(a)   - outer layer made of stratified squamous epithelium

(a)   - deeper layer made of connective tissue

(a)   - covers the palms, soles, and surfaces of the fingers and toes.

Thick skin has a thick (a)   , a layer of dead cells

(a)   has a thin stratum corneum and possesses sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands.

(a)   : resistance to trauma and infection, other barrier functions. vitamin D synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, nonverbal communication

(a)   – keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (dead cells). It lacks blood vessels and gets its nutrients from the underlying CT.

(a)   – undergo mitosis and give rise to keratinocytes; are found in the deepest layer called the stratum basale.

(a)   – most numerous cells; responsible for making keratin.

(a)   – found only in the stratum basale; responsible for making melanin, the brown to black pigment responsible for UV radiation protection and for skin color.

(a)   – found in the stratum basale; receptors for the sense of touch.

(a)   – found in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. They “stand guard” against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens that penetrate the skin.

(a)   – single layer of cells resting on the basement membrane. Stem cells give rise to keratinocytes that migrate toward the skin surface and replace lost epidermal cells.

(a)   – several layers of keratinocytes; dendritic cells are also found in this layer.

(a)   – three to five layers of keratinocytes.

(a)   – thin, translucent zone superficial to the stratum granulosum; seen only in thick skin.

(a)   – consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells; especially resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss.

(a)   – lies beneath the epidermis; composed mainly of connective tissue and is well supplied with blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings.

(a)   – upward waves that form the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis.

(a)   – downward waves that form the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis.

(a)   – thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae.

(a)   – deeper and thicker layer of the dermis; consists of dense irregular connective tissue.

(a)   – also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia; lies beneath the dermis; areolar or adipose tissue between skin & muscle.

(a)   – hypodermis is composed predominantly of adipose tissue; serves as an energy reservoir & thermal insulation.

The most significant factor in skin color is (a)   .

(a)   – a brownish-black pigment

(a)   – a reddish yellow, sulfur-containing pigment

(a)   – the red pigment of blood; imparts reddish to pinkish hues to the skin.

(a)   – yellow pigment; acquired from egg yolks and yellow & orange vegetables.

(a)   – blueness of the skin; results from a deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood.

(a)   – abnormal redness of the skin; results from increased blood flow.

(a)   – pale or ashen color; results from decreased blood flow, causing the whiteness of dermal collagen to show through.

(a)   – white hair, pale skin, and pink eyes; results from a genetic lack of melanin.

(a)   – yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes; results from high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

(a)   – golden-brown skin color; results from Addison disease, a hormone deficiency.

(a)   (bruise) – mass of clotted blood showing through the skin.

(a)   – markings on the fingertips that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch; characteristic of most primates.

(a)   – lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrists, elbows, and other places.

(a)   – flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun.

(a)   (nevus) – elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair.

(a)   (birthmarks) – patches of discolored skin caused by benign tumors of the dermal blood capillaries.

(a)   - these are accessory organs (appendages) of the skin.

(a)   – also known as a pilus (pili for more than one).

(a)   – fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development.

(a)   – fine, unpigmented hair that appears after birth.

(a)   – longer, coarser, and pigmented.

(a)   – swelling at the base where the hair originates at the dermis.

(a)   – remainder of the hair within the follicle

(a)   – portion above the skin surface

(a)   – vascular CT that gives the hair its sole source of nutrition

(a)   – hair’s growth center

(a)   – bundle of smooth muscle cells; creates goose bumps in response to cold, fear, etc.

(a)   – thinning of the hair; baldness

(a)   – excessive or undesirable hairiness in areas that are not usually hairy, especially in women and children.

(a)   – due to iron deficiency

(a)   – due to oxygen deficiency in the blood.

(a)   – also known as sudoriferous glands

(a)   – most numerous and function in evaporative cooling.

(a)   – scent glands

(a)   – produce an oily secretion called sebum

(a)   – glands of the ear canal that produce cerumen (earwax)

(a)   – milk-producing glands located in the female breast.

(a)   – most common type & the least dangerous.

(a)   – the chance of recovery is good with early detection & surgical removal, but can be lethal if it metastasizes to the lymph nodes.

(a)   – most deadly; often arises from the melanocytes of a preexisting mole.

(a)   – leading cause of accidental death

(a)   – involve only the epidermis; marked by redness, slight edema, and pain.

(a)   – involve the epidermis and part of the dermis; blistered and very painful.

(a)   – also called full thickness burns because the epidermis, dermis, and often some deeper tissue are completely destroyed.

(a)   – the removal of eschar in order to control infection.

The two most urgent considerations in treating a burn patient are (a)