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Ch 1.1 The Science of Biology

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Rejecting one hypothesis means that the other hypothesis is accepted. True / False
a)
true
b)
false
2.
Deduction proceeds from the ___________________ to the ____________________
a)
general to the particular
b)
particular to the general
3.
What type of reasoning has occurred when scientists reach a general conclusion from a number of specific observations? _________________________________________
a)
inductive reasoning
b)
deductive reasoning
4.
Inductive or Deductive: All flying birds and insects have wings. Birds and insects flap their wings as they move through the air. Therefore, wings enable flight.
a)
inductive
b)
deductive
5.
Inductive or Deductive: Insects generally survive mild winters better than harsh ones. Therefore, insect pests will become more problematic if global temperatures increase.
a)
inductive
b)
deductive
6.
Inductive or Deductive: Chromosomes, the carriers of DNA, separate into daughter cells during cell division. Therefore, each daughter cell will have the same chromosome set as the mother cell.
a)
inductive
b)
deductive
7.
Inductive or Deductive: Animals as diverse as humans, insects, and wolves all exhibit social behavior. Therefore, social behavior must have an evolutionary advantage.
a)
inductive
b)
deductive
8.

What is the goal of “basic science?”

a)
use science to solve problems (technology)
b)
expand knowledge
9.

What is the goal of “applied science?”

a)
expand knowledge
b)
use science to solve problems (technology)
10.
Where do scientists publish their works? _________________________________________________
a)
comic books
b)
all magazines
c)
peer-reviewed journals
d)
tv advertisements
11.
A summary at the beginning of the scientific paper is called the _____________________________
a)
introduction
b)
materials
c)
methods
d)
abstract
e)
discussion
12.
What section is not included in a scientific paper (IMRaD)?
a)
introduction
b)
opinion
c)
methods
d)
discussion
e)
abstract
13.

Inductive or Deductive?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

14.

Is the reasoning Inductive or Deductive?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

15.

Inductive or Deductive?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

16.

Is this Inductive or Deductive reasoning?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

17.

Inductive or Deductive? You choose.

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

18.

Is this Inductive or Deductive reasoning?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

19.

Is this Inductive or Deductive logic?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

20.

Inductive or Deductive?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

21.

Which of the following question marks can be solved by Inductive reasoning?

a)

2, 4, 6, 8, ?

b)

2, 4, ?, 8, 10

c)

0, 1, 3, 6, ?, 15

d)

-3, -2, -1, ?

22.

Which reasoning method can support the population prediction below?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

23.

The conclusion that X=30 degrees is Inductive or Deductive reasoning?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

24.

What reasoning method will we need to find the next member of this pattern?

a)

Inductive

b)

Deductive

25.
What is the first step in the scientific method?
a)
Make an observation --> Question
b)
Design and conduct an experiment
c)
Make an hypothesis
d)
Share your results
26.
The summary at the end of an experiment that explains the results is... 
a)
conclusion
b)
procedures
c)
materials
d)
responding variable
27.
A testable prediction about a scientific investigation is a(n)
a)
Question
b)
Observation
c)
Hypothesis
d)
Experiment
28.
Information you obtain through your senses, such as touch, sound and sight.
a)
observation
b)
hypothesis
c)
question
d)
conclusion
29.

The null hypothesis is also written as

a)

H0

b)

H1

c)

A0

d)

A1

30.

A (a)   hypothesis for an experiment would predict no difference in the dependent variable between conditions of the independent variable

31.

A researcher found no difference in their DV between the conditions of their IV. What hypothesis should they accept?

a)

Null hypothesis

b)

Alternative hypothesis

32.

This symbol denotes the alternative hypothesis

a)

Null hypothesis

b)

Alternative hypothesis

c)

H0

d)

H1

33.

A hypothesis is...

a)

what the researcher measures

b)

something unwanted that can affect results

c)

a testable prediction

d)

what the researcher changes or compares

34.

The dependent variable is...

a)

what the researcher measures

b)

something unwanted that can affect results

c)

a testable prediction

d)

what the researcher changes or compares

35.

The independent variable is...

a)

what the researcher measures

b)

something unwanted that can affect results

c)

a testable prediction

d)

what the researcher changes or compares

36.

This part of the experiment serves as a basis of comparison:

a)

control group

b)

Independent variable

c)

dependent variable

d)

data

37.

This variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist.

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

data

d)

control group

38.

An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...

a)

type of plant

b)

the amount of sunlight

c)

the type of music

d)

the type of liquid

39.

The summary at the end of an experiment that explains the results.

a)

conclusion

b)

hypothesis

c)

procedure

d)

question

40.

A student wants to test the effects of type of exercise on heart rate. What is the dependent variable?

a)

time of day exercise occurs

b)

amount of exercise

c)

heart rate

d)

type of exercise

41.

Observations made during an experiment are called:

a)

data

b)

problems

c)

conclusions

d)

questions

42.

An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what are the controlled variables?

a)

type of plant, amount of music, and sunlight

b)

plant growth

c)

water, apple juice, milk

43.

Which is true about a hypothesis?

a)

It may reject or accepts your prediction.

b)

It summarizes the result on the experiment.

c)

It is the final answer to the question.

d)

It is an educated guess or possible answer to the question.

44.

The graph below shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the year 1880.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph

a)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change.

b)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century.

c)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.

d)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.

45.

In order to be accepted, a scientific theory must be

a)

based on the results of a single experiment

b)

widely tested and supported by extensive data

c)

in line with all previous historical ideas

d)

controversial and cause debate

46.

Conclusions based on an experiment are most likely to be accepted when

a)

they are consistent with experimental data and observations

b)

they are derived from investigations having many experimental variables

c)

scientists agree that only one hypothesis has been tested

d)

hypotheses are based on one experimental design

47.

An experiment was carried out to determine whether drinking caffeinated soda increases pulse rate. The pulse rates of two groups of people at rest were measured. Group A was then given caffeinated soda and group B was given caffeine-free soda. One hour after drinking the soda, the pulse rates were measured. The participants in the experiment were all the same age, and they were all given the same amount of soda. The dependent variable in this experiment is the

a)

type of soda given to each group

b)

amount of soda given to each group

c)

pulse rate of each group

d)

age of participants in each group

48.

What effect does fertilizer have on plant growth? Identify the correct step from the choices below.

a)

ask a question

b)

state the hypothesis

c)

collect the data

d)

draw conclusions

49.

Which type of data involves numbers that are obtained by counting or measuring?

a)

quantitative

b)

qualitative

50.

Which type of data involves descriptions that cannot be counted or measured?

a)

qualitative

b)

quantitative

51.

How do scientists prove their claim?

a)

With a story

b)

With evidence

c)

With an experiment

d)

With an essay

52.

A testable question should include what two things?

a)

A hypothesis and question

b)

A question and a dependent variable

c)

An independent variable but no dependent variable

d)

An independent variable and a dependent variable

53.
Restates question or prompt.
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
54.
Has the word "because".
(Or therefore, or due to, or as a result of, or according to).
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
55.
Has specific data, numbers, values, or qualitative descriptions. 
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
56.
Includes a big scientific idea.   
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
57.
Ties evidence to claim. 
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
58.
"San Francisco experiences summer during the months of June to September."  This is an example of a ________.   
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
59.
"In June-September, San Francisco has an average temperature of 18 C and an average precipitation of 0". 
This is an example of a ________.   
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
60.
"June-September are the summer months in San Francisco because the temperatures are higher and precipitation is lower."
This is an example of a ________.   
a)
Claim
b)
Evidence 
c)
Reasoning
d)
All
61.

Which of these statements is NOT a claim?

a)

Global temperatures are increasing due to carbon dioxide.

b)

Missing assignments do not affect your grades.

c)

I like blue Jolly Ranchers.

62.

Select the RELEVANT evidence for this claim: Schools should start later in the morning.

a)

Schools would get out later in the day, which gives students less time to complete homework or after school activities.

b)

Students would get more sleep in the mornings and be more awake for class.

63.

What should NOT be included in your evidence?

a)

Observations from an investigation.

b)

Numbers from your data table.

c)

Opinions about the scientific data.

64.

Why do you need to include reasoning in your CER?

a)

It shows how or why the evidence supports the claim

b)

It provides justification about why the evidence is important

c)

It includes the scientific principle to support the claim

d)

All of the above

65.

What is the best claim based on the data in this graph?

a)

When the weight of particles increase, the length decreases

b)

When the weight of particles increase, the length also increases

c)

The length of particles is not related to weight of particles.

66.

What is the best claim based on the data in this graph?

a)

More cars are being made every year

b)

Electric cars are better than gas cars

c)

The number of electric cars worldwide is increasing

d)

Electric cars stopped being sold in 2019

67.

CER is a form of writing that...

a)

can be used to make an argument

b)

can be used to summarize a story

c)

can be used to tell a fictional story

68.

What steps should you take when writing a CER paragraph?

a)

1. Cite evidence 2. Answer the question with a claim 3. Explain your reasoning

b)

1. Explain your reasoning 2. Cite evidence 3. Answer the question with a claim

c)

1. Answer the question with a claim 2. Cite evidence 3. Explain your reasoning

d)

1. Answer the question with a claim 2. Explain your reasoning 3. Cite evidence

69.
A claim is ______________________________.
a)
a kind of shellfish often used in chowder. 
b)
a fact.
c)
a statement or conclusion that answers the original question or problem
d)
a bad thing to make about something.
70.
Evidence is ___________________
a)
A statement or conclusion that answers a question
b)
Scientific data that supports the claim
c)
A justification that connects the claim to the evidence
d)
Not vital when using an argument
71.
Reasoning is __________________.
a)
A statement of conclusion that answers the original question/problem
b)
Scientific data that supports the claim
c)
A justification that connects the evidence to the claim
d)
Empirical Evidence
72.
Air is matter. We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it. This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
Which sentence is the claim?
a)
Air is matter.
b)
We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it.
c)
This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
73.
Air is matter. We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it. This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
Which sentence is the evidence?
a)
Air is matter.
b)
We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it.
c)
This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
74.
Air is matter. We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it. This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
Which sentence is the reasoning?
a)
Air is matter.
b)
We found that the weight of the ball increases by .5lbs each time we pumped more air into it
c)
This shows that air has weight, one of the characteristics of matter.
75.
Students should not be required to do community service.
a)
Evidence statement
b)
Claim statement
c)
Reasoning statement
76.
How many seals were present in 2011?
a)
25
b)
30
c)
40
d)
50
77.

At what time is the rocket the highest according to the graph?

a)

60 seconds

b)

80 seconds

c)

100 seconds

d)

120 seconds

78.

Which person is running the fastest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

Impossible to determine

79.

Which line represents a quick decrease of data at a CONSTANT rate.

a)

D

b)

A

c)

F

d)

B

80.
What is the correlation between length of running start and distance of jump?
a)
positive:  the further you run the further you jump
b)
negative: the less you run the less distance of your jump
c)
positive: the further your running start the less your distance
81.
How many students were greater than 55 inches tall but less than 70 inches tall?
a)
13
b)
15
c)
16
d)
17
82.

Which bar graph displays the same information as the table provided?

a)
b)
c)
d)
83.

In what year is it expected that India will overtake China as the worlds largest population

a)

2022

b)

2025

c)

2050

d)

2100

84.

Which plant type has the best growth rate in partial shade?

a)

geranium

b)

impatiens

c)

fuchsia

d)

trillium

85.

What is the vaccination rate in Australia at the latest date on Aug 2021?

a)

20%

b)

25%

c)

30%

d)

36%

86.

Which quarter had the highest engagement in social media?

a)

quarter 1

b)

quarter 2

c)

quarter 3

d)

quarter 4

87.

Francis was recording plant heights for an experiment. Each time that she took a measurement, she wrote it down. Then, she measured the plant again and compared the new measurement to the one that she had recorded in her notebook. What was she most likely trying to do?

a)

revise her hypothesis

check her memory

make the data more valid

form a conclusion

b)

check her memory

c)

make the data more valid

d)

form a conclusion

88.

For a conclusion to be accepted by the scientific community, the data must be accurate, free from error, and

a)

reproducible.

b)

varied.

unique.

surprising.

c)

unique.

d)

surprising.

89.

What is the best definition of a conclusion?

a)

a written description of events that occurred during an experiment

b)

an act of recognizing and noting an occurrence by using the senses

c)

a possible explanation of a scientific question based on observation

d)

an explanation that uses data to support or reject a hypothesis

90.

Anjuli performed an experiment to determine the respiration rate of yeast. She determined this by measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) production over time. Then, she produced the following graph.


Her teacher suggested that she redraw her graph as a line graph. Why should she redraw the graph?

a)

A line graph looks better in a scientific report.

b)

She was measuring a rate of change.

c)

She had graphed the wrong relationship.

d)

Her experiment had many different variables.

91.

Maria wanted to learn more about the birds that visit her backyard. She installed several bird feeders and offered the same variety of bird seed mixes in each feeder in order to attract a mix of bird species. For a month, she observed the bird feeders three times a day for an hour each day and counted the types of birds that visited the feeders. Then, she made a pie chart to compare the numbers of birds of each species that visited the feeders.


What is the most likely reason that she chose a pie chart?

a)

To show the total number of birds that she observed.

b)

To show the number of times that each bird visited the feeders.

c)

To show which bird species were most common.

d)

To show how the bird species changed over time.

92.

A geologist and a biologist performed an experiment together and examined the data. Each scientist formed a different conclusion. Both conclusions were supported by the evidence. How is this possible?

a)

Both conclusions are the same but have different wording.

b)

If more than one conclusion is supported, the hypothesis is invalid.

c)

There can be alternative explanations for the same evidence.

d)

Each conclusion is based on different data.

93.

How can evidence from an experiment be explained in relationship to the hypothesis?

a)

as a prediction

b)

as a question

c)

as an inference

d)

as a conclusion

94.

Why are line graphs useful when interpreting data?

a)

They make trends in the data easier to see.

b)

They are easier to make than data tables.

c)

They take the place of pictures in a report.

d)

They can be used to show additional data.

95.

How does a good experimental conclusion differ from an inference?

a)

A conclusion states whether it supports the hypothesis; an inference is a guess.

b)

A conclusion explains data; an inference predicts what will occur next.

c)

A conclusion provides little information; an inference is more complete.

d)

A conclusion is proven to be correct; an inference is disproved by an experiment.

96.
Based only on the data table, what is MOST LIKELY a source of error? 
a)
The students did not use the same starting water temperature for each material
b)
The students used 2 minute time intervals and should have used longer ones
c)
The students only tested 3 different exothermic reactions
d)
The students measured in degrees Celsius.
97.

Based only on the data table, what is MOST LIKELY a source of error?

a)

The students did not use the same starting water temperature for each trial

b)

The students used 2 minute time intervals and should have used longer ones

c)

The students only performed 1 trial

d)

Their was a measurement error in trial #3

98.

What kind of data helps you understand the reasoning, opinions and motivations of why customers provide positive or negative feedback to your value proposition?

a)

Quantitative data

b)

Qualitative data

99.

The pH scale measures the acidity or the basicity of a solution. Solutions that have a pH below 7 are acids. Solutions that have a low pH are more acidic than solutions that have a higher pH. The graph below shows the pH of four common fruit juices.

A student studying acidity of juices did a taste test and determined that the orange juice was the sweetest juice and the lemon and lime juices were the sourest. Based on this information, and the data shown in the bar graphs, which is the best inference the student could make about acidity?

a)

Juices with more sugar content have a lower pH.

b)

Higher acidity causes juices to taste more sour.

c)

Juice that tastes sour has a lower pH than juice that tastes sweet.

d)

Grapefruit juice tastes more sour than lime juice.

100.
A possible explanation to a problem that has not yet been tested. 
a)
data
b)
theory
c)
hypothesis
d)
fact
101.
A broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true; it is supported by much evidence.
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
c)
guess
d)
fact
102.
Martha is curious as to what happened to the dinosaurs.  She is convinced that a virus spread across the earth and killed all the dinosaurs.  Martha’s idea is called a ________.
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
c)
law
d)
question
103.
Many hypotheses are tested and scientist come up with an explanation based on these hypotheses.
a)
Fact
b)
Thoery
c)
Law
d)
Hypotheses
104.

Lilly was trying to explain to her friend the difference between a theory and a law in science. She used the theory of plate tectonics and the law of superposition as examples. Lilli explained the difference by using non-scientific language. Which statement could Lilly use to correctly describe the difference between a theory and a law in science?

a)

A theory describes a natural event, while a law explains it.

b)

A theory explains a natural event, while a law predicts it.

c)

A theory explains a natural event, while a law describes it.

d)

A theory predicts a natural event, while a law explains it.

105.

Joe tells Gabby his theory about why sea turtles nest on the beach instead of in the ocean. He says, “The turtle eggs would sink to the bottom of the ocean, and the baby turtle would drown. I know this because my uncle is a fisherman, and he told me this information. Gabby tells Joe that his theory is not scientific. Why does Joe’s idea not meet the requirements to be a scientific theory?

a)

Joe’s idea is already a scientific law.

b)

Joe’s idea is not supported by scientific evidence.

c)

Joe’s idea is a good guess that can be tested by experiments.

d)

Joe and his uncle are not scientists.

106.
Scientific theories are based on
a)
general assumptions of how systems work.
b)
mathematical principles that can be proven true.
c)
large amounts of data collected over time.
d)
observations from within only one scientific discipline.
107.
Scientific theories do not change once they have been written down.
a)
True
b)
False
108.

Which of these explain how a natural phenomenon works or happens?

a)

theory

b)

law

109.

Which of these describes a natural phenomenon or relationship that always occurs under specific conditions

a)

theory

b)

law

110.

In 1859, Charles Darwin described a model of how living things change over time. He described this model and the evidence that supported it in a book called On The Origin of Species. Which scientific term is used to describe a testable model that seeks to explain natural phenomena?

a)

data

b)

hypothesis

c)

theory

d)

observation

111.

Scientists ___________ experiments to make sure the results are meaningful.

a)

perform

b)

repeat

c)

conclude

d)

communicate

112.

Before a scientific theory is accepted and supported, it has

a)

been tested by only one scientist.

b)

been published in scientific journals.

c)

been tested many times by different scientists.

d)

been approved by the International Committee of Scientists.

113.

Scientists create both scientific theories and scientific laws as they make observations and conduct experiments about the natural world. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the difference between scientific theories and scientific laws?

a)

Scientific laws are based on evidence, while scientific theories are not.

b)

Scientific theories involve only biology, while laws involve all types of science.

c)

Scientific theories involve mathematical equations, while scientific laws are based on observations.

d)

Scientific theories are ideas that explain natural events, while scientific laws more reliably predict natural events.

114.

Which of the following ways describe how scientific theories and scientific laws are alike?

a)

Both scientific theories and scientific laws explain why events occur in nature.

b)

Both scientific theories and scientific laws can be modified if new evidence is discovered.

c)

Both scientific theories and scientific laws are accepted by only the minority of scientists in their field.

d)

Scientific theories and scientific laws are not alike in any ways.

115.

Which of the following tells what happens every time under certain conditions?

a)

Theory

b)

Law

c)

Both

d)

Neither

116.

Which of the following is supported by lots of evidence?

a)

Theory

b)

Law

c)

Both

d)

Neither

117.

Theory or Law? Is a DESCRIPTION of what a scientists expects to happen every time under a certain set of conditions.

a)

Law

b)

Theory

118.

Theory or Law? Is a well-tested EXPLANATION for a wide range of observations and experimental results.

a)

Law

b)

Theory

119.

Generally accepted to be true and is universal

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

120.

Can be expressed by a mathematical equation

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

121.

Does not need complex external proof

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

122.

Governs a single action

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

123.

Accepted to be true by the scientific community

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

124.

Used to make predictions of events

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both

125.

Uses advanced technology

a)

Law

b)

Theory

c)

Both