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WorksheetsAP Biology Review Bonanza
Total questions: 134
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
Why is water considered polar?
Nonpolar covalent bonds in structure
Ionic bonds in structure
Polar covalent bonds in structure
Hydrophobic interaction in structure
Which macromolecule(s) have nitrogen?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids & Proteins
Which macromolecule(s) have phosphorus?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Fats
Which macromolecule(s) have sulfur?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Fats
Describes the forming of a bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration
Describes the breaking of a bond within a polymer using water.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration
Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a nucleic acid?
pentose sugar
nitrogenous base
phosphate
amino acid
Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a protein?
Amine Group
R Group
Carboxyl Group
Nitrogenous Base
Describe the orientation of the phospholipids in the membrane.
Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophilic heads on exterior
Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophilic head on extracellular
Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophobic tails on exterior
Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophobic tails on extracellular
How is DNA/RNA synthesis directionally oriented?
new nucleotides are added to 5' phosphate
new nucleotides are added to 3' phosphate
new nucleotides are added to 5' hydroxyl
new nucleotides are added to 3' hydroxyl
DNA and RNA differ on many qualities, which of the following is NOT a difference?
Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group
Strandedness
Which of the following does not result from hydrogen bonding in water molecules?
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Dissolving fats
Describe the difference between rough ER and smooth ER.
Rough ER compartmentalizes cell; Smooth ER functions in detox and lipid synthesis
Rough ER functions in ribosome synthesis; Smooth ER functions in lipid synthesis
Rough ER functions in detox and lipid synthesis; Smooth ER compartmentalizes cell
Rough ER functions in lipid synthesis; Smooth ER functions in ribosome synthesis
Which organelle is a membrane-bound structure that functions in correct folding/chemical modification of proteins?
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Which is membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes?
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Which is responsible for storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waster products. In plants, aids in turgor.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Which of the following is the location for the light-dependent reactions?
grana/thylakoid membrane
matrix
stroma
cristae
Which of the following is the location for the Krebs cycle?
grana/thylakoid membrane
matrix
stroma
cristae
Which of the following is the location for the ATP synthesis in cellular respiration?
grana/thylakoid membrane
matrix
stroma
cristae
Which of the following is the location for the ATP synthesis in photosynthesis?
grana/thylakoid membrane
matrix
stroma
cristae
Describe the relationship between cell size and SA:V ratios.
As cells increase in size, the SA:V ratio increases
As cells decrease in size, the SA:V ratio decreases
As cells increase in size, the SA:V ratio decreases
Cell size has no effect on the SA:V ratio
Describe the characteristics of a membrane-bound protein.
Entire protein is hydrophilic
Entire protein is hydrophobic
Hydrophilic R group exterior cell & hydrophobic R group interior membrane
Hydrophilic R group interior membrane & hydrophobic R group interior cell
Identify which of the following will easily pass through the membrane.
Water
Protein Hormone
Steroid Hormone
Charged Ion
Identify which of the following will bind to a membrane protein (and will not enter the cell).
Water
Protein Hormone
Steroid Hormone
Charged Ion
Which of the following requires an input of energy for membrane transport?
Charged ion moving against concentration gradient
Water moving into a hypertonic cell
Charged ion moving with concentration gradient
Water moving out of a hypotonic cell
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis involves cytoplasm of a neighboring cell entering
Endocytosis involves phagocytosis or pinocytosis to bring materials in cell
Exocytosis involves cytoplasm of a neighboring cell exiting
Exocytosis involves phagocytosis or pinocytosis to remove material from cell
Which of the following correctly describe the movement of water?
Cell with 0.5M concentration will gain water from the 1.0M exterior solution
Cell with 0.5M concentration will gain water from the 0.5M exterior solution
Cell with 1.0M concentration will gain water from the 0.5M exterior solution
Cell with 0.5M concentration will lose water to the 0.5M exterior solution
Why is a eukaryotic cell able to be larger than a prokaryotic cell?
Membrane-bound organelles compartmentalize intracellular processes
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell
Absence of membrane-bound organelles allows for enzymatic reactions.
Where on an enzyme does the substrate bind?
active site
allosteric site
C-terminus
N-terminus
Which structure is unaffected by denaturation?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Which environmental conditions can cause denaturation of the enzyme?
slight increase in temperature
extreme increase in temperature
decrease in temperature
extreme increase in temperature and pH changes
Which of the following will increase the rate of the reaction?
increase product
increase substrate
increase inhibitor
increase enzyme
Describe the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.
noncompetitive binds to active site and competitive binds to other site
competitive binds to active site and noncompetitive binds to other site
competitive is irreversible and noncompetitive is reversible binding
noncompetitive is irreversible and competitive is reversible binding
What is the process of an endergonic reaction being fueled by an exergonic reaction called?
second law of thermodynamics
energy coupling
first law of thermodynamics
endergonic/exergonic switch
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP & NADH
CO2 & H2O
NADPH & ATP
Organic Compounds & O2
What is the function of the electron transport chain between Photosystem II and Photosystem I?
establish electrochemical gradient of protons
to funnel electrons into photosystem I for the Calvin cycle
transport electrons to oxygen to make water
to synthesize ATP using ATP synthase
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
thylakoid membrane
cristae
stroma
matrix
Where does the electron transport chain take place?
chloroplasts
prokaryotic plasma membrane
mitochondria
all of the choices
Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
NADPH
FADH2
NADH
NADH & FADH2
Which process releases energy in glucose to form ATP, NADH, and pyruvate?
Glycolysis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
Which process does NOT require oxygen?
Glycolysis
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Aerobic respiration
What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?
reception, transduction, response
confirmation, transduction, transcription
reception, amplification, transcription
confirmation, amplification, response
Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?
secondary messengers
protein modification
phosphorylation cascade
ligands
Which of the following is NOT a response by the cell from a signal transduction pathway?
cell growth
gene expression
secretion of molecules
all of the above are responses
Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.
confirmation change in shape of receptor
phosphorylation of ligand
ligand passes through the membrane
receptor binds additional ligands
Describe the impact of a mutation in any domain of the protein components of the transduction signaling pathway.
receptor unable to bind to ligand
no changes in transduction due to initial signal transduction from ligand
alters response of the cell
amplification of signaling pathway to bind more ligands
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
cytokinesis
mitosis
apoptosis
Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?
G0
G1
G2
S
Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?
metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
Which of the following is NOT a role of mitosis?
gametes
tissue repair
growth
asexual reproduction
Mitosis results in...
2 identical diploid cells
4 unique diploid cells
2 unique haploid cells
4 identical haploid cells
Meiosis results in _____________ because there is/are _______________.
2 identical haploid cells, 1 round of division
4 identical diploid cells, 2 rounds of division
4 unique haploid cells, 2 rounds of division
2 unique diploid cells, 1 round of division
This process involves homologous chromatids exchanging genetic material to increase genetic diversity.
crossing over
random fertilization
independent assortment
gene flow
Which of the following does NOT support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms?
DNA/RNA (genetic code) are shared by all living systems
Ribosomes are found in all forms of life
Glycolysis takes place in all organisms
All organisms undergo sexual reproduction
Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of the shown pedigree?
Autosomal Dominant
Sex-Linked Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
Sex-Linked Recessive
Describe the cause of a cross resulting in greater than 50% parental phenotypes and less then 50% recombinant phenotypes
Genes are linked on the same chromosome
Genes are located on different arms of the same chromosome
Gene are on different chromosomes
Gene are found in different gametes
In animals, traits determine by the mitochondrial DNA are inherited from the _______________.
mother
brother
father
sister
Identify the type of inheritance of the pedigree.
Sex-Linked
Mitochondrial
Autosomal
Random
Snowshoe hares are brown in summer and white in winter, describe this event.
Hares undergo phenotypic plasticity & environment influences gene express
Hares are white in winter due to the snow binding to hair follicles
Hares are brown from exposed dirt in summer
Hares remain hidden in the winter months inhibiting fur darken from sun
Describe the process of nondisjunction.
Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information
The alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate
Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase
The process of sperm and egg fusing to create a zygote
When does the process of independent assortment take place?
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
When does the process of crossing over take place?
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
What phase of meiosis describes the law of segregation?
telophase I
anaphase I
telophase II
anaphase II
Describe why a male is more likely to be affected by a sex-linked trait?
Males have only 1 Y chromosome
Females have only 1 Y chromosome
Males have only 1 X chromosome
Females have only 1 X chromosomes
How does the DNA in a prokaryote differ from a eukaryote?
Prokaryote has circular DNA, Eukaryotes has linear DNA
Prokaryote has single stranded DNA, Eukaryotes has double stranded DNA
Prokaryote has linear DNA, Eukaryotes has prokaryote DNA
Prokaryote has double stranded DNA, Eukaryotes has single stranded DNA
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have plasmids. What are plasmids?
large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules
large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules
small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules
small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules
Which of the following demonstrates base pairing rules to 5' - CAGGT - 3'
3' - TGGAC - 5'
3' - GTCCA - 5'
5' - GTCCA - 3'
5' - CAGGT - 3'
Which enzyme is responsible for relaxing supercoiling in front of the replication fork?
helicase
DNA polymerase
topoisomerase
ligase
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA strands?
helicase
DNA polymerase
topoisomerase
ligase
Which enzyme is responsible for joining the fragments on the lagging strand?
helicase
DNA polymerase
topoisomerase
ligase
Describe the difference between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.
directionality: leading = 3' -> 5', lagging = 5' -> 3'
synthesis continuity: leading = discontinuous & lagging = continuous
directionality: leading = 5' -> 3', lagging = 3' -> 5'
synthesis continuity: leading = continuous & lagging = discontinuous
How do the three types of RNA work together?
mRNA carries message, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA makes ribosome
mRNA makes ribosomes, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA relays information
mRNA carries amino acids, tRNA transfer message, and rRNA makes ribosome
mRNA is made, tRNA holds the DNA in place, and rRNA removes the deoxyribose
Which of the following are NOT post-transcriptional modifications?
5' cap
intron removal
poly-A tail
TATA box
During transcription, what is the relationship between DNA and RNA?
Template DNA is the noncoding strand, RNA reads DNA in 3' -> 5' direction
Template DNA is the coding strand, RNA reads DNA in 3' -> 5' direction
Template DNA is the noncoding strand, RNA reads DNA in 5' -> 3' direction
Template DNA is the coding strand, RNA reads DNA in 5' -> 3' direction
Where does translation take place in prokaryotes & eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes - cytosol; Eukaryotes - cytosol or nucleus
Prokaryotes - cytosol or rough ER; Eukaryotes - cytosol
Prokaryotes - cytosol; Eukaryotes - cytosol or rough ER
Prokaryotes - cytosol or nucleus; Eukaryotes - cytosol
What is the sequence of nucleotides on mRNA read in triplets called?
anticodon
codon
triplet box
wobble
How do retroviruses violate the central dogma?
Retroviruses are responsible for using DNA to synthesize more viral RNA
Retroviruses are pre-historic and existed prior to the central dogma
Retroviruses use enzymes to make DNA from RNA & integrate into host DNA
Retroviruses use host DNA to make viral RNA, then incorporate into host DNA
Which of the following describes epigenetic changes that affect gene expression?
alternative RNA splicing
post-transcriptional modification
DNA methylation or histone acetylation
operon inhibition
Identify which molecules bind to the promoter region
Ligase
Topoisomerase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Identify the primary source of genetic variation
crossing over
mutations
random fertilization
independent assortment
Which of the following genetic engineering techniques is incorrectly described?
Electrophoresis separates molecules based on size & charge
Bacterial transformation introduces DNA to bacterial cells
PCR allows for DNA fragments to be stabilized for engineering processes
DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
Which of the following best describes altruistic behaviors?
a defensive behavior in which organisms huddle all together
a selfless behavior to save the population but risk yourself
a protective behavior describing how organisms migrate
a reproductive behavior for attracting a mate through a ritual
A fruit fly vibrates its wings to serenade a potential mate. Which of the following describes the type of behavior?
audible
tactile
electrical
chemical
A cheetah urinates on a tree. Which of the following types of signals is the cheetah using?
visual
audible
tactile
chemical
Which of the following best describes the body temperature regulation for an alligator?
ectotherm that maintains body temperature through metabolism
ectotherm that maintains body temperature through behaviors
endotherm that maintains body temperature through metabolism
endotherm that maintains body temperature through behaviors
Which of the following best describes the relationship between metabolic rate per unit body mass and the size of multicellular organisms?
the smaller the organism, the higher the metabolic rate
the larger the organism, the higher the metabolic rate
the higher the surface area to volume ratio of the cells, the higher the metabolic rate
the lower the surface area to volume ratio of the cells, the higher the metabolic rate
Which of the following best describes the changes to the trophic structure with a decrease in plant population?
increase in primary and secondary consumers
decrease in primary and secondary consumers
decrease in secondary consumer, increase in primary consumer
increase in secondary consumer, decrease in primary consumer
Which of the following describes the energy resource used by chemosynthetic organisms?
small inorganic molecules preset in their environment
organic molecules broken down by the mitochondria
photons absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplast
air movement turns hairs on organismal surface
Which of the following describes the relationship of the mistletoe that gains resources and harms the mesquite tree that it grows on?
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
predator/prey
Which of the following describes the disadvantage of little species diversity in a community?
less likely to have immigration
more likely to be consumed by predators
more likely to have mutations
less resilient to changes in the environment
Which of the following is an organism that is disproportionate relative to their abundance and when removed from the ecosystem causes it to collapse?
dominant species
invasive species
keystone species
primary consumer
A group of bacteria are resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following describes HOW the bacteria became resistant?
the bacterial population got changed by the antibiotic in the environment
the bacterial population had random mutations making them favorable in the presence of the antibiotic
the bacterial population consumed the antibiotic providing a food source
the bacterial population uses the antibiotic for reproduction
Which of the following is NOT a reason for exponential growth of an invasive species?
outcompete other organisms
free of predators
free of competition
free of prey
Based on the data given in the table, which two are most closely related?
Human & Gorilla
Gorilla & Orangutan
Human & Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee & Orangutan
Based on the given cladogram, which organism is the outgroup?
human
chimpanzee
gorilla
orangutan
gibbon
Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to the polar bear?
black bear
european brown bear
western north american brown bear
asian brown bear
Based on the figure, how long ago was the common ancestor of the European Brown Bear and the Asian Brown Bear?
4.5 hundreds of thousands of years ago
3.5 hundreds of thousands of years ago
2.2 hundreds of thousands of years ago
1.4 hundreds of thousands of years ago
Which evidence would be the most accurate when developing a cladogram?
morphological
molecular
ecological
fossil
Based on the figure, how long ago was the common ancestor of the European Brown Bear and the Asian Brown Bear?
4.5 hundreds of thousands of years ago
3.5 hundreds of thousands of years ago
2.2 hundreds of thousands of years ago
1.4 hundreds of thousands of years ago
Which evidence would be the most accurate when developing a cladogram?
morphological
molecular
ecological
fossil
Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to A. forsteri?
E. ferus
D. polylepis
G. gallus
E. africanus
Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to E. africanus?
E. ferus
D. polylepis
G. gallus
E. africanus
Based on the figure, which three organism are closely related?
cat, horse, human
cat, horse, pig
cow, horse, human
cow, horse, pig
Based on the figure, which two organisms are closely related?
cat & human
cat & cow
human & pig
human & horse
Which of the following describes how a plasmid and gene of interest are combined to create a vector?
A restriction enzyme binds to the same restriction site on both DNA strands then DNA ligase seals phosphodiester linkage
A primer binds to the gene of interest to facilitate the process of inserting the gene into the plasmid
A helicase unwinds the DNA to allow for the gene of interest to be inserted then DNA ligase seals phosphodiester linkages
A DNA polymerase uses the gene of interest as a template to insert the gene into the plasmid
Which of the following describes why Taq polymerase is required for PCR?
The Taq polymerase is able to unwind the DNA double helix reducing the need of additional enzymes
The Taq polymerase binds to the DNA without a required primer facilitating the process of PCR.
The process of PCR requires prokaryotic polymerase as it is less complex.
The process of PCR requires extreme high temperatures that would denature other polymerases.
Which of the following describes the orientation of the DNA found in a run gel electrophoresis?
Small fragments are found near the well since it is negatively charged
Large fragments are found near the well while small fragments are found at the other end.
Small fragments are found near the well while small fragments are found at the other end.
Large fragments are found near the well since it is positively charged
Which of the following describes why some bands are darker in a gel electrophoresis?
This is a location where there is a secondary well in the gel
There are a large amount of fragments the same size
The DNA at that band absorbed more dye since it is more positively charged
This is an error in the gel electrophoresis caused by a clogged pore in the gel
If one fragment was placed in the thermocycler for a PCR experiment, how many fragments would exist after 5 cycles?
10
16
64
32
Which of the following describes why primers must be added to the thermocycler during a PCR?
Polymerase requires an open 3' end
Polymerase requires RNA for signaling
Polymerase requires an RNA template
Polymerase requires an open 5' end
An experimenter performed a transformation experiment. Which of the following describes the function of the
-plasmid/LB and +plasmid/LB plates?
To compare between the bacteria with and without the plasmid
To determine whether LB is required for the bacterial growth
To ensure the bacteria is viable after experimental set-up
To test whether temperature has an effect on growth
Which of the following describes the minimum number of restriction sites on a plasmid if there are 3 fragments on the gel electrophoresis?
1
2
3
4
Which of the following is responsible for determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Bacterial Transformation
Which of the following allow for amplification of a DNA fragment abiotically?
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Bacterial Transformation
Which of the following describes an operon that is inactive and becomes activated by a molecule binding to the repressor?
inducible operon
repressible operon
Which of the following describes an operon that is active and becomes inactivated by a molecule binding to the repressor?
inducible operon
repressible operon
The lac operon is an example of an inducible operon. Which of the following describes the process that occurs when lactose is present?
The lactose binds to the repressor which inactivates it and the repressor binds to the operator to turn translation on.
The lactose binds to the repressor which activates it and the repressor releases from the operator to turn translation on.
The lactose binds to the repressor which inactivates it and the repressor releases from the operator to turn translation on.
The lactose binds to the repressor which activates it and the repressor binds to the operator to turn translation on.
The trp operon is an example of an repressible operon. Which of the following describes the process that occurs when tryptophan is present?
The tryptophan binds to the repressor which inactivates it and the repressor binds to the operator to turn translation off.
The tryptophan binds to the repressor which activates it and the repressor releases from the operator to turn translation off.
The tryptophan binds to the repressor which inactivates it and the repressor releases from the operator to turn translation off.
The tryptophan binds to the repressor which activates it and the repressor binds to the operator to turn translation off.
In the trp operon, the tryptophan binds to the repressor. Which of the following is the term used to describe this molecule?
inducer
corepressor
enhancer
CAP
In the lac operon, the allolactose binds to the repressor. Which of the following is the term used to describe this molecule?
inducer
corepressor
enhancer
CAP
Which of the following describes the type of pathway that a repressible operon controls?
anabolic pathway
catabolic pathway
Which of the following describes the type of pathway that an inducible operon controls?
anabolic pathway
catabolic pathway
Which of the following describes the function of the operator in the operon?
site of repressor binding for on/off switch
site of RNA polymerase binding for transcription
site of promoter binding for RNA synthesis
site of inducer binding for activation of pathway
Which of the following describes the function of the promoter in the operon?
site of repressor binding for on/off switch
site of RNA polymerase binding for transcription
site of operator binding for RNA synthesis
site of inducer binding for activation of pathway
Which of the following describes the function of the vibrant coloration found in the peacock feathers?
behavioral isolation
cryptic coloration
intersexual selection
intrasexual selection
Which of the following best describes the biological species concept?
two species are able to breed to produce feeble, sterile offspring
two species are unable to breed to produce feeble, sterile offspring
two species are able to breed and to produce viable, fertile offspring
two species are unable to breed to produce viable, fertile offspring
What type of barrier inhibits the eastern and western skunks that reproduce at different times of the year (different seasons)?
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
What barrier inhibits the formation of a mule (offspring of horse and donkey that is sterile)?
reduced hybrid fertility
reduced hybrid viability
hybrid breakdown
gametic isolation
When two organisms meet in the hybrid zone and the hybrid species is more favorable than the parent species, which of the following happens to the barriers?
Reinforcement
Fusion
Stabilization
Mutations
Which of the following describes the barrier that inhibits fostering of a bird by another species from being able to mate with its own species?
behavioral isolation
ecological isolation
habitat isolation
mechanical isolation
Which of these is a condition that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
extremely small population size
no natural selection
gene flow
nonrandom mating
What does p stand for?
dominant allele
recessive allele
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
Which of the following is the equation that you would use for Hardy-Weinberg?
p + 2q = 1
2p + 2q = 1
2p + q = 1
p + q = 1
Which of the following is the equation that you use for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p2 + q2 = 1
p3 + q3 = 1
p3 + 3pq + q3 = 1
