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ENVS Midterm Review

Total questions: 142

Worksheet time: 4hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

All the biotic and abiotic things with which organisms interact is called ___.

a)

an environment

b)

environmental science

c)

environmentalism

2.

The difference between environmental science and environmentalism is ___.

a)

environmental science studies how the natural world works.

b)

environmentalism studies how the natural world works

c)

environmental science is a social movement to protect the natural world

d)

environmentalism is unbiased

3.

Which of the following correctly describes the type of graph to be used?

a)

Bar graphs show comparisons.

b)

Circle (pie) graphs show change over time.

c)

Line graphs show parts of a whole.

d)

Bar graphs show change over time.

4.

A good hypothesis should be ___.

a)

testable, objective, and measurable

b)

testable, subjective, and measurable

c)

measurable only

d)

testable and measurable only

5.

True or false: the scale for the X and Y axes must be the same.

a)

True

b)

False- the scale for the X and Y axes can be different.

c)

False- the scale for the X and Y axes must start at zero.

6.

When graphing data, the independent variable goes on the ___.

a)

x-axis

b)

y-axis

c)

z-axis

d)

intersecting grid lines

7.

Which of the following is bigger than a one liter (L)?

a)

one milliliter (mL)

b)

one kiloliter (kL)

c)

one centiliter (cL)

d)

one deciliter (dL)

8.

Which of the following units is not metric?

a)

Inches

b)

Liters

c)

Grams

d)

Meters

9.

Resources that cannot be replaced within the human time scale

a)

renewable resource

b)

nonrenewable resource

c)

sunlight

d)

wind

10.

Which is considered a nonrenewable resource?

a)

water

b)

animals

c)

fossil fuels

d)

trees

11.
Which of these is not an example of a commons?
a)

Aquifers (ground water)

b)
The ocean
c)
Privately owned farms
d)

Air

12.
What is the definition of ecological footprint?
a)
is the footprint of ecologist
b)
is a measure of the impact living things have on the environment.
c)
is a kind of plant that grows in the rainforrest.
d)

a measure of the amount of land or ocean needed to support a person.

13.

The ______ was the time period when humans began to domesticate plants and animals.

a)
hunter-gathering period
b)
Industrial Revolution
c)
Agricultural Revolution
14.

The ______ was the time when humans started using fossil fuels to power machines that increasesd the efficiency of producing goods.

a)
scientific period
b)
Agricultural Revolution
c)
Industrial Revolution
15.
Select the best definition for the term biodiversity.
a)
able to decompose or break down naturally
b)
the variety of organisms in an area
c)
organic
d)
a native species
16.

Give an example of "loss of biodiversity"

a)

overfishing

b)

toxic run-off

c)

mining

17.

Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history?

a)

hunter-gatherer period

b)

agricultural revolution

c)

Industrial Revolution

d)

Both (a) and (c

18.

Tragedy of the Commons refers to what environmental challenge?

a)

protecting shared resources

b)

curbing overpopulation

c)

perserving biodiversity

d)

preventing pollution

19.

Which of the following is an example of a inexhaustible resource?

a)

oil

b)

metals

c)

sunlight

d)

coal

20.
Which of the following is an example of a renewable natural resource?
a)
crude oil
b)
coal
c)

crops

d)
copper
21.
Select the best definition for the term sustainable.
a)
able to meet the current demand for a resource without depleting the future supply
b)
the amount of a product or service offered for sale at a given price
c)
the amount of a product or service people will buy at a given price if free to do so
d)
upsetting the ecological balance by depleting natural resources
22.
What has happened to human resource consumption in the last several hundred years?
a)
It has remained at the same level.
b)
It has decreased only slightly.
c)
It has increased dramatically.
d)
It has decreased dramatically.
23.

The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment.

a)

Biology

b)

Ecology

c)

Environmental Science

d)

Social Science

24.
Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
a)
There are 3 tulips
b)
The tulips are red
c)
The tulips are prettier than the roses
d)
The tulips smell nice
25.
There are limits to many of our ____________________, materials and energy sources provided by nature, that humans need to survive.
a)
Natural Resources
b)
Ecology
c)
Environment
26.

Which of the following is a qualitative observation about this image?

a)

There are 10 mini trees in the picture.

b)

There are two colored bushes in the picture.

c)

There is one power line going across in the air.

d)

There is art created from trees in this photo.

27.

Which of the following is a quantitative observation?

a)

The bird is very colorful.

b)

The bird has four different colors.

c)

The bird has many, many feathers.

d)

It is a bird.

28.

What is the first step in solving a problem?

a)

Make an observation

b)

Design and conduct an experiment

c)

Make a hypothesis

d)

Share your results

29.
process that test a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions. 
a)
experiment
b)
examine
c)
justify
d)
observation
30.
is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge. 
a)
guessing
b)
understanding
c)
inference
d)
conclude 
31.
The variable that is being tested or changed
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
control variable
32.
The variable that is being measured
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
control variable
33.

Rosa's neighborhood is only allowed to water their lawns on Tuesdays and Thursdays. What is the most likely explanation for why Rosa's neighborhood can only water their lawns two days a week?

a)

Water is a renewable resource that needs to be conserved.

b)

Water is a nonrenewable resource that needs to be conserved.

c)

Water erodes the soil, and soil is a renewable resource that needs to be conserved.

d)

Water corrodes the soil, and soil is a nonrenewable resource that needs to be conserved.

34.

What are considered "the commons"

a)

Common house hold items like knifes, spoons, and forks.

b)

A renewable resource owned by no one and available for use by anyone at little or no charge

c)

A field where college students can sit outside in between classes

35.

Unsustainable

a)

When resources can never be replenished again.

b)

When resources are used or depleted faster than they can be replenished.

c)

When you are not mentally stable.

36.

If the atomic number of Te is 52, and the mass of an atom of Te is 128, how many neutrons does this atom have?

a)

128

b)

76

c)

180

d)

52

37.

An atom has 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons. Is this element neutral?

a)

Yes

b)

No

38.
A tiny but very dense, positively charged portion of the atom that holds most of the atomic mass
a)
Electron Shells
b)
Orbitals
c)
Electron Cloud
d)
Nucleus
39.

Calculation used to find the number of neutrons in an atom

a)

Mass Number- Atomic Number

b)

Atomic Number - Mass Number

c)

Mass Number - Electrons

d)

protons = electrons = neutrons

40.
How many protons does this atom have?
a)
2.5
b)
6
c)
5
d)
10.811
41.
What two particles make up the ATOMIC MASS of an element? 
a)
Protons and Neutrons
b)
Protons and Electrons
c)
Electrons and Nucleus
d)
Electrons and Neutrons
42.
The horizontal row on the periodic table is called a
a)
group
b)
family
c)
period
d)
atomic number
43.
A vertical column is called...
a)
group
b)
tower
c)
period
d)
crew
44.

What type of element is pictured here?

a)

Lithium

b)

Beryllium

c)

Boron

d)

Hydrogen

45.

All of the elements in the same group have the same number of _________________________.

a)

Protons

b)

Valence Electrons

c)

Electrons

d)

Quarks

46.

Isotopes of an element have the _________ number of protons and a _________________ number of neutrons.

a)

different, same

b)

same, same

c)

different, different

d)

same, different

47.
DIFFERENT kinds of atoms chemically combined to form a substance are
a)
Mixture
b)
Element
c)
Compound
d)
Substance
48.

The electron is not included in the calculations for the atomic mass because

a)

It has negative charge

b)

It is located in the outer energy levels of the atom

c)

Its mass is basically zero

d)

It attracts neutral particles

49.
What is a solvent?
a)
The substance that does the dissolving in a solution.
b)
The substance that is being dissolved in a solution.
c)
The mixing of different substances.
d)
The process in which neutral molecules lose or gain electrons
50.
What is a substance that is dissolved in another substance? 
a)
solution
b)
solute
c)
solvent
d)
compound
51.
Kool-Aid - Powder, sugar, and water
Identify the solvent 
a)
water
b)
powder
c)
sugar
d)
powder and sugar
52.
In this mixture, which of the following will be the solute?
a)
The water in the glass
b)
The glass that holds the final mixture
c)
The solution containing both powder and water
d)
The powder on the spoon
53.

A solution has a pH of 10.34

Is it an Acid or a Base?

a)

Acid

b)

Base

54.

what the definition of acid?

a)

having a pH of less than 7.

b)

having a pH of more then 7

c)

has OH

d)

has O

55.

what is the definition of a base?

a)

having a pH of less than 7.

b)

having a pH of more than 7

c)

having H

d)

Having O

56.

what is the pH for a weak base

a)

1

b)

2

c)

8

d)

14

57.

what would the pH be for something neutral?

a)

1

b)

7

c)

11

d)

12

58.

The table shows the pH of several solutions. Which solution is the most acidic?

a)

vinegar

b)

milk

c)

water

d)

bleach

59.

Four substances were tested for pH, lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), bleach (pH 12), and milk (pH 6). Which of the following correctly lists the substances from most basic to acidic?

a)

lemon juice, milk, baking soda, bleach

b)

bleach, baking soda, milk, lemon juice

c)

milk, lemon juice, baking soda, bleach

d)

baking soda, bleach, lemon juice, milk

60.

Which type of volcano is built by alternating layers of lava flows and ash flows? It can

be very explosive.

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

61.

Which type of volcano has steep angled sides, throws blobs of lava in the air that fall as cinders, and is built over a short period of time?

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

62.

Which type of volcano if found in the Hawaiian Islands with thick flowing, slow moving lava? This is the most common type of volcano on earth.

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Composite

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

63.

Which type of volcano is currently resting, but could erupt sometime in the future?

a)

Active

b)

Dormant

c)

Extinct

d)

All of the above

64.

What is the active volcano area around the Pacific Rim called?

a)

Hot Spots

b)

Pacific Ocean

c)

Ring of Fire

d)

Hawaii

65.

Where is 97% of the Earth's water located?

a)

Rivers and Lakes

b)

Glaciers and Icecaps

c)

oceans

d)

groundwater

66.

Which division of Geologic Time is the largest?

a)

Eons

b)

Eras

c)

Periods

d)

Epochs

67.

In which Eon did Earth have hellish condtions?

a)

Phanerozoic

b)

Prototerozoic

c)

Archean

d)

Hadean

68.

Which eon accounts for about 90% of Earth's history?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Hadean

c)

Proterozoic

d)

Phanerozoic

69.

During which era did the formation of Pangaea begin?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Phanerozoic

70.

During which era, did the dinosaurs dominate?

a)

paleozoic

b)

mesozoic

c)

cenozoiz

d)

phanerozoic

71.

In which of the following eons does oceanic oxygen begin to enter the atmosphere?

a)

Archean

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Permian

d)

Proterozoic

72.

What are the names of ALL parts of the geologic time scale in order from broadest to narrowest

a)

era, period, eon

b)

eon, era, period, epoch

c)

era, eon, epoch, period

d)

eon, era, epoch, period

73.

Scientists learned about the Earth's interior structure from

a)

water waves

b)

sound waves

c)

seismic waves

d)

light waves

74.

The plates of the Earth move on the

a)

lithosphere

b)

mantle

c)

asthenosphere

d)

core

75.

__________________ are/is set into motion by the transfer of energy between the hot interior and cooler exterior.

a)

Seismic waves

b)

Ocean

c)

Magnetic fields

d)

Convection currents

76.

What type of rock is formed by compressed sediment?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Igneous

d)

Clay

77.

The inner core of the Earth is made of

a)

magma

b)

peridotite

c)

basalt

d)

iron

78.

What is the core of Earth mostly made of?

a)

silicon and oxygen

b)

magnesium

c)

aluminum

d)

nickel and iron

79.

Which layer of the geosphere is made of large slabs called tectonic plates?

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Asthenosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Outer core

80.

Convection currents in the mantle drive tectonic plate movements. Which process is responsible for causing molten rock to rise toward the surface?

a)

rock is heated

b)

rock is rapidly cooled

c)

rock increases in density

d)

rock undergoes extreme pressure

81.

What are two ways pressure can cause rocks to change?

a)

cementing of small pieces of rock or shells beneath layers of sand and dead organic matter causes sedimentary rocks to form

b)

cementing of small pieces of rock or shells causes igneous rocks to form

c)

rocks are buried under the Earth and intense heat and pressure causes sedimentary rock to form

d)

rocks are buried under the Earth and intense heat and pressure causes metamorphic rock to form

82.

Which of the following can occur after rock is weathered?

a)

it forms metamorphic rock

b)

it melts and forms igneous rock

c)

the sediment can form magma

d)

it gets compacted and forms sedimentary rock

83.

Rocks always go through the same steps as they go through the rock cycle

a)

true

b)

false

c)

I don't know

d)

7

84.

Which statement explains what happens to material as it moves through the stages of the rock cycle?

a)

new matter is being created all the time

b)

the same matter is being recycled over and over

c)

eventually broken-down matter disappears

d)

old matter is destroyed and new matter takes its place

85.

__________ occurs when eroded materials are dropped off in a new location

a)

Weathering

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

86.

_____________________ is the movement of soil and rock by wind, water, ice, and gravity.

a)

weathering

b)

deposition

c)

erosion

87.

_______ rock are formed when magma or lava cools.

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Robotic

88.

How do metamorphic rocks form?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Compaction and cementation

c)

cooling of magma

d)

scissors & glue

89.

A rock formed from the compaction and cementation of rock fragments

a)

Metamorphic rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson

90.
This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
91.

______ are the vibrations of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy in the lithosphere.

a)

Foci

b)

Epicenters

c)

Earthquakes

d)

Faults

92.

Where is an earthquake the strongest?

a)

Epicenter

b)

Fault

c)

Focus

93.

What are interactions of the Earth's rigid lithospheric plates as they slide slowly over the asthenosphere.

a)

transform

b)

Mantle

c)

convection currents

d)

plate tectonics

94.

What is subduction?

a)

It is when the cold water meets the hot magma underground

b)

It is when the lava rises in the volcano

c)

It is when an oceanic crust collides with continental crust

d)

It is when the fissure is created

95.

A supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed about 225 million years ago.

a)

Pangea

b)

Gondwanaland

c)

Rodinia

d)

Pannotia

96.

a tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other

a)

transform

b)

divergent

c)

convergent

d)

strike-slip

97.

boundary between tectonic plates in which the two plates move away from each other, and new crust is created between them

a)

transform

b)

divergent

c)

convergent

d)

strike-slip

98.

Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other

a)

transform

b)

divergent

c)

convergent

d)

strike-slip

99.

The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20-50 km thick

a)

mantle

b)

continental crust

c)

oceanic crust

d)

asthenosphere

100.

Thinner, more dense, younger crust, primarily basaltic, making ocean floor

a)

mantle

b)

continental crust

c)

oceanic crust

d)

asthenosphere

101.

The Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks layers are on top of older rock layers

b)

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks

c)

Older rock layers are on top of younger rock layers

d)

Absolute age dating

102.

Fossils are more likely to form in which type of rock?

a)

Sedimentary rocks form in layers which help keep fossils from being destroyed.  

b)

Metamorphic rocks form by being exposed to a lot of heat and pressure and this keeps the fossils from being destroyed.

c)

Igneous rocks form when lava or magma cools and this keeps the fossils from being destroyed

d)

Fossils only form in igneous rocks.

103.

When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 

a)

geosphere

b)

atmosphere

c)

hydrosphere

d)

biosphere

104.

When volcanoes erupt, dust and ash particles spread through much of the air blocking the sun. Which two spheres are interacting?

a)

geosphere and atmosphere

b)

atmosphere and biosphere

c)

atmosphere and hydrosphere

d)

atmosphere and atmosphere

105.

When volcanoes erupt, dust and ash particles spread through much of the air blocking the sun. Which two spheres are interacting?

a)

geosphere and atmosphere

b)

atmosphere and biosphere

c)

atmosphere and hydrosphere

d)

atmosphere and atmosphere

106.

This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 

a)

hydrosphere

b)

atmosphere

c)

biosphere

d)

geosphere

107.

The ________is the sphere inhabited by life.

a)

biosphere

b)

geosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

hydrosphere

108.

The ________is the sphere inhabited by life.

a)

biosphere

b)

geosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

hydrosphere

109.

When carbon dioxide dissolves from the air into the ocean - the interaction is between

a)

the atmosphere and hydrosphere

b)

the atmosphere and lithophere

c)

the atmosphere and atmosphere

d)

the atmosphere and biosphere

110.

Wind can carry seed to new places, so more plants can grow are interactions between the

a)

atmosphere and geosphere

b)

geosphere and biosphere

c)

atmosphere and biosphere

d)

atmosphere and geosphere

111.

Plants reduce soil erosion by protecting the land from weather are interactions between the

a)

atmosphere and geosphere

b)

geosphere and biosphere

c)

atmosphere and hydrosphere

d)

hydrosphere and geosphere

112.

Identify the interaction between which two of Earth's spheres shown in the picture.

a)

Atmosphere - Biosphere

b)

Hydrosphere - Atmosphere

c)

Hydrosphere - Geosphere

d)

Geosphere - Biosphere

113.

 

What is the connection between the hydrosphere and the cryosphere?

a)

The hydrosphere includes the liquid inner core of earth.

The cryosphere is the solid outer core of Earth.

b)

The hydrosphere is the soil on Earth's crust.

The cryosphere are the rocks and minerals on Earth's crust.

c)

The hydrosphere includes only rainfall that comes from the atmosphere.

The cryosphere is the ice and snow that falls from Earth's atmosphere.

d)

The hydrosphere includes all the waters on the Earth's surface, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater.

The cryosphere is the frozen water on Earth including glaciers, sea ice, snow, freshwater ice, and frozen ground (permafrost).

114.

Which one is the most abundant gas on the atmosphere?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Methane

115.

In the past bacteria began to capture CO2CO_2  and released enormous amounts of O2O_2  by performing this process. This event changed the atmosphere's composition.

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Evaporation

116.

How many layers does the atmosphere has?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

2

117.

The ozone layer is located here:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

118.

Meteorites transform into shooting stars here

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

119.

Here, the atmosphere reach temperatures up to 2000ºC

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

120.

In this layer the air molecules have the lowest density:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

121.

Most of the weather phenomena happen in this layer:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

e)

Exosphere

122.

If we want to name a limit between two atmospheric layer we use the name of the layer below and the suffix

a)

Sphere

b)

Pause

c)

Stoppage

d)

End

123.

Which one is not a function of the atmosphere?

a)

Protection against harmful radiation

b)

Supporting life

c)

Pollution

d)

Temperature regulation

124.

The greenhouse effect is always detrimental.

a)

True

b)

False

125.

If the atmosphere didn't exist the temperature during the night would drop way below zero.

a)

True

b)

False

126.

This radiation is stopped at the ozone layer

a)

Ultraviolet

b)

X

c)

Gamma

d)

Infrared

127.
The condition of the atmosphere, such as temperature, cloud cover, wind speed and rainfall
a)
climate
b)
weather
c)
trend
d)
season
128.
Average weather conditions of a region year after year
a)
weather
b)
season
c)
cold front
d)
climate
129.
Earth is unevenly heated due to its?
a)
oceans and moon
b)
tilt and shape
c)
gravity and clouds
d)
climate and weather
130.
Wind doesn't move in a straight line because of the Coriolis Effect. What causes this?
a)
The Earth's rotation
b)
The Earth's revolution
c)
The gravitational pull of the moon
d)
The gravitational pull of the Sun
131.
When there is a difference in air pressure, air moves from...
a)
Areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure
b)
It depends on the temperature of the air
c)
From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
d)
It could move either way
132.

Why do coastal regions have warmer winters and cooler summers that regions inland?

a)

There is more direct sunlight near the coast.

b)

Mountain ranges usually form along coasts.

c)

The motion of the waves creates wind.

d)

Oceans warm up and cool down slowly

133.

Compared to the base of a mountain, the peak will have...

a)

warmer temperatures and denser air

b)

warmer temperatures and less dense air

c)

colder temperature and denser air

d)

colder temperatures and less dense air

134.
Which is the warmest climate zone?
a)
Arctic Zone
b)
Temperate Zone
c)
Tropical Zone
d)
Intermediate Zone
135.
Most water vapor in the atmosphere comes from 
a)
evaporation from oceans.
b)
evaporation from soil.
c)
transpiration from plants.
d)
the burning of fossil fuels. 
136.

Opposite Hemispheres (Northern and Southern) have opposite seasons.

a)

True

b)

False

137.
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Methane
c)
Water vapour
d)
Nitrogen
138.
The greenhouse effect is beneficial as it helps to sustain life on earth by naturally trapping heat in the atmosphere. 
a)
False
b)
True
139.
Which of the following is not a result of climate change?
a)
change in axial tilt (tilt of Earth on its axis)
b)
sea level changes
c)
rising temperatures
d)
change in precipitation levels
140.
By what amount did carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere increase between 1960 and 2000?
a)
40 -50 ppm
b)
60 -70 ppm
c)
110 -120 ppm
d)
360 -370 ppm
141.
Fossil Fuels are:
a)
any gas that absorbs heat
b)
mixture of gases surrounding Earth
c)
average weather over time
d)
made from plant or animal remains
142.
How do fossil fuels affect the greenhouse effect?
a)
Burning fossil fuels decreases incoming solar radiation
b)
Burning fossil fuels decreases the amount of heat trapped
c)
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere trapping more heat
d)
Burning fossil fuels causes less heat to be trapped