student studying interactions between body systems constructs this table. The student plans to fill out the table with phrases that describe an interaction between each pair of systems. 
Which of these phrases could be placed in the position marked with an X? 
a)
Provides nutrients to kidney cells
b)
Provides nutrients to brain cells
c)
Provides nutrients to nerve cells
d)
Provides nutrients to muscle cells 
24.
The picture shows bean-shaped glands called nodes. The clusters of cells in nodes include macrophages that break down viruses and other potentially harmful materials. Nodes also contain cells that produce protein particles capable of capturing harmful materials that flow in tissue fluid through the nodes. Different parts of the body are drained by nodes in different regions of the body.
Which body systems are directly responsible for regulating these nodes and protecting the body from harmful materials in tissue fluid?
a)
Immune and lymphatic systems
b)
Digestive and nervous systems
c)
Endocrine and digestive systems
d)
Circulatory and nervous systems
25.
Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower.
Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?
a)
X Pollen production
Y Pollen transfer
Z Production of eggs
b)
X Attraction of pollinators
Y Production of male sex cells
Z Egg production and embryo development
c)
X Protection for embryo
Y Supply nourishment to embryo
Z Place of embryonic development
d)
X Photosynthesis
Y Production of cells that protect internal organs
Z Production of egg and sperm
26.
Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
27.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
28.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
29.

A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.

a)

Replication

b)

Translation

c)

Transcription

d)

Protein Synthesis

30.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
31.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA?
a)
 Met-Pro-Val-Stop
b)
Met-Pro-Arg-Stop
c)
 Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
32.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU 
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
33.
What is transcription?
a)
When DNA is turned into RNA
b)
When RNA is turned into proteins
c)
When proteins are turned into DNA
d)
When proteins are turned in RNA
34.
What is translation?
a)
When DNA is turned into RNA
b)
When RNA is turned into proteins
c)
When proteins are turned into DNA
d)
When proteins are turned in RNA
35.
Which is the organelle that makes proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Rough ER
d)
Golgi Apparatus
36.
Where is the DNA located?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Rough ER
37.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
38.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
39.
What is a Gene?
a)
A chromosome
b)
A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
40.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
41.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
42.
Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?
a)
Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring
b)
Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.
c)
No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring
43.
Why is crossing over important?
a)
Increases the number of genes that can be inherited
b)
Increases genetic variation
c)
Decreases the occurrence of genetic diseases
d)
Decreases the number of genes that can be inherited
44.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
c)
Independent assortment
d)
Recessive inheritance
45.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
46.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
47.
Which of the following genotypes would be considered heterozygous?
a)
BB
b)
gg
c)
Ff
d)
TT
48.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
49.

An organism's genetic makeup

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

heterzygous

d)

allele

50.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)

Gametes

b)

Somatic cells

51.
In a parasitic relationship, one organism is ___________ and one organism is benefiting. 
a)
helped
b)
harmed
c)
not effected
d)
happy
52.
In a mutual relationship, both organisms are ________________. 
a)
hurt
b)
not effected
c)
harmed
d)
benefiting 
53.
Commensalism is where one organism is benefiting and the other organism is _____________________. 
a)
not effected
b)
helped
c)
harmed
d)
hurt
54.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that feed on parasites found on an impala. The impala gets rid of parasites and the red-billed oxpeckers get a yummy dinner. This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
55.
Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs  in the flowers where  the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit.  
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
56.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the spruce tree to the tree's detriment (harm). 
a)
Mutualsim 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
57.
Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?
a)
Hawk
b)
Spider
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Shrew
58.
Which of the following is a herbivore?
a)
cricket
b)
frog
c)
hawk
d)
shrew
59.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
60.
Example of a decomposer
a)
fungus
b)
mouse
c)
plants
d)
frogs
61.

Approximately what percentage of energy is passed on to the next higher level in an energy pyramid?

a)

10%

b)

50%

c)

90%

d)

100%

62.

The diagram shows an energy pyramid.

Which level will contain plants?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

63.

Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?

a)

Owl (tertiary consumer)

b)

Grasshopper (primary consumer)

c)

Lilypad (autotroph)

d)

Lizard (secondary consumer)

64.

Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?

a)

They convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.

b)

They break down organic compounds into products used by other organisms.

c)

They release oxygen to the atmosphere.

d)

They provide energy for the synthesis of proteins.

65.

What do the arrows in the diagram represent?

a)

an increase in population

b)

the evolution of organisms

c)

ecological succession

d)

the flow of energy

66.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
67.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
ecological succession
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
68.
What is the goal of the pioneer species in Primary Succession?
a)
To kill the dead materials after a disaster
b)
To rebuild soil
c)
To feed Johnny
d)
To put fresh oxygen into the air
69.
What is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
volunteer species
c)
founder species
d)
conqueror species
70.
Which of the following is true in a climax community?
a)
the community will constantly evolve and change
b)
if one species dies, a new species will fulfill the same role
c)
They are stable for a long time, with the same species maintaining their population
d)
it goes through a major change called "climax" every few hundred years
71.
What is Ecological Succession?
a)
Competition between plants in a society
b)
A natural disaster such as a flood or fire
c)
The cycle of a tomato plant
d)
The change an ecosystem experiences over time
72.
As succession progresses, animal species diversity increases due to the fact that
a)
less soil is being created
b)
food choices increase
c)
precipitation rates stabilize
d)
temperatures moderate
73.
How many predators does the squid have?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
74.
Name the producers in this food web.
a)
seagull and fish
b)
penguin and crab
c)
phytoplankton and seaweed
d)
seaweed and zooplankton
75.
Which of the following best describes the small bird in the food web above?
a)
primary and secondary consumer
b)
secondary and tertiary consumer
c)
primary consumer only
d)
secondary consumer only
76.
A feeder fish usually follows behind sharks to pick up food scraps that they leave behind. The fish gets food and the shark is unaffected. This is an example of:
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Decomposition
77.

the theory that all organisms descended from the same ancestor

a)

common ancestry

b)

binomial nomenclature

c)

independent assortment

d)

natural selection

78.

Type of evidence that shows that a variety of organisms have existed at different times

a)

fossil record

b)

biogeography

c)

anatomical homology

d)

molecular homology

79.

What kind of homology does this show?

a)

anatomical

b)

molecular

c)

developmental

80.

process proposed by Charles Darwin by which organisms with certain favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully than others

a)

natural selection

b)

phylogeny

c)

complexity

d)

gene flow

81.

Name this element that can influence reproductive success: genes for a trait that help an organism obtain food, avoid prey or disease, or attract a math become more common in subsequent populations

a)

inherited variations

b)

environmental resources

c)

potential to produce offspring

82.

Name this element that can influence reproductive success: an organism's environment, including competition for limited resources or a change, exerts selective pressure on certain traits

a)

environmental resources

b)

potential to produce offspring

c)

inherited variations

83.

Name this element that can influence reproductive success: species with higher reproduction rates can exhibit increased reproductive success

a)

potential to produce offspring

b)

inherited variations

c)

environmental resources

84.

scientific explanation for the diversity and unity of living organisms and the changing of a species' traits over time

a)

evolution

b)

hierarchical classification

c)

phylogeny

d)

genetic drift

85.

change in gene pool caused by chance; tends to decrease a species' genetic variation

a)

genetic drift

b)

gene flow

c)

mutation

d)

recombination

86.

change in gene pool caused by the movement of organisms into or out of the population

a)

gene flow

b)

mutation

c)

recombination

d)

genetic drift

87.

sexually reproducing species have increased genetic variation because of gene crossover events during meiosis

a)

recombination

b)

genetic drift

c)

gene flow

d)

mutation

88.

study of the classification of organisms

a)

taxonomy

b)

binomial nomenclature

c)

phylogeny

d)

cladistics

89.

organism that makes its own food

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

90.

organism that depends on other organisms for food

a)

heterotroph

b)

autotroph

91.

primitive unicellular prokaryotes; some live in harsh conditions

a)

Archae

b)

Bacteria

c)

Eukarya

92.

unicellular prokaryotes; "typical"

a)

Bacteria

b)

Archae

c)

Eukarya

93.

typically unicellular eukaryotes; some autotrophs & some heterotrophs; wide variety

a)

protist

b)

fungi

c)

plant

d)

animal

94.

typically multicellular eukaryotes; heterotrophs; many are decomposers

a)

fungi

b)

plant

c)

animal

d)

protist

95.

multicellular eukaryotes; autotrophs

a)

plant

b)

animal

c)

protist

d)

fungi

96.

multicellular eukaryotes; heterotrophs

a)

animal

b)

plant

c)

protist

d)

fungi

97.

system of naming an organism using its genus and species

a)

binomial nomenclature

b)

phylogeny

c)

resources

d)

fossil record

98.

From most general to most specific.....

a)

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

b)

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

c)

kingdom, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

d)

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, domain, kingdom

99.

According to the cladogram, which organisms are most closely related?

a)

C & D

b)

A & C

c)

B & D

d)

A & D

100.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
b)
Eukaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
c)
Prokaryotic because it has a nucleus
d)
Prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
101.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic
c)
bacterial
d)
protist
102.
Which of these requires ATP?
a)

Passive Transport

b)

Active Transport

103.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
104.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
105.
What is the end result of mitosis
a)
2 cells that are identical to the parent cell
b)
4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
106.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
107.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the G1 phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
108.
Which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?
a)
Chloroplasts and cell wall
b)
Nucleus and cell membrane
109.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Homeostasis

110.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
b)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
111.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
112.

Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

passive transport

113.
This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
114.
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Cell wall
c)
Diffusion
d)
Respiration
115.
What are two types of passive transport?
a)
endo and exocytosis 
b)
cookies and milk
c)
active and passive 
d)
Osmosis and diffusion
116.
Passive transport requires no
a)
concentration gradients
b)
osmosis
c)
motion
d)
energy
117.
This cell organelle helps organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.
a)
vacuole
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cell wall
118.

Diffusion, a form of passive transport, is the movement of

a)

particles from high to low concentration

b)

particles from low to high concentration

119.
What is the first step of the virus reproduction cycle?
a)
The viruses genetic material (DNA) starts to take over the functions of the cell
b)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
c)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
d)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
120.
What is the last step in the viral reproduction cycle?
a)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
b)
The proteins and genetic material start to assemble in the cell
c)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
d)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
121.
Where do viruses reproduce?
a)
Outside of a cell
b)
Inside of a cell
c)
They do not reproduce
122.
What is a way to become immune to a disease without first having the disease?
a)
antibiotics
b)
Anti-retroviral drugs
c)
Vaccinations
d)
Exposure Therapies
123.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
124.
What is a series of events a cell goes through as they grow and divide?
a)
Cell Division
b)
Cell Cycle
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Mitosis
125.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
M phase
c)
Interphase
d)
G1 Phase
126.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
127.
During which stage of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
G1 phase
128.
During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
S phase
d)
G2 phase
129.
Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M. 
a)
G1, S, G2, M
b)
S, G1, G2, M
c)
G1, M, G2, S
d)
M, G1, S, G2
130.
Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?
a)
Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
b)
Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
c)
Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
d)
A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 
131.
How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?
a)
The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off.
b)
Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off.
c)
Genes turn on and off randomly.
d)
The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.
132.
Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting
a)
the cell cycle
b)
red blood cell formation
c)
DNA replication
d)
ATP synthesis

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136 questions

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127 questions

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136 questions

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128 questions

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130 questions

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